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3. Future Vision for Climate Change Associated Livestock Production

Author

Sejian, Veerasamy, Chauhan, Surinder Singh, Devaraj, Chinnasamy, Malik, Pradeep Kumar, Vadhana, E., Silpa, M. V., Shashank, C. G., Bhatta, Raghavendra, Sejian, Veerasamy, editor, Chauhan, Surinder Singh, editor, Devaraj, Chinnasamy, editor, Malik, Pradeep Kumar, editor, and Bhatta, Raghavendra, editor

Published
2021
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7. Dairy Farms in an Urbanising Environment: Tradeoffs Between Productivity and Animal Welfare

Author

Pinto, Ana, Yin, Tong, Reichenbach, Marion, Malik, Pradeep Kumar, Schlecht, Eva, König, Sven, Angelidou, Margarita, Editorial Board Member, Farnaz Arefian, Fatemeh, Editorial Board Member, Batty, Michael, Editorial Board Member, Davoudi, Simin, Editorial Board Member, DeVerteuil, Geoffrey, Editorial Board Member, Jones, Paul, Editorial Board Member, Kirby, Andrew, Editorial Board Member, Kropf, Karl, Editorial Board Member, Lucas, Karen, Editorial Board Member, Maretto, Marco, Editorial Board Member, Modarres, Ali, Editorial Board Member, Neuhaus, Fabian, Editorial Board Member, Nijhuis, Steffen, Editorial Board Member, Aráujo de Oliveira, Vitor Manuel, Editorial Board Member, Silver, Christopher, Editorial Board Member, Strappa, Giuseppe, Editorial Board Member, Vojnovic, Igor, Editorial Board Member, Whitehand, Jeremy W. R., Editorial Board Member, Yamu, Claudia, Editorial Board Member, Hoffmann, Ellen, editor, Buerkert, Andreas, editor, von Cramon-Taubadel, Stephan, editor, Umesh, Kotrakere Basegowda, editor, Pethandlahalli Shivaraj, Prasannakumar, editor, and Vazhacharickal, Prem José, editor

Published
2021
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8. Effect of Padina gymnospora biowaste inclusion on in vitro methane production, feed fermentation, and microbial diversity.

Author

Mohapatra, Archit, Trivedi, Shraddha, Kolte, Atul P., Tejpal, Chaluvanahalli S., Elavarasan, Krishnamoorthy, Vaswani, Shalini, Malik, Pradeep Kumar, Ravishankar, Chandragiri Nagarajarao, and Bhatta, Raghavendra

Subjects
FERMENTATION of feeds, MICROBIAL diversity, FEED analysis, CINNAMIC acid, METHANE
Abstract

In vitro studies were undertaken aiming to study the methane (CH4) mitigation potential of biowaste (BW) of Padina gymnospora at the graded inclusion of 0% (C), 2% (A2), 5% (A5), and 10% (A10) of the diet composed of straw and concentrate in 40:60 ratio. The chemical composition analysis revealed that the BW contained higher crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and ether extract (EE) than the PF (fresh seaweed, P. gymnospora). The concentration of cinnamic acid, sinapic acid, kaempferol, fisetin p-coumaric acid, ellagic acid, and luteolin in BW was 1.5-6-folds less than the PF. Inclusion of BW decreased (P < 0.0001) CH4 production by 34%, 38%, and 45% in A2, A5, and A10 treatments, respectively. A decrease (P < 0.0001) of 7.5%-8% in dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) digestibility was also recorded with the BW supplementation. The BW inclusion also decreased the numbers of total (P = 0.007), Entodinomorphs (P = 0.011), and Holotrichs (P = 0.004) protozoa. Metagenome data revealed the dominance of Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Fibrobacter microbial phyla. At the phylum level, Euryarchaeota dominated the archaeal community, whereas Methanobrevibacter was most abundant at the genus level. It can be concluded that the inclusion of BWin straw and concentrate based diet by affecting rumen fermentation, protozoal numbers, and compositional shift in the archaeal community significantly decreased CH4 production. Utilization of biowaste of P. gymnospora as a CH4 mitigating agent will ensure its efficient utilization rather than dumping, which shall cause environmental pollution and health hazards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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9. Oat Brewery Waste Decreased Methane Production and Alters Rumen Fermentation, Microbiota Composition, and CAZymes Profiles.

