49 results on '"Madi, K."'
Search Results
2. A small molecule ligand for the novel pain target, GPR171, produces minimal reward in mice
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McDermott, Max V., Ram, Akila, Mattoon, Matthew T., Haderlie, Emmaline E., Raddatz, Megan C., Thomason, Madi K., and Bobeck, Erin N.
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- 2023
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3. Instantaneous 4D micro-particle image velocimetry (µPIV) via multifocal microscopy (MUM)
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Guastamacchia, M. G. R., Xue, R., Madi, K., Pitkeathly, W. T. E., Lee, P. D., Webb, S. E. D., Cartmell, S. H., and Dalgarno, P. A.
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- 2022
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4. A geophysical and hydro physico-chemical study of the contaminant impact of a solid waste landfill (swl) in King Williams’ Town, Eastern Cape, South Africa
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Mepaiyeda S., Baiyegunhi C., Madi K., and Gwavava O.
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landfill ,leachate ,groundwater ,electrical resistivity ,contaminants ,eastern cape ,Geology ,QE1-996.5 - Abstract
Electrical resistivity imaging (ERI) surveys and physico-chemical analysis were carried out on a solid waste landfill (SWL) in Eastern Cape, South Africa to assess the impact of leachate pollution on groundwater quality. 2-D resistivity imaging was done across three profile lines (A, C and E) on the landfill. Physico-chemical properties of water samples from the leachate pond and boreholes (BH1 and BH2), located between 80 m to 200 m from the edge of the landfill were analysed. The results revealed groundwater contamination to a depth of about 75 m,well within the aquiferous zone. High electrical conductivity (EC) and total dissolve solid (TDS) values observed in the groundwater samples indicate a downward transfer of leachate into the groundwater. The difference in EC and TDS values for BH2 and BH1 (9892 μS/cm/ 4939 mg/L and 6988 μS/cm/ 3497 mg/L respectively), indicated that concentration of contaminants increased towards the centre of the landfill The direction of flow of the leachate is towards the southwestern part of the landfill. In the absence of a leachate recovery system, the uncontrolled accumulation of leachate over time at the landfill will pose a threat to the groundwater quality, hence the need to improve waste management practices in the study area to mitigate the effects of pollution
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- 2019
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5. Characterisation of Hydrogel Scaffolds Under Compression
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Tong, J., Hsu, Y.-H., Madi, K., Cossey, A., Au, A., Wang, Min, Series editor, Li, Qing, editor, and Mai, Yiu-Wing, editor
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- 2017
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6. Variability in spatial distribution of mineral phases in the Lower Bowland Shale, UK, from the mm- to μm-scale: Quantitative characterization and modelling
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Fauchille, A.L., van den Eijnden, A.P., Ma, L., Chandler, M., Taylor, K.G., Madi, K., Lee, P.D., and Rutter, E.
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- 2018
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7. Arthrodèse postérolatérale versus stabilisation dynamique par DYNESYS : étude rétrospective à 5,5 ans de recul minimum
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Bredin, S., Demay, O., Mensa, C., Madi, K., and Ohl, X.
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- 2017
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8. Posterolateral fusion versus Dynesys dynamic stabilization: Retrospective study at a minimum 5.5 years’ follow-up
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Bredin, S., Demay, O., Mensa, C., Madi, K., and Ohl, X.
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- 2017
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9. Admission heart failure and coronary perfusion in ST-elevation myocardial infarction patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention
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Elkammash, A, primary, Abdelhamid, M, additional, Sobhy, M, additional, Zaki, A, additional, Sadaka, M, additional, Omoniyi, O, additional, Alsinan, M, additional, Farahat, R, additional, Al Sattouf, A, additional, Abbas, A, additional, and Madi, K, additional
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- 2023
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10. Near-tip strain evolution under cyclic loading: In situ experimental observation and numerical modelling
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Tong, J., Lin, B., Lu, Y.-W., Madi, K., Tai, Y.H., Yates, J.R., and Doquet, V.
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- 2015
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11. Characterisation of Hydrogel Scaffolds Under Compression
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Tong, J., primary, Hsu, Y.-H., additional, Madi, K., additional, Cossey, A., additional, and Au, A., additional
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- 2016
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12. A small molecule ligand for the novel pain target GPR171 produces minimal reward in mice
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McDermott, Max V., primary, Ram, Akila, additional, Mattoon, Matt T., additional, Haderlie, Emmaline E., additional, Raddatz, Megan C., additional, Thomason, Madi K., additional, and Bobeck, Erin N., additional
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- 2022
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13. A small molecule ligand for the novel pain target, GPR171, produces minimal reward in mice
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Max V. McDermott, Akila Ram, Matt T. Mattoon, Emmaline E. Haderlie, Megan C. Raddatz, Madi K. Thomason, and Erin N. Bobeck
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Pharmacology ,Behavioral Neuroscience ,Clinical Biochemistry ,Toxicology ,Biochemistry ,Biological Psychiatry - Abstract
ProSAAS is one of the most abundant proteins in the brain and is processed into several smaller peptides. One of which, BigLEN, is an endogenous ligand for the G protein-coupled receptor, GPR171. Recent work in rodent models has shown that a small-molecule ligand for GPR171, MS15203, increases morphine antinociception and is effective in lessening chronic pain. While these studies provide evidence for GPR171 as a possible pain target, its abuse liability has not yet been assessed which we evaluate in the current study. We first mapped the distribution of GPR171 and ProSAAS throughout the reward circuit of the brain using immunohistochemistry and showed that GPR171 and ProSAAS are localized in the hippocampus, basolateral amygdala, nucleus accumbens, prefrontal cortex. In the major dopaminergic structure, the ventral tegmental area (VTA), GPR171 appeared to be primarily localized in dopamine neurons while ProSAAS is outside of dopamine neurons. Next, MS15203 was administered to mice with or without morphine, and VTA slices were stained for the immediate early gene c-Fos as a marker of neuronal activation. Quantification of c-Fos-positive cells revealed no statistical difference between MS15203 and saline, suggesting that MS15203 does not increase VTA activation and dopamine release. Similarly, the results of a conditioned place preference experiment showed that treatment with MS15203 or MS15203 + Morphine produced no place preference compared to Saline indicating a lack of reward-related behavior. Taken together this data provides evidence that the novel pain therapeutic, MS15203, has minimal reward liability. Therefore, GPR171 deserves further exploration as a pain target.Significance StatementMS15203, a drug that activates the receptor GPR171, was previously shown to increase morphine analgesia. The authors use in vivo and histological techniques to show that it fails to activate the rodent reward circuitry, providing support for the continued exploration of MS15203 as a novel pain drug, and GPR171 a novel pain target.
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- 2023
14. Endochondral Growth Defect and Deployment of Transient Chondrocyte Behaviors Underlie Osteoarthritis Onset in a Natural Murine Model
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Staines, K. A., Madi, K., Mirczuk, S. M., Parker, S., Burleigh, A., Poulet, B., Hopkinson, M., Bodey, A. J., Fowkes, R. C., Farquharson, C., Lee, P. D., and Pitsillides, A. A.
