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Pregnancy can be detected by several methods, including rectal palpation, measurement of progesterone hormone concentration, and ultrasound (USG). The aim of this study is to diagnose early pregnancy and monitor pregnancy development using ultrasound in Javanese Banteng (Bos javanicus). Three female Banteng from Taman Safari Indonesia, Cisarua, Bogor, Indonesia, were used for this study. Pregnancy diagnosis was performed 11, 18 and 20 days after insemination. Diagnosis was based on the presence of the amniotic sac, heart rate, and embryonic and fetal development. Embryonic and fetal development were monitored until day 60 of gestation, and placental development was monitored from day 60 to day 270. The results showed that on day 20 after insemination, a 0.33-cm chorioallantois membrane with a white spot inside was detected. On day 27, a 0.55 cm embryo and a 1.16 cm amniotic sac were detected. The size of the placenta of the three bantengs was 1.21 ± 0.3 cm on day 60 and continued to increase until it reached 5.57 ± 0.26 cm on day 270. This study concludes that it is possible to diagnose early pregnancy at day 20 after fertilization and placental development in Banteng. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taman Safari Indonesia Bogor is a buffer zone for the Mountain Gede Pangrango National Park conservation forest area and is one of the habitats for the Javan surili (Presbytis comata), but there is no research data on wild Javan surili populations. The object of research is to find out how many populations of Javan surili are in the TSI Bogor forest area. The research method used the line transect method by collecting data on the number of individuals, the number of groups, the sex ratio, and the age structure. The research was conducted at four observation locations with a duration of three months, observations were made from 06.00 WIT to 17.00 WIT, and four repetitions were carried out on each observation path, the results obtained were a total of 16 Javan surili individuals found which were divided into one group, and the estimated population density is 0.06 individuals/hectare. The sex composition of male and female Javan surili in the TSI Bogor forest area is 1:6 where there are more female Javan surili than male Javan surili, and for the age structure of the Javan surili the most are in the adult age class with a percentage of 43.75%, juvenile 31.25%, and the percentage of infent by 25%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Semen collection in wild animals may be challenging for some methods such as electro ejaculator may cause pain and distress to the animals. Transrectal massage has been widely used in domestic and wild animals semen collection. Even though an artificial vagina may provide a condition that mimics the female reproductive tract and known to provide better results in some species, the application may face obstacles in the field. This study was conducted to evaluate the possibility of modified semen collection in banteng bull by combining the transrectal massage method followed by the use of an artificial vagina. The bull was habituated and trained for semen collection in chute under veterinarian supervision in Taman Safari Indonesia, Cisarua, Bogor, West Java. Semen samples from one Javan banteng bull were collected once a week. Banteng bull showed stud and penile protrusion during semen collection. Watery semen with volume ranged from 12 ml were successfully collected, with sperm progressive motility ranged from 25%-40%. Our study also showed sperm abnormalities comprising 18.11% abnormal sperm heads, 28.82% abnormal sperm tails and 0.94% teratoid form. The results demonstrated the possibility of this modified method as an alternative procedure for semen collection in banteng bull which may also be useful for other wild animals in field conditions

The Banteng (Bos javanicus d'Alton 1823) is an endemic species in Indonesia that is threatened with extinction and whose population continues to decline in the wild. The aim of this study is to determine the timing of artificial insemination (AI) in the Banteng based on follicle size and uterine enlargement. For this study, two female Banteng were used in Taman Safari Indonesia, Cisarua, Bogor. Habituation was performed to facilitate data collection. Optimal timing for AI is determined by examining the reproductive organs using Ultrasonography (USG) to detect changes in the uterus and ovaries and monitor clinical signs of estrus. Follicle size and uterine examination was performed on days -1, 0, and +1 for 3 estrus cycles. Insemination was performed 2-3 times during estrus until ovulation occurred. The results showed that the average follicle size of both Banteng was 1.09 ± 0.02 cm on day -1, 1.31 ± 0.02 cm on day 0, and 1.33 ± 0.03 cm on day +1. Artificial insemination was performed with a double dose of frozen semen when the Banteng were still rideable, and the follicle size ranged from 1.23-1.38 cm. Pregnancy was examined by ultrasound on day 21 after mating; both Banteng females were pregnant after AI. It can be concluded that AI technique can be used in captive Banteng breeding program by studying the development of follicles and uterine enlargement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]