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La escritura de la poeta y ensayista Liliana Ancalao de sus libros: Resuello (2018) y Rokiñ: Provisiones para un viaje (2021) y distintas instancias de diálogos, producto de encuentros entre 2018 y 2022 constituyen la base del análisis. Se implementa una metodología interpretativa y está guiada por la “epistemología de la bolsa” de Donna Haraway, una perspectiva que busca focalizar en la historia negada, en lo no dicho y en desarticular estereotipos de género, raza, etnia y clase. Desde esta línea de pensamiento, se identifican como especialmente significativas las siguientes temáticas: la polisemia de la flecha, la importancia de transitar espacios urbanos para ver al pasado indígena y la necesidad de transparentar los mecanismos de dominación colonial.

As Chilean citizens, the Mapuche peoples were landowners of large tracts of lands in Araucanía, Chile's southern borderlands region between the Bío-Bío and Toltén rivers. This article analyzes a series of letters that Mapuche leaders wrote to state authorities and others in the middle of the nineteenth century. The content of these letters reveals multiple ways that Mapuche leaders argued for the protection of their lands and interests, as the state created policies that actively worked to undermine them through a settler colonization plan. This strategy included appropriating Mapuche lands for outside settlers and denying the Mapuche their citizen rights as Chilean citizens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The influence of cultural and family variables is relevant for the development of food preferences and habits, especially during school age. In Chile, the prevalence of childhood obesity and overweight reaches 44.5%. Objective: to compare beliefs about obesity and children's nutrition among caregivers of Mapuche and non-Mapuche children. Materials and method: a phenomenographic qualitative study, in which semi-structured interviews were used as the data collection instrument, involving 26 primary caregivers of first to fourth grade students from two municipalities in centralsouthern Chile. Results: similarities were found in the core knowledge and beliefs about obesity and nutrition between Mapuche and non-Mapuche groups. However, there are particularities in the experience of secondary elements, such as the belief among the Mapuche group that children need more food than what is provided at schools, or the perception of having greater access to processed foods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This work pretends to present nine previously unknown documents related to the preparation, execution, and reception of the first Mapuche-Spanishparliament in Quillín in 1641. These documents differ from those previously published because their authors were high ranking secular leaders. We hope that the addition of these documents will allow for the creation of new areas of study related to the Arauco Indian war and the political intentions of Chile's 17th-century Spanish governors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Even though Mapuche people represent the largest indigenous population in Chile, the "logic of double rationality" in their educational knowledge and its link with acculturation dynamics, has been scarcely studied. The aim of this study was to explore the relationships between the attitudes toward school education and the acculturation orientations of 468 Mapuche people, with ages from 17 to 53 years (M = 16.19; SD = 7.0). Participants were students of secondary schools and universities from urban and rural areas of different regions of Chile. Results showed that most of the participants presented a bicultural orientation (39.4%), followed by a group of segregated or ethnic identity profile (23.5%), while those who preferred assimilation (17.5%), and marginalization (20.7%) represented a minority. Results indicated that people identified as bicultural scored higher in the components of dual Mapuche/Chilean Mestizo educational rationality than the other acculturation profiles. Also, the fluency in speaking Mapuche language was positively associated with the perception of cultural differences in knowledge and education between Mapuche and Chilean culture, the evaluation of the teaching of Mapuche culture, the perception of school as a factor of assimilation, the valuation of bicultural practices, and the justification of double rationality. Findings' contributions to the development of pertinent educational practices in contexts of social and cultural diversity are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Even though Mapuche people represent the largest indigenous population in Chile, the “logic of double rationality” in their educational knowledge and its link with acculturation dynamics, has been scarcely studied. The aim of this study was to explore the relationships between the attitudes toward school education and the acculturation orientations of 468 Mapuche people, with ages from 17 to 53 years (M = 16.19; SD = 7.0). Participants were students of secondary schools and universities from urban and rural areas of different regions of Chile. Results showed that most of the participants presented a bicultural orientation (39.4%), followed by a group of segregated or ethnic identity profile (23.5%), while those who preferred assimilation (17.5%), and marginalization (20.7%) represented a minority. Results indicated that people identified as bicultural scored higher in the components of dual Mapuche/ Chilean Mestizo educational rationality than the other acculturation profiles. Also, the fluency in speaking Mapuche language was positively associated with the perception of cultural differences in knowledge and education between Mapuche and Chilean culture, the evaluation of the teaching of Mapuche culture, the perception of school as a factor of assimilation, the valuation of bicultural practices, and the justification of double rationality. Findings’ contributions to the development of pertinent educational practices in contexts of social and cultural diversity are discussed.