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- 2016
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15. Characterisation of growth plate dynamics in surgical and non-invasive loaded murine models of osteoarthritis
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Samvelyan, H.J., primary, Madi, K., additional, Törnqvist, A.E., additional, Javaheri, B., additional, and Staines, K.A., additional
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- 2021
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16. Quantifying Microstructural Evolution in Moving Magma
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Dobson, K.J., Allabar, A., Bretagne, E., Coumans, J., Cassidy, M., Cimarelli, C., Coats, R., Connolley, T., Courtois, L., Dingwell, D.B., Di Genova, D., Fernando, B., Fife, J.L., Fyfe, F., Gehne, S., Jones, T., Kendrick, J.E., Kinvig, H., Kolzenburg, S., Lavallée, Y., Liu, E., Llewellin, E.W., Madden-Nadeau, A., Madi, K., Marone, F., Morgan, C., Oppenheimer, J., Ploszajski, A., Reid, G., Schauroth, J., Schlepütz, C.M., Sellick, C., Vasseur, J., von Aulock, F.W., Wadsworth, F.B., Wiesmaier, S., Wanelik, K., Dobson, K.J., Allabar, A., Bretagne, E., Coumans, J., Cassidy, M., Cimarelli, C., Coats, R., Connolley, T., Courtois, L., Dingwell, D.B., Di Genova, D., Fernando, B., Fife, J.L., Fyfe, F., Gehne, S., Jones, T., Kendrick, J.E., Kinvig, H., Kolzenburg, S., Lavallée, Y., Liu, E., Llewellin, E.W., Madden-Nadeau, A., Madi, K., Marone, F., Morgan, C., Oppenheimer, J., Ploszajski, A., Reid, G., Schauroth, J., Schlepütz, C.M., Sellick, C., Vasseur, J., von Aulock, F.W., Wadsworth, F.B., Wiesmaier, S., and Wanelik, K.
- Abstract
Many of the grand challenges in volcanic and magmatic research are focused on understanding the dynamics of highly heterogeneous systems and the critical conditions that enable magmas to move or eruptions to initiate. From the formation and development of magma reservoirs, through propagation and arrest of magma, to the conditions in the conduit, gas escape, eruption dynamics, and beyond into the environmental impacts of that eruption, we are trying to define how processes occur, their rates and timings, and their causes and consequences. However, we are usually unable to observe the processes directly. Here we give a short synopsis of the new capabilities and highlight the potential insights that in situ observation can provide. We present the XRheo and Pele furnace experimental apparatus and analytical toolkit for the in situ X-ray tomography-based quantification of magmatic microstructural evolution during rheological testing. We present the first 3D data showing the evolving textural heterogeneity within a shearing magma, highlighting the dynamic changes to microstructure that occur from the initiation of shear, and the variability of the microstructural response to that shear as deformation progresses. The particular shear experiments highlighted here focus on the effect of shear on bubble coalescence with a view to shedding light on both magma transport and fragmentation processes. The XRheo system is intended to help us understand the microstructural controls on the complex and non-Newtonian evolution of magma rheology, and is therefore used to elucidate the many mobilization, transport, and eruption phenomena controlled by the rheological evolution of a multi-phase magmatic flows. The detailed, in situ characterization of sample textures presented here therefore represents the opening of a new field for the accurate parameterization of dynamic microstructural control on rheological behavior.
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- 2020
17. Secondary resources at abandoned mine tailings, Giyani Greenstone Belt, Limpopo Province of South Africa
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Mangwaya, L, primary, Muzerengi, Confidence, additional, and Madi, K, additional
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- 2021
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18. Phase-contrast 3D tomography of HeLa cells grown in PLLA polymer electrospun scaffolds using synchrotron X-rays
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Bhartiya, A., primary, Madi, K., additional, Disney, C. M., additional, Courtois, L., additional, Jupe, A., additional, Zhang, F., additional, Bodey, A. J., additional, Lee, P., additional, Rau, C., additional, Robinson, I. K., additional, and Yusuf, M., additional
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- 2020
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19. Contaminant Delineation of a Landfill Site Using Electrical Resistivity and Induced Polarization Methods in Alice, Eastern Cape, South Africa
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Mepaiyeda, S., primary, Madi, K., additional, Gwavava, O., additional, Baiyegunhi, C., additional, and Sigabi, L., additional
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- 2019
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20. Feasibility study for a clinical application of digital volume correlation
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Palanca, Marco, Cristofolini, Luca, Pani, Martino, Kinene, Edmond, Blunn, Gordon, Madi, K, Tozzi, Gianluca, Palanca, Marco, Cristofolini, Luca, Pani, Martino, Kinene, Edmond, Blunn, Gordon, Madi, K, and Tozzi, Gianluca
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PED-CAT ,Digital volume correlation - Published
- 2017
21. Analysis of Fiber Orientation and Distribution of Volumetric Strain in Polyamide 6-Glass Fiber Composites Using Cylinder Correlation and Digital Volume Correlation Methods
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Shojaee, S., primary, Laiarinandrasana, L., additional, Morgeneyer, T., additional, Helfen, L., additional, and Madi, K., additional
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- 2019
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22. Variability in spatial distribution of mineral phases in the Lower Bowland Shale, UK, from the mm- to μm-scale: Quantitative characterization and modelling
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Fauchille, A. L. (author), van den Eijnden, A.P. (author), Ma, L. (author), Chandler, M. (author), Taylor, K. G. (author), Madi, K. (author), Lee, P. D. (author), Rutter, E. (author), Fauchille, A. L. (author), van den Eijnden, A.P. (author), Ma, L. (author), Chandler, M. (author), Taylor, K. G. (author), Madi, K. (author), Lee, P. D. (author), and Rutter, E. (author)
- Abstract
The microstructure of a highly laminated Lower Bowland Shale sample is characterized at the micron-to millimeter scale, to investigate how such characterization can be utilized for microstructure-based modelling of the shale's geomechanical behavior. A mosaic of scanning electron microscope (SEM) back-scattered electron (BSE) images was studied. Mineral and organic content and their anisotropy vary between laminae, with a high variability in fracturing and multi-micrometer aggregates of feldspars, carbonates, quartz and organics. The different microstructural interface types and heterogeneities were located and quantified, demonstrating the microstructural complexity of the Bowland Shale, and defining possible pathways for fracture propagation. A combination of counting-box, dispersion, covariance and 2D mapping approaches were used to determine that the total surface of each lamina is 3 to 11 times larger than the scale of heterogeneities relative to mineral proportion and size. The dispersion approach seems to be the preferential technique for determining the representative elementary area (REA) of phase area fraction for these highly heterogeneous large samples, supported by 2D quantitative mapping of the same parameter. Representative microstructural models were developed using Voronoï tessellation using these characteristic scales. These models encapsulate the microstructural features required to simulate fluid flow through these porous Bowland Shales at the mesoscale., Geo-engineering
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- 2018
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23. Visualising the 3D microstructure of stained and native intervertebral discs using X-ray microtomography
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Disney, CM, Madi, K, Bodey, AJ, Lee, PD, Hoyland, JA, and Sherratt, MJ
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Science & Technology ,ResearchInstitutes_Networks_Beacons/MICRA ,lcsh:R ,lcsh:Medicine ,DEGENERATION ,ANULUS FIBROSUS ,COLLAGEN ,PREVALENCE ,Multidisciplinary Sciences ,ANNULUS FIBROSUS ,Manchester Institute for Collaborative Research on Ageing ,MICROCT ,Science & Technology - Other Topics ,ELECTRON TOMOGRAMS ,lcsh:Q ,CONTRAST AGENTS ,lcsh:Science ,HIGH-RESOLUTION ,LOW-BACK-PAIN - Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is linked to low back pain. Microstructural changes during degeneration have previously been imaged using 2D sectioning techniques and 3D methods which are limited to small specimens and prone to inducing artefacts from sample preparation. This study explores micro computed X-ray tomography (microCT) methods with the aim of resolving IVD 3D microstructure whilst minimising sample preparation artefacts. Low X-ray absorption contrast in non-mineralised tissue can be enhanced using staining and phase contrast techniques. A step-wise approach, including comparing three stains, was used to develop microCT for bovine tail IVD using microfocus tube (‘laboratory’) and synchrotron sources. Staining successfully contrasted collagenous structures; however not all regions were stained and the procedure induced macroscopic structural changes. Phase contrast microCT of chemically fixed yet unstained samples resolved the nucleus pulposus, annulus fibrosus and constituent lamellae, and finer structures including collagen bundles and cross-bridges. Using the same imaging methods native tissue scans were of slightly lower contrast but free from sample processing artefacts. In the future these methods may be used to characterise structural remodelling in soft (non-calcified) tissues and to conduct in situ studies of native loaded tissues and constructs to characterise their 3D mechanical properties.