Author

Malik, Pradeep Kumar, Trivedi, Shraddha, Mohapatra, Archit, Kolte, Atul Purshottam, Mech, Anjumoni, Victor, Tsuma, Ahasic, Elena, and Bhatta, Raghavendra

Subjects
FERMENTATION of feeds, ANIMAL feeds, GREENHOUSE gases, OATS, BREWERIES
Abstract

The transformation of oat brewery waste (OBW) into livestock feed could be a potential replacement for the expensive concentrate and one of the effective approaches for avoiding health hazards due to the accumulation of oat brewery waste in the environment. To explore the potential of OBW as a methane (CH4) mitigating agent, an in vitro study was undertaken to investigate the effect of graded replacement of concentrate with OBW on CH4 production, microbiota, feed fermentation, and CAZymes. A total of five treatments with variable proportions of OBW were formulated. The results indicated a linear decrease in the total gas production and a 38–52% decrease in CH4 production with a 60 and 100% replacement of concentrate with OBW. The inclusion of OBW also affected the abundance of microbes such as Firmicutes, Euryarchaeota, Methanobrevibacter, and protozoa numbers. This study demonstrated that OBW can partially replace the concentrate and effectively mitigate CH4 production; however, the concurrent decrease in fermentation cautioned for the partial replacement of concentrate with OBW at an appropriate level at which the fermentation remains unaffected while decreasing CH4 production. Therefore, waste from oat breweries can contribute to curtailing the accumulation of greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the atmosphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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13. Methane Estimation Methodologies in Sheep

Author

Malik, Pradeep Kumar, Bakshi, Bhoomika S., Sejian, Veerasamy, Zimmerman, Patrik R., Kurihara, M., Bhatta, Raghavendra, Sejian, Veerasamy, editor, Bhatta, Raghavendra, editor, Gaughan, John, editor, Malik, Pradeep Kumar, editor, Naqvi, S.M.K, editor, and Lal, Rattan, editor

Published
2017
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20. Enteric Methane Emissions of Dairy Cattle Considering Breed Composition, Pasture Management, Housing Conditions and Feeding Characteristics along a Rural-Urban Gradient in a Rising Megacity

Author

Pinto, Ana, Yin, Tong, Reichenbach, Marion, Bhatta, Raghavendra, Malik, Pradeep Kumar, Schlecht, Eva, and König, Sven

Subjects
rural-urban gradient, dairy cattle, laser methane detector (LMD), methane emission, lcsh:Agriculture (General), husbandry system, survey stratification index, lcsh:S1-972
Abstract

Greenhouse gas emissions from livestock farming and in particular enteric methane (CH4) from ruminants are criticized for being one of the main contributors to climate change. Different breeding, feeding and management strategies are tested to decrease these emissions, but a status quo analysis is also relevant to implement such measures. The present study aimed to analyze the concentration of CH4 in air exhaled by dairy cows along a rural-urban gradient of Bangalore, India. Urban, mixed and rural areas were defined based on a survey stratification index (SSI) comprising build-up density and distance to the city center. Using a laser methane detector (LMD), CH4 concentration was determined in 2-min spot measurements of exhaled air of 448 cows at three equally spaced visits between June 2017 and April 2018. Mean, maximum and CH4 concentration per duration of the overall measurement, eructation and respiration bouts were calculated. For the overall mean and respiration bouts, CH4 concentration was higher in cows from urban areas, which had also higher milk yield than cows from mixed and rural areas. Although no differences were found in terms of the intake level of fibrous diet components, the type of measurement location (indoor, half-outdoor or outdoor) and pasture access had an impact on CH4 concentration. To our knowledge, this is the first study using the LMD on-farm and in an urbanizing environment. The LMD measurements show variations in enteric CH4 emissions along the rural-urban gradient of Bangalore that reflect differences in dairy husbandry systems governed by the social-ecological context.

Published
2020

28. EXPLORING THE METABOLICALLY ACTIVE RUMEN MICROBIOTA AND ITS FIBROLYTIC POTENTIAL IN CROSSBRED CATTLE FED ON FIBROUS DIET THROUGH METATRANSCRIPTOMICS.