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Este ensayo examina la representación de la violencia de la guerra del Arauco en el poema épico Arauco domado (1596) de Pedro de Oña. Escrito por encargo del virrey García Hurtado de Mendoza, el poema resalta la “exitosa” y “bien llevada” campaña de “pacificación” de los mapuches. Sin embargo, Oña tuvo que contrarrestar la violencia de los españoles en la guerra del Arauco que describió Ercilla en su famosa y ampliamente leída Araucana. En respuesta, Oña suprimió eventos como las sangrientas batallas de Mataquito y Cañete y el empalamiento de Caupolicán. Pese a esa estratégica representación de la campaña militar, la violencia perpetrada y el sufrimiento causado retornan en el texto a través de figuras espectrales y analepsis narrativos. También la violencia colonial excede el molde épico renacentista y es abordado en formas diversas que van de lo cómico a lo grotesco, ofreciendo un macabro bodegón barroco de cadáveres mapuches que moralizan la muerte y alinean ideológicamente el poema con la Contrarreforma.

Se presentan avances de la investigación denominada Emergencias, acontecimientos y resistencias en los zapatistas (EZLN), el Consejo Regional Indígena del Cauca (CRIC) y la Coordinadora Arauco-Malleco (CAM) —mapuches—, 1994-2014. Centra su atención en el simbolismo desplegado por estas comunidades indígenas, pero especialmente en sus narrativas cantadas. El recorrido es el siguiente: En un primer momento hacemos un breve abordaje teórico con diálogos permanentes entre la teoría y las narraciones míticas y simbólicas de las comunidades indígenas arriba señaladas. Posteriormente, y como ejercicio analítico, presentamos una muestra del ejercicio de desambiguación de uno de los himnos, como ejercicio de análisis simbólico de narrativas cantadas, esto lo hacemos con el método de desambiguación a partir de campos semánticos.

This article analyzes the process of constitution of indigenous encomiendas in Araucanía in the second half of the 16th century; determines the autochthonous sociopolitical bases on which they were based and interprets the terminology used in the Mapuche language and its transposition into Spanish. This study shows the great importance of the local demographic resource for the Spanish colonization project and the different criteria applied for the distribution of the entrusted population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the past century, vast swathes of Chile's biologically diverse temperate rainforest have been replaced with radiata pine monoculture as a direct result of exchanges with California that began during the mid-1800s, when Chile experienced a boom in wheat exports to meet the demand of California gold rush populations. Chile's "green rush" of radiata pine has hastened the displacement of people and plants and has created a flammable landscape that acts synergistically with climate change to create larger wildfires and longer fire seasons. The work presented here is premised on the understanding that land is a living, storied site that reveals lessons for correcting our behavior. I draw on theoretical contributions from Native American and Indigenous studies to understand the lessons from fire and the importance of traditional ecological knowledges from Mapuche and California Native homelands in response to climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Etnolog is the property of Slovene Ethnographic Museum and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Cuando se decide invocar la escritura por medio de los signos, ¿se puede escribir el cuerpo o se escribe desde el cuerpo? ¿Existe un cuerpo propio en la escritura o más bien la escritura se conforma como cuerpo otro?

A lo largo de los siglos se han propuesto diferentes teorías para tratar de dilucidar la procedencia de los mapuches, sin considerar, generalmente, la posibilidad de que este pueblo fuese oriundo del actual territorio chileno. En el presente trabajo exponemos dichas teorías para, finalmente, analizar con los actuales conocimientos científicos el proceso formativo del sistema sociocultural mapuche.

Copyright of Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Politicas y Sociales is the property of Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Politicas y Sociales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of HiSTOReLo: Revista de Historia Regional y Local is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Centro Editorial Facultad de Ciencias Humanas y Economicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

En el presente artículo se indaga sobre la perspectiva desarrollada por Manuel Manquilef, a principios del siglo XX, respecto de los juegos, bailes y ejercicios domésticos y guerreros que practicaban los mapuches. Este profesor normalista de ascendencia mapuche valorizó el