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- 2017
24. Visualising the 3D microstructure of stained and native intervertebral discs using X-ray microtomography
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Disney, C. M., primary, Madi, K., additional, Bodey, A. J., additional, Lee, P. D., additional, Hoyland, J. A., additional, and Sherratt, M. J., additional
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- 2017
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25. Endochondral Growth Defect and Deployment of Transient Chondrocyte Behaviors Underlie Osteoarthritis Onset in a Natural Murine Model
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Staines, Katherine, Madi, K., Mirczuk, S.m., Parker, S., Burleigh, A., Poulet, B., Hopkinson, M., Bodey, A.j., Fowkes, R.c., Farquharson, C., Lee, P.d., Pitsillides, A.a., and Engineering & Physical Science Research Council (E
- Subjects
Biomedical Science Research Group ,QP Physiology ,Science & Technology ,DEGENERATIVE JOINT DISEASE ,Immunology ,ARTICULAR-CARTILAGE FORMATION ,PLATE CARTILAGE ,KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS ,BONE-GROWTH ,STR/Ort mice, transient chondrocyte behaviors, ossification ,COLLAGEN ,STR/ORT MICE ,571 Physiology & related subjects ,Rheumatology ,Health ,Immunology and Allergy ,MOUSE KNEE ,SYNOVIAL JOINT ,Life Sciences & Biomedicine ,GENE-EXPRESSION - Abstract
Objective To explore whether aberrant transient chondrocyte behaviors occur in the joints of STR/Ort mice (which spontaneously develop osteoarthritis [OA]) and whether they are attributable to an endochondral growth defect. Methods Knee joints from STR/Ort mice with advanced OA and age-matched CBA (control) mice were examined by Affymetrix microarray profiling, multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis, and immunohistochemical labeling of endochondral markers, including sclerostin and MEPE. The endochondral phenotype of STR/Ort mice was analyzed by histologic examination, micro-computed tomography, and ex vivo organ culture. A novel protocol for quantifying bony bridges across the murine epiphysis (growth plate fusion) using synchrotron x-ray computed microtomography was developed and applied. Results Meta-analysis of transcription profiles showed significant elevation in functions linked with endochondral ossification in STR/Ort mice (compared to CBA mice; P < 0.05). Consistent with this, immunolabeling revealed increased matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP-13) and type X collagen expression in STR/Ort mouse joints, and multiplex quantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR showed differential expression of known mineralization regulators, suggesting an inherent chondrocyte defect. Support for the notion of an endochondral defect included accelerated growth, increased zone of growth plate proliferative chondrocytes (P < 0.05), and widespread type X collagen/MMP-13 labeling beyond the expected hypertrophic zone distribution. OA development involved concomitant focal suppression of sclerostin/MEPE in STR/Ort mice. Our novel synchrotron radiation microtomography method showed increased numbers (P < 0.001) and mean areal growth plate bridge densities (P < 0.01) in young and aged STR/Ort mice compared to age-matched CBA mice. Conclusion Taken together, our data support the notion of an inherent endochondral defect that is linked to growth dynamics and subject to regulation by the MEPE/sclerostin axis and may represent an underlying mechanism of pathologic ossification in OA.
- Published
- 2015
26. Profil épidémiologique des cancers de l’enfant dans l’Ouest Algérien
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Heroual, N., primary, Boumeddane, A., additional, Madi, K., additional, Azza, F., additional, Bouras, S., additional, and Houti, L., additional
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- 2016
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27. Approche de mise en place d’une démarche d’évaluation de la qualité des soins dans un hôpital spécialisé en oncologie dans l’Ouest Algérien, Oran, Algérie
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Heroual, N., primary, Azza, F., additional, Bouras, S., additional, Madi, K., additional, and Houti, L., additional
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- 2016
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28. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor promotes eosinophil accumulation and tissue remodeling in eosinophilic esophagitis
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de Souza, H S, primary, Tortori, C A, additional, Lintomen, L, additional, Figueiredo, R T, additional, Bernardazzi, C, additional, Leng, L, additional, Bucala, R, additional, Madi, K, additional, Buongusto, F, additional, Elia, C C S, additional, Castelo-Branco, M T L, additional, and Bozza, M T, additional
- Published
- 2015
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29. Acute Heart Failure and Coronary Blood Flow in ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Patients Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: An Observational Cohort Study.
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Elkammash A, Abdelhamid M, Sobhy M, Zaki A, Sadaka M, Omoniyi ON, Alsinan M, Farahat RM, Al Sattouf A, and Madi K
- Abstract
Background and objective The Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) study showed poor outcomes in ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients with acute heart failure (AHF) at hospital admission in terms of increased in-hospital and six-month mortality and readmission rates. In this study, we aimed to examine the effects of AHF at the time of admission on the coronary thrombus burden and post-primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) coronary flow among STEMI patients. Methods We conducted a cohort study involving 210 consecutive STEMI patients who presented to a single PPCI centre between June 2016 and January 2017. We classified them into two groups based on their Killip class at the time of presentation to the emergency department: no heart failure (NHF) and AHF groups. The primary outcome was the incidence of Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) flow grade of less than 3 in the stented coronary artery in the absence of mechanical obstruction or dissection (also known as no-reflow). The secondary outcome was the presence of a heavy thrombus burden (TIMI grade 4 or 5) at the time of angiography. Results The AHF group had a significantly higher incidence of no-reflow than the NHF group (25% vs. 8.4%, p=0.019). However, the prevalence of heavy thrombus burden did not differ significantly between the two groups (50% in the AHF group vs. 43.16% in the NHF group, p=0.557). The multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that AHF was an independent predictor of no-reflow in STEMI patients post-PPCI [Odds ratio (OR): 3.59, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.09-11.83, p=0.035]. Conclusion Based on our findings, AHF is associated with an increased risk of no-reflow in STEMI patients post-PPCI, irrespective of the coronary thrombus load., Competing Interests: The first and corresponding author (Dr Amr Elkammash) worked as a Cardiology specialist in the International Cardiac Center, Alexandria, Egypt, at the time when the study was carried out, and his current affiliation represents his most recent place of work. The study’s abstract was presented at the Acute Cardiovascular Care Conference held in Marseille, France in 2023, and was published in the ESC Acute Cardiovascular Care journal supplement in May 2023. However, the detailed manuscript has never been published before., (Copyright © 2023, Elkammash et al.)