Author

V., Lyju Jose, More, Ravi P., Malik, Pradeep Kumar, Kolte, Atul Purushottam, Trivedi, Shraddha, Arun, Sha, Thirumalaisamy, G., and Bhatta, Raghavendra

Subjects
CATTLE crossbreeding, CATTLE feeding & feeds, CARBOHYDRATE metabolism, BACTERIAL population, PREVOTELLA, GUT microbiome, RIBOSOMAL proteins
Abstract

The rumen wharves conglomerate of symbiotic fibrolytic microflora with the potential to produce repertoire of carbohydrate-active enzymes to elicit the degradation of recalcitrant plant lignocellulosic complex into simpler forms that can be utilized by the host. A metatranscriptomics approach was adopted to explore the metabolically active microbiota and the transcripts involved in the deconstruction of lignocellulose in Indian crossbred cattle rumen. The experimental animals were fed with mixed diet for a period of twenty-one days and the total RNA was isolated from the rumen digesta using a modified total RNA extraction protocol. After mRNA enrichment, the cDNA libraries were subjected to sequencing under Illumina HiSeq platform and generated about 2.89 GB of raw sequences. The contig assembly was accomplished using two different tools and the redundant sequences were removed before further processing. A total of 133,930 orfs were predicted from the assembled contigs using MetaGeneMark tool and the taxonomic affiliation of orfs were achieved using MEGAN 6.0 Community Edition. A total of 17 bacterial, 5 eukaryotic and 1 archaeal phylum were identified from rumen metatranscriptomic dataset. Phylum Bacteroidetes were acknowledged as the most abundant and metabolically active rumen bacterial populations in cattle rumen with 36,414 orfs corresponding to it, followed by Firmicutes with 6,349 orfs. Further, MEGAN annotation of metatranscriptomic data at species level revealed that Prevotella brevis and Prevotella ruminicola as the most metabolically active bacterial populations representing 4,022 and 2,725 orfs each. The functional annotation of metatranscriptomic data using COG database revealed that a large number of transcripts (~16%) were corresponding to translation, ribosomal structure and biogenesis and carbohydrate transport and metabolism (15%). dbCAN annotation of rumen metatranscriptomic data identified and classified 5,267 transcripts belonging to 168 CAZyme families (GH-52%, GT-26%, CBM-14%, CE-6%, PL-2% and AA-0%). The microbial community analysis of the CAZyme encoding transcripts using M5NR database revealed that a significant proportion of CAZymes were contributed by genera Prevotella (37%) and Bacteroides (21%). The cattle rumen microbiome metatranscriptome analysis presented in this study facilitated the detection of large number of transcripts encoding diverse CAZymes that actively take part in the hydrolysis of plant lignocellulose complex that may be useful for improving livestock and biofuel generation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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33. Goat as the Ideal Future Climate Resilient Animal Model

Author

Sejian, Veerasamy, Silpa, M. V., Reshma Nair, M. R., Devaraj, Chinnasamy, Devapriya, A., Ramachandran, N., Awachat, V. B., Shashank, C. G., Fonsêca, Vinícius F. C., Bhatta, Raghavendra, Sejian, Veerasamy, editor, Chauhan, Surinder Singh, editor, Devaraj, Chinnasamy, editor, Malik, Pradeep Kumar, editor, and Bhatta, Raghavendra, editor

Published
2021
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34. Genetic Adaptation of Livestock to Heat Stress Challenges

Author

McManus, Concepta, Maranhão, Andrea Queiroz, Pimentel, Daniel, Pimentel, Felipe, de Macedo Brigido, Marcelo, Sejian, Veerasamy, editor, Chauhan, Surinder Singh, editor, Devaraj, Chinnasamy, editor, Malik, Pradeep Kumar, editor, and Bhatta, Raghavendra, editor

Published
2021
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47. Behavioural Responses of Domestic Animals for Adapting to Thermal Stress

Author

Fonsêca, Vinícius F. C., Saraiva, Edilson P., dos Santos, José D. C., da Cunha Morais, Larissa Kellen, Nascimento, Sheila T., de Melo Costa, Cíntia C., Moura, Gustavo B., Xavier Neta, Geni Caetano, Bícego, Kênia C., Sejian, Veerasamy, Neto, Marcos Chiquitelli, Maia, Alex S. C., Sejian, Veerasamy, editor, Chauhan, Surinder Singh, editor, Devaraj, Chinnasamy, editor, Malik, Pradeep Kumar, editor, and Bhatta, Raghavendra, editor

Published
2021
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