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- 2023
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30. Quality of reporting of adverse events in clinical trials of covid-19 drugs: systematic review.
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Madi K, Flumian C, Olivier P, Sommet A, and Montastruc F
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Objective: To assess the quality of reporting of adverse events in clinical trials of covid-19 drugs based on the CONSORT (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials) harms extension and according to clinical trial design, and to examine reporting of serious adverse events in drug trials published on PubMed versus clinical trial summaries on ClinicalTrials.gov., Design: Systematic review., Data Sources: PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov registries were searched from 1 December 2019 to 17 February 2022., Eligibility Criteria for Selecting Studies: Randomised clinical trials evaluating the efficacy and safety of drugs used to treat covid-19 disease in participants of all ages with suspected, probable, or confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection were included. Clinical trials were screened on title, abstract, and text by two authors independently. Only articles published in French and English were selected. The Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomised trials (RoB 2) was used to assess risk of bias., Results: The search strategy identified 1962 randomised clinical trials assessing the efficacy and safety of drugs used to treat covid-19, published in the PubMed database; 1906 articles were excluded after screening and 56 clinical trials were included in the review. Among the 56 clinical trials, no study had a high score for quality of reporting of adverse events, 60.7% had a moderate score, 33.9% had a low score, and 5.4% had a very low score. All clinical trials with a very low score for quality of reporting of adverse events were randomised open label trials. For reporting of serious adverse events, journal articles published on PubMed under-reported 51% of serious adverse events compared with clinical trial summaries published on ClinicalTrials.gov., Conclusions: In one in three published clinical trials on covid-19 drugs, the quality of reporting of adverse events was low or very low. Differences were found in the number of serious adverse events reported in journal articles versus clinical trial summaries. During the covid-19 pandemic, risk assessment of drugs in clinical trials of covid-19 drugs did not comply with good practice recommendations for publication of results., Systematic Review Registration: European Network of Centres for Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacovigilance (ENCePP) EUPAS45959., Competing Interests: Competing interests: All authors have completed the ICMJE uniform disclosure form at www.icmje.org/disclosure-of-interest/ and declare: support from the French National Research Agency (ANR Agence Nationale de la Recherche) for the submitted work; no financial relationships with any organisations that might have an interest in the submitted work in the previous three years; no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2023. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)
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- 2023
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31. The Effectiveness of Online Learning in Improving the Electrocardiogram Interpretation Skills of Junior Medical Trainees: A Mixed Methods Observational Study.
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Elkammash A, Ahmed MW, Alsinan M, and Madi K
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Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic hindered medical education and limited access to clinical skills training for trainee medical doctors, including electrocardiogram (ECG) interpretation. These restrictions prompted a shift towards virtual training environments and online learning. In this study, we assessed the impact of the pandemic on trainees' confidence and their perceived difficulty in independently interpreting ECGs. Additionally, we examined the effectiveness of two online learning approaches, namely lectures and case-solving webinars, in improving their skills. Methods The study was a mixed methods observational study conducted in three phases. In the first phase, a cross-sectional study was conducted to subjectively assess the trainees' confidence levels and the perceived difficulty independently reading ECGs. The second phase involved a cohort study where an online learning module consisting of eight lecture-based sessions was implemented. This module covered all the topics recommended in the foundation doctor training curriculum. The third phase also involved a cohort study where an online case-based discussion learning module with two problem-solving webinars was introduced. We assessed the outcomes on a 1 to 10 Likert scale for confidence and perceived difficulty in independently reading ECGs. Results Sixty-five trainees participated in the initial cross-sectional study. Among them, 100% of the participants reported substantial difficulty in interpreting ECGs (scoring 6 or more on the Likert scale), and 76.5% of the participants did not feel enough confidence to read ECGs independently (scoring 6 or less). Ten trainees attended the second phase. Online lectures significantly increased the mean confidence score by 1.9 points (t(9) = 2.82, p = 0.02, 95% confidence interval (CI) [0.38-3.42]) and significantly reduced the mean of the perceived difficulty score by 2.7 points (t(9) = 5.71, p < 0.001, 95% CI [1.63-3.77]). Compared to the online lectures, the online problem-solving sessions significantly increased the mean of the composite score of confidence and perceived difficulty in reading ECGs (-0.8 vs. 4 points, 95% CI [1.49, 8.26], p = 0.011). Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic negatively affected the ECG reading skills of junior medical trainees. However, the online teaching approach effectively improved their confidence and the level of difficulty they experienced in ECG interpretation. Applying online case problem-solving was found to be superior to the lecture-based approach in enhancing these parameters., Competing Interests: Posters of the project abstract were presented at the annual conference of the Royal College of Physicians (Medicine 2023, London) and will be published in the Clinical Medicine Journal. The study details were not published previously and are not under quarantine restrictions from any scientific or publishing body.. The first author (Amr Elkammash) has led this project during his work in West Suffolk Hospital NHS Foundation Trust in the past, and his reported affiliation represents the most recent affiliation., (Copyright © 2023, Elkammash et al.)
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- 2023
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32. Characterization of Hybrid FRP Composite Produced from Recycled PET and CFRP.
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Almahri G, Madi K, Alkaabi F, Badran Y, Shehadeh K, ElHassan A, Ahmed W, and Alzahmi S
- Abstract
In recent years, carbon fiber has experienced a significant surge in popularity attributed to its exceptional properties, including its high-temperature resistance, mechanical strength, and cost-effectiveness. Many industries have been attracted to the prevalent use of carbon-fiber-reinforced polymers or plastics (CFRP). However, the increasing demand for carbon fiber has created a waste recycling problem that needs to be addressed. This research aimed to develop a recycled composite using PET waste as a solution to the growing demand for both materials. The recycled carbon fibers were processed chemically and mechanically to generate power for this process. Various samples were tested with different proportions of CF (10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%) to analyze their mechanical properties. The recycled composites are examined under tensile test conditions to further explore the waste carbon reinforcement's effect on polymers' characteristics. Scanning electron microscopy was also utilized for mechanical morphology evaluations. After analyzing the data, it was found that samples containing 20% CF had the highest elastic modulus value among all the mixes. This is attributed to the reinforcing effect of the fibers. The Elasticity Modulus of the filaments increased with the concentration of CF, reaching its peak at 20% before decreasing. This trend is also apparent in the visual representations. When compared to recycling, the Elasticity Modulus value of 20% CF filament increased by 97.5%. The precise value for CF with a 20% filament is 4719.3 MPa. Moreover, the composite samples were analyzed using SEM to characterize them, and it was discovered that the incorporation of 20% CF/PET filler produced the composition with the highest strength.
- Published
- 2023
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33. Infectious endocarditis caused by Bartonella henselae associated with infected pets: two case reports.
- Author
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Gonçalves-Oliveira J, Damasco PV, Assis MRDS, Freitas DE, Pessoa Junior AA, de Sousa LS, Rodrigues NG, Damasco PH, Ribeiro PF, Barbosa GF, Moreira NS, Guedes JF, Coutinho HMDR, Madi K, and de Lemos ERS
- Subjects
- Humans, Animals, Cats, Dogs, Bartonella henselae, Endocarditis, Bacterial microbiology, Bartonella, Bartonella Infections complications, Bartonella Infections diagnosis, Bartonella Infections microbiology, Endocarditis complications
- Abstract
Background: Blood culture-negative infective endocarditis is a potentially severe disease that can be associated with infectious agents such as Bartonella spp., Coxiella burnetti, Tropheryma whipplei, and some fungi., Case Presentation: Reported here are two cases of blood culture-negative infective endocarditis in patients with severe aortic and mitral regurgitation in Brazil; the first case is a 47-year-old white man and the second is a 62-year-old white woman. Bartonella henselae deoxyribonucleic acid was detectable in the blood samples and cardiac valve with vegetation paraffin-fixed tissue samples. Additionally, an investigation was carried out on patients' pets, within the context of One Health, and serum samples collected from cats and dogs were reactive by indirect immunofluorescence assay., Conclusions: Even though the frequency of bartonellosis in Brazil is unknown, physicians should be aware of the possibility of blood culture-negative infective endocarditis caused by Bartonella, particularly in patients with weight loss, kidney changes, and epidemiological history for domestic animals., (© 2023. The Author(s).)
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- 2023
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34. Deformable Protein Shape Classification Based on Deep Learning, and the Fractional Fokker-Planck and Kähler-Dirac Equations.
- Author
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Paquet E, Viktor HL, Madi K, and Wu J
- Subjects
- Neural Networks, Computer, Algorithms, Deep Learning
- Abstract
The classification of deformable protein shapes, based solely on their macromolecular surfaces, is a challenging problem in protein-protein interaction prediction and protein design. Shape classification is made difficult by the fact that proteins are dynamic, flexible entities with high geometrical complexity. In this paper, we introduce a novel description for such deformable shapes. This description is based on the bifractional Fokker-Planck and Dirac-Kähler equations. These equations analyse and probe protein shapes in terms of a scalar, vectorial and non-commuting quaternionic field, allowing for a more comprehensive description of the protein shapes. An underlying non-Markovian Lévy random walk establishes geometrical relationships between distant regions while recalling previous analyses. Classification is performed with a multiobjective deep hierarchical pyramidal neural network, thus performing a multilevel analysis of the description. Our approach is applied to the SHREC'19 dataset for deformable protein shapes classification and to the SHREC'16 dataset for deformable partial shapes classification, demonstrating the effectiveness and generality of our approach.
- Published
- 2023
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35. Hypertensive Urgency Secondary to a Malignant Pheochromocytoma and Its Complex Treatment Course: A Case Report.
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Elkammash A, Alsinan M, Madi K, Abbas A, and Degheidy N
- Abstract
Pheochromocytoma originates from the chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla. It produces an excess of catecholamines. It is essentially a benign tumour, and the malignant type represents a minority. The malignant behaviour can be unclear in the absence of metastases. Factors of poor prognosis in malignant pheochromocytoma include male sex, old age, large-sized tumours, the presence of metastases at the time of diagnosis and non-surgical treatment. The cornerstone treatment of pheochromocytoma is surgical excision. In the presence of metastases, chemotherapy can control the symptoms and prolong survival. Its reported side effects are usually few and mild. This report presents a rare case of malignant pheochromocytoma in a 26-year-old gentleman that first manifested as a hypertensive urgency. The patient had several recurrences and multiple metastases despite two surgical excisions. Such poor outcome could not be predicted initially by the known risk factors. A non-previously reported complication of treatment was acute lower limb ischaemia after the start of chemotherapy for the tumour, depriving the patient of completing the course. In conclusion, the presence of hypertension in young adults warrants the investigation for pheochromocytoma. Postoperative follow-up is mandatory to pick up early signs of malignancy and metastasis. Tumour breakdown by chemotherapy can cause various cardiovascular problems including acute limb ischaemia. The management can be quite challenging, therefore, a multidisciplinary team should look after the case. A palliative approach can be used in patients with severe symptoms and no chance of cure., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2022, Elkammash et al.)
- Published
- 2022
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36. The Association Between Admission Heart Failure and In-Hospital Outcomes in ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Patients Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention.
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Elkammash A, Abdelhamid M, Sobhy M, Zaki A, Sadaka M, Alsinan M, Elbastawisi K, Abbas A, and Madi K
- Abstract
Background: The Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) study showed that admission HF is associated with longer hospital stay and higher mortality in ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients. No data are available on the effect of heart failure (HF) on the length of cardiac care unit (CCU) stay and in-hospital major adverse cardiac events (MACEs). The link between the severity of HF and the in-hospital prognosis is not established. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the unstudied outcomes in HF patients as well as to compare the outcomes across the spectrum of HF presentations., Methods: We studied 210 STEMI patients presenting to a single primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) center in a retrospective cohort pattern. We excluded those who received fibrinolysis, those who had chest pain for more than 24 h and those with previous stents and presenting with stent thrombosis. All the procedures followed the ethical standards of Alexandria University and the Helsinki Declaration., Results: STEMI patients with HF had significantly longer CCU stay (mean value of 3.6 vs. 2.87 days, P = 0.009), higher in-hospital MACE (55% vs. 4.7%, P < 0.001) and higher mortality (15% vs. 0.53%, P < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that HF is an independent predictor of in-hospital mortality (odds ratio (OR) = 9.11, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.66 - 49.9, P = 0.01). The patients with severe HF on admission (Killip III and IV) tended to stay longer in the CCU (4.13 ± 1.89 days vs. 3.25 ± 1.54 days, P = 0.069) and the hospital (5.88 ± 3.09 vs. 4.42 ± 2.47 days, P = 0.077), compared to those with mild HF (Killip II). There was a tendency for a higher incidence of in-hospital MACE (75% vs. 33%, P = 0.068) and mortality (16.7% vs. 12.5%, P = 0.798) in the former group compared to the latter. The differences among HF subgroups did not reach the point of statistical significance though., Conclusions: The presence of HF on the admission of STEMI patients undergoing PPCI is associated with longer CCU stay, higher in-hospital MACE and mortality., Competing Interests: None to declare., (Copyright 2022, Elkammash et al.)
- Published
- 2022
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37. Effect of Sex on Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio and Coronary Flow in ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Patients Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention.
- Author
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Elkammash A, Sobhy M, Zaki A, Ayad S, Kanaan S, Fadul M, and Madi K
- Abstract
Background: Female patients show poorer outcomes after coronary interventions compared to males. This study aims to investigate the role of enhanced inflammatory response in female ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients in poor outcomes post primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI)., Methods: This study included 120 STEMI patients who went to PPCI in two tertiary cardiac centers over 6 months. All STEMI patients who are eligible for PPCI are included. We excluded those who had previous coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) with venous grafts, previous PCI with in-stent restenosis (ISR), and those who had signs of infection on admission. These are then divided into two groups according to sex (males and females). Impaired coronary flow (also known as no-reflow) is defined as a coronary TIMI (thrombolysis in myocardial infarction) flow less than 3 after PCI in the absence of mechanical coronary occlusion., Results: The studied groups included 88 males and 32 females. The median age in females was higher than males (62 vs. 57.5 years respectively, P = 0.005). The prevalence of hypertension (34 vs. 21 patients, P = 0.01), non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) (22 vs. 16 patients, P = 0.01) and smoking (61 vs. 0 patients, P < 0.001) was higher in male patients. The incidence of impaired coronary flow did not differ significantly between the two groups (10 males and six females, P = 0.363). The median neutrophil to lymphocyte (N/L) ratio showed to be non-significantly higher in females (5 in males vs. 6 in females, P = 0.342). However, the mean N/L ratio was significantly higher in female patients with impaired coronary flow compared to males (9.35 vs. 5.79, P = 0.003)., Conclusions: The enhanced inflammatory response in female STEMI patients may be responsible for poorer outcomes after PPCI. Larger-scale studies are required to define immune mechanisms as a potential target to improve outcomes in STEMI patients., Competing Interests: None to declare., (Copyright 2022, Elkammash et al.)
- Published
- 2022
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38. Characterisation of Growth Plate Dynamics in Murine Models of Osteoarthritis.
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Samvelyan HJ, Madi K, Törnqvist AE, Javaheri B, and Staines KA
- Subjects
- Animals, Cartilage, Articular pathology, Cartilage, Articular physiopathology, Chondrocytes pathology, Chondrocytes physiology, Disease Models, Animal, Disease Progression, Growth Plate pathology, Knee Joint pathology, Male, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Osteoarthritis, Knee pathology, X-Ray Microtomography, Bone Development physiology, Growth Plate physiopathology, Osteoarthritis, Knee physiopathology
- Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate growth plate dynamics in surgical and loading murine models of osteoarthritis, to understand whether abnormalities in these dynamics are associated with osteoarthritis development. 8-week-old C57BL/6 male mice underwent destabilisation of medial meniscus (DMM) ( n = 8) surgery in right knee joints. Contralateral left knee joints had no intervention (controls). In 16-week-old C57BL/6 male mice ( n = 6), osteoarthritis was induced using non-invasive mechanical loading of right knee joints with peak force of 11N. Non-loaded left knee joints were internal controls. Chondrocyte transiency in tibial articular cartilage and growth plate was confirmed by histology and immunohistochemistry. Tibial subchondral bone parameters were measured using microCT and correlated to 3-dimensional (3D) growth plate bridging analysis. Higher expression of chondrocyte hypertrophy markers; Col10a1 and MMP13 were observed in tibial articular cartilage chondrocytes of DMM and loaded mice. In tibial growth plate, Col10a1 and MMP13 expressions were widely expressed in a significantly enlarged zone of proliferative and hypertrophic chondrocytes in DMM ( p =0.002 and p <0.0001, respectively) and loaded (both p <0.0001) tibiae of mice compared to their controls. 3D quantification revealed enriched growth plate bridging and higher bridge densities in medial compared to lateral tibiae of DMM and loaded knee joints of the mice. Growth plate dynamics were associated with increased subchondral bone volume fraction (BV/TV; %) in medial tibiae of DMM and loaded knee joints and epiphyseal trabecular bone volume fraction in medial tibiae of loaded knee joints. The results confirm articular cartilage chondrocyte transiency in a surgical and loaded murine models of osteoarthritis. Herein, we reveal spatial variation of growth plate bridging in surgical and loaded osteoarthritis models and how these may contribute to anatomical variation in vulnerability of osteoarthritis development., Competing Interests: The research leading to these results has received technical support from 3Dmagination Ltd, Didcot, UK. KM is co-founder and director of 3Dmagination Ltd in Oxfordshire, UK, a company which provides training and consultancy in 3D and 4D imaging. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2021 Samvelyan, Madi, Törnqvist, Javaheri and Staines.)
- Published
- 2021
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39. Fecal calprotectin as a noninvasive test to predict deep remission in patients with ulcerative colitis.
- Author
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Malvão LDR, Madi K, Esberard BC, de Amorim RF, Silva KDS, Farias E Silva K, de Souza HSP, and Carvalho ATP
- Subjects
- Adult, Biomarkers metabolism, Colitis, Ulcerative pathology, Cross-Sectional Studies, Feces chemistry, Female, Humans, Intestinal Mucosa pathology, Leukocyte L1 Antigen Complex analysis, Male, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Remission Induction, Colitis, Ulcerative metabolism, Leukocyte L1 Antigen Complex metabolism
- Abstract
Abstract: Mucosal healing (MH) has become a major target in the management of ulcerative colitis (UC). Because repeat endoscopy is expensive and invasive, we aimed to evaluate fecal calprotectin (FC) as an alternative marker to predict MH in UC.Eighty patients with UC in clinical remission were consecutively included in a prospective observational study. FC was measured using a quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The colonic mucosa was assessed for endoscopic and histological measures of inflammatory status. Endoscopic and histological remission were defined according to the Mayo endoscopic subscore (MES) and Geboes score (GS), respectively. Deep remission was defined as a combination of the MES and GS. FC performance and cutoff values for identifying MH and deep remission were determined using contingency tables and receiver operator characteristic (ROC) and area under the curve (AUC) analysis.The median FC concentration in patients who met the criteria for deep remission (MES ≤1 and GS < 3.1) was 65.5 μg/g, while that in patients with disease activity was 389.6 μg/g (P = .025). A FC cutoff value of 100 μg/g, determined by the ROC analysis, resulted in sensitivity and specificity of 91.7% and 57.1%, respectively, for histological remission, and 82.4% and 60.9%, respectively, for deep mucosal remission. Positive correlations were detected between FC concentrations with the histologic (CC: 0.435; P < .001) and the combined endoscopic and histologic (CC: 0.413; P < .001) scores.FC can be used confidently as a noninvasive biomarker to predict deep remission in patients with UC in clinical remission when concentrations are below 100 μg/g., Competing Interests: The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose., (Copyright © 2021 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.)
- Published
- 2021
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40. Geological and geophysical assessment of groundwater contamination at the Roundhill landfill site, Berlin, Eastern Cape, South Africa.
- Author
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Mepaiyeda S, Madi K, Gwavava O, and Baiyegunhi C
- Abstract
An integrated geological assessment of groundwater contamination was carried out to determine the nature of the subsurface as well as establish linkages between groundwater and contaminants in the vicinity of the Roundhill landfill, South Africa. Quantitative analysis involved measurement of physico-chemical properties of groundwater samples from two boreholes and a leachate pond within the landfill. Qualitative assessment involved combined measurements of electrical resistivity and time domain induced polarization (IP) across three profiles, using the double-dipole array. The physico-chemical analysis results show the presence of heavy metals (i.e.mercury, lead and arsenic) in groundwater samples in concentrations above the general acceptable limits. Perhaps, the high concentration of these metals could be due to the dumping of toxic and hazardous waste substances on the landfill, contrary to the landfill design and classification. Resistivity and IP pseudo-sections revealed a 4-layered earth structure and anomalous zones of resistivity (≤112 Ω-m) and low chargeability (≤1.25 ms) in the top layers. This is indicative of percolating leachate plume in the unsaturated zone. Despite the fact that layer lithologies and stratigraphy pose low risk to groundwater contamination, structural controls such as fractures in the bedrock are favourably disposed to the percolation of contaminants into the groundwater over time. Proper waste classification and inspection should be carried out on the landfill prior to waste disposal., (© 2020 The Authors.)
- Published
- 2020
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41. Large Left Ventricular Fibroma: Case Report and Literature Review.
- Author
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Anwar AS, Salem MI, Beltagy R, Madi K, and Elwatidy AMF
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Echocardiography, Fibroma diagnostic imaging, Fibroma pathology, Fibroma surgery, Heart Neoplasms diagnostic imaging, Heart Neoplasms pathology, Heart Neoplasms surgery, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Radiography, Thoracic, Fibroma diagnosis, Heart Neoplasms diagnosis, Heart Ventricles diagnostic imaging, Heart Ventricles pathology, Heart Ventricles surgery
- Abstract
Benign cardiac tumors are rare and fibroma is second to rhabdomyoma in frequency in pediatric cardiac tumors. We report a case of a 14-year-old male patient, who presented with shortness of breath for 2 years. Echocardiogram and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging indicated a large mass located in the left ventricular lateral wall. The patient underwent surgical excision of the tumor, and histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of a cardiac fibroma. The patient had a good postoperative recovery and was discharged on sixth postoperative day.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
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42. In situ characterization of nanoscale strains in loaded whole joints via synchrotron X-ray tomography.
- Author
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Madi K, Staines KA, Bay BK, Javaheri B, Geng H, Bodey AJ, Cartmell S, Pitsillides AA, and Lee PD
- Subjects
- Animals, Chondrocytes ultrastructure, Imaging, Three-Dimensional, Joints ultrastructure, Male, Mice, Nanostructures, Osteoarthritis diagnostic imaging, Osteoarthritis pathology, Stress, Mechanical, Joints diagnostic imaging, Synchrotrons, Tomography, X-Ray methods
- Abstract
Imaging techniques for quantifying changes in the hierarchical structure of deforming joints are constrained by destructive sample treatments, sample-size restrictions and lengthy scan times. Here, we report the use of fast low-dose pink-beam synchrotron X-ray tomography in combination with mechanical loading at nanometric precision for in situ imaging, at resolutions below 100 nm, of the mechanical strain in intact untreated joints under physiologically realistic conditions. We show that in young, older and osteoarthritic mice, hierarchical changes in tissue structure and mechanical behaviour can be simultaneously visualized, and that the tissue structure at the cellular level correlates with the mechanical performance of the whole joint. We also use the tomographic approach to study the colocalization of tissue strains to specific chondrocyte lacunar organizations within intact loaded joints and to explore the role of calcified-cartilage stiffness on the biomechanics of healthy and pathological joints.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
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43. The development of a high throughput drug-responsive model of white adipose tissue comprising adipogenic 3T3-L1 cells in a 3D matrix.
- Author
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Graham AD, Pandey R, Tsancheva VS, Candeo A, Botchway SW, Allan AJ, Teboul L, Madi K, Babra TS, Zolkiewski LAK, Xue X, Bentley L, Gannon J, Olof SN, and Cox RD
- Subjects
- 3T3-L1 Cells, Adipocytes cytology, Adipocytes drug effects, Adipocytes metabolism, Adipokines metabolism, Adipose Tissue cytology, Adipose Tissue drug effects, Adipose Tissue metabolism, Animals, Drug Evaluation, Preclinical instrumentation, Mice, Rosiglitazone pharmacology, Spheroids, Cellular cytology, Spheroids, Cellular drug effects, Spheroids, Cellular metabolism, Drug Evaluation, Preclinical methods, High-Throughput Screening Assays methods
- Abstract
Adipose models have been applied to mechanistic studies of metabolic diseases (such as diabetes) and the subsequent discovery of new therapeutics. However, typical models are either insufficiently complex (2D cell cultures) or expensive and labor intensive (mice/in vivo). To bridge the gap between these models and in order to better inform pre-clinical studies we have developed a drug-responsive 3D model of white adipose tissue (WAT). Here, spheroids (680 ± 60 μm) comprising adipogenic 3T3-L1 cells encapsulated in 3D matrix were fabricated manually on a 96 well scale. Spheroids were highly characterised for lipid morphology, selected metabolite and adipokine secretion, and gene expression; displaying significant upregulation of certain adipogenic-specific genes compared with a 2D model. Furthermore, induction of lipolysis and promotion of lipogenesis in spheroids could be triggered by exposure to 8-br-cAMP and oleic-acid respectively. Metabolic and high content imaging data of spheroids exposed to an adipose-targeting drug, rosiglitazone, resulted in dose-responsive behavior. Thus, our 3D WAT model has potential as a powerful scalable tool for compound screening and for investigating adipose biology.
- Published
- 2019
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44. Protective effect of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal cells in an experimental model of high-risk colonic anastomosis.
- Author
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Alvarenga V Jr, Silva PTD, Bonfá ND, Pêgo B, Nanini H, Bernardazzi C, Madi K, Baetas da Cruz W, Castelo-Branco MT, de Souza HSP, and Schanaider A
- Subjects
- Anastomosis, Surgical adverse effects, Anastomosis, Surgical methods, Anastomotic Leak etiology, Animals, Colitis chemically induced, Disease Models, Animal, Humans, Male, Rats, Rats, Wistar, Treatment Outcome, Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid toxicity, Anastomotic Leak prevention & control, Colitis surgery, Colon surgery, Intra-Abdominal Fat cytology, Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation methods
- Abstract
Background: Dehiscence of intestinal anastomosis results in high morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of locally administered adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal cells in a model of high-risk colonic anastomosis in rats., Methods: Seven days after induction of colitis with 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid, Wistar rats were submitted to a transection of the descending colon followed by end-to-end anastomosis and were then treated with 2×10
6 adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (from the preperitoneal fat) or an acellular culture solution instilled onto the surface of the anastomosis. At day 14, after macroscopic survey of the abdominal cavity, the anastomotic area was submitted to histologic and immunohistochemical analysis, evaluation of myeloperoxidase activity, fibrosis, epithelial integrity, NF-κ B activation, expression of inflammatory cytokines, and extracellular matrix-related genes., Results: Anastomotic leakage and mortality associated with high-risk anastomosis decreased with treatment with adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (P < .03). Application of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal cells resulted in lower histologic scores (P = .011), decreased deposition of collagen fibers (P = .003), preservation of goblet cells (P = .033), decreased myeloperoxidase activity (P = .012), decreased accumulation of CD4+ T-cells (P = .014) and macrophages (P = .011) in the lamina propria, a decrease in the number of apoptotic cells (P = .008), and the activation of NF-κ B (P = .036). Overexpression of IL-17, TNF-α , IFN-γ, and metalloproteinases in the acellular culture solution-treated, high-risk anastomosis group decreased (P < .05) to near normal values with adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal cells treatment., Conclusion: Improvements in outcomes of a high-risk colonic anastomosis with adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal cells therapy reflect the immunomodulatory activity and healing effect of these cells, even after just topical administration and reinforces their use in future translational research., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2019
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45. A Computed Microtomography Method for Understanding Epiphyseal Growth Plate Fusion.
- Author
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Staines KA, Madi K, Javaheri B, Lee PD, and Pitsillides AA
- Abstract
The epiphyseal growth plate is a developmental region responsible for linear bone growth, in which chondrocytes undertake a tightly regulated series of biological processes. Concomitant with the cessation of growth and sexual maturation, the human growth plate undergoes progressive narrowing, and ultimately disappears. Despite the crucial role of this growth plate fusion "bridging" event, the precise mechanisms by which it is governed are complex and yet to be established. Progress is hindered by the current methods for growth plate visualization; these are invasive and largely rely on histological procedures. Here, we describe our non-invasive method utilizing synchrotron X-ray computed microtomography for the examination of growth plate bridging, which ultimately leads to its closure coincident with termination of further longitudinal bone growth. We then apply this method to a dataset obtained from a benchtop micro computed tomography scanner to highlight its potential for wide usage. Furthermore, we conduct finite element modeling at the micron-scale to reveal the effects of growth plate bridging on local tissue mechanics. Employment of these 3D analyses of growth plate bone bridging is likely to advance our understanding of the physiological mechanisms that control growth plate fusion., Competing Interests: Conflict of Interest Statement: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
- Published
- 2018
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- View/download PDF
46. In Vivo Endoluminal Ultrasound Biomicroscopy and Endoscopy of Inflamed Rat Esophagus.
- Author
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de Magalhães Gomes R, Soletti RC, Soldan M, Madi K, Foster FS, and Machado JC
- Subjects
- Animals, Disease Models, Animal, Esophagitis diagnostic imaging, Esophagitis pathology, Male, Rats, Rats, Wistar, Endoscopy methods, Esophagitis diagnosis, Esophagus diagnostic imaging, Microscopy, Acoustic methods
- Abstract
The development of high-frequency endoscopic ultrasound for the investigation of models of esophageal disease may offer insights for future translation to human imaging. With respect to small animal models of esophageal diseases, ultrasound imaging instrumentation must employ frequencies scaled up to maintain the compromise between image resolution and inspected region. In this sense, a 40-MHz endoluminal ultrasound biomicroscopy (eUBM) system and an endoscope were tested as diagnostic methods of imaging rat esophageal lesions in the acute and chronic phases caused by sodium hydroxide. Although endoscopy allowed grading of the esophagus in accordance with a classification specific to the epithelial alterations and including hyperemia, edema, exudates, fibrin and superficial and deep ulcerations, the eUBM images yielded the detection of superficial and deep ulcerations, as well as wall alterations caused by edema and inflammatory infiltrate in the submucosa. Additionally, eUBM enabled wall thickness measurements, which were statistically significantly increased (p < 0.05) in the acute phase., (Copyright © 2016 World Federation for Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. A correlative imaging based methodology for accurate quantitative assessment of bone formation in additive manufactured implants.
- Author
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Geng H, Todd NM, Devlin-Mullin A, Poologasundarampillai G, Kim TB, Madi K, Cartmell S, Mitchell CA, Jones JR, and Lee PD
- Subjects
- Animals, Bone Regeneration, Male, Prostheses and Implants, Rats, Rats, Wistar, Surface Properties, Bone and Bones physiology, Tissue Scaffolds, Titanium, X-Ray Microtomography methods
- Abstract
A correlative imaging methodology was developed to accurately quantify bone formation in the complex lattice structure of additive manufactured implants. Micro computed tomography (μCT) and histomorphometry were combined, integrating the best features from both, while demonstrating the limitations of each imaging modality. This semi-automatic methodology registered each modality using a coarse graining technique to speed the registration of 2D histology sections to high resolution 3D μCT datasets. Once registered, histomorphometric qualitative and quantitative bone descriptors were directly correlated to 3D quantitative bone descriptors, such as bone ingrowth and bone contact. The correlative imaging allowed the significant volumetric shrinkage of histology sections to be quantified for the first time (~15 %). This technique demonstrated the importance of location of the histological section, demonstrating that up to a 30 % offset can be introduced. The results were used to quantitatively demonstrate the effectiveness of 3D printed titanium lattice implants.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
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48. Chondroid Syringoma of the Foot: A Rare Diagnosis.
- Author
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Madi K, Attanasio A, Cecunjanin F, Garcia RA, Vidershayn A, and Lucido JV
- Subjects
- Adenoma, Pleomorphic surgery, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Sweat Gland Neoplasms surgery, Adenoma, Pleomorphic diagnosis, Sweat Gland Neoplasms diagnosis
- Abstract
Chondroid syringoma is a rare tumor with the potential for malignant transformation and distant metastasis. The site of predilection for benign chondroid syringoma is the head and neck region, and it is less likely to involve the foot. In contrast, malignant chondroid syringoma is more commonly encountered in the extremities and is characterized by rapid growth, local invasion, and distant metastasis. We report an unusual case of benign chondroid syringoma in a 47-year-old female who presented with a 20-year history of a mass in her left foot to bring such cases to the attention of foot and ankle specialists. We highlight the histologic diagnosis and surgical procedures with a 6-month postoperative follow-up period. It is unlikely that a treating physician would anticipate this histologic tumor type, considering the rarity of the condition, the long history of this patient's lesion, and the benign presentation in the extremities., (Copyright © 2016 American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Ischemia-reperfusion rat model of acute pancreatitis: protein carbonyl as a putative early biomarker of pancreatic injury.
- Author
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Schanaider A, de Carvalho TP, de Oliveira Coelho S, Renteria JM, Eleuthério EC, Castelo-Branco MT, Madi K, Baetas-da-Cruz W, and de Souza HS
- Subjects
- Animals, Cytokines analysis, Disease Models, Animal, Female, Peroxidase analysis, Rats, Wistar, Biomarkers analysis, Pancreatitis, Acute Necrotizing diagnosis, Pancreatitis, Acute Necrotizing pathology, Protein Carbonylation, Reperfusion Injury pathology
- Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an inflammatory disorder that can affect adjacent and/or remote organs. Some evidence indicates that the production of reactive oxygen species is able to induce AP. Protein carbonyl (PC) derivatives, which can also be generated through oxidative cleavage mechanisms, have been implicated in several diseases, but there is little or no information on this biomarker in AP. We investigated the association between some inflammatory mediators and PC, with the severity of ischemia-reperfusion AP. Wistar rats (n = 56) were randomly assigned in the following groups : control; sham, 15- or 180-min clamping of splenic artery, with 24 or 72 h of follow-up. The relationships between serum level of PC and thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) to myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in tissue homogenates and to cytokines in culture supernatants of pancreatic samples were analyzed. MPO activity was related to the histology scores and increased in all clamping groups. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 were higher in the 180-min groups. Significant correlations were found between MPO activity and the concentrations of TNF-α and IL-1β. PC levels increased in the 15-min to 24-h group. TBARS levels were not altered substantially. MPO activity and TNF-α and IL-1β concentrations in pancreatic tissue are correlated with AP severity. Serum levels of PC appear to begin to rise early in the course of the ischemia-reperfusion AP and are no longer detected at later stages in the absence of severe pancreatitis. These data suggest that PC can be an efficient tool for the diagnosis of early stages of AP.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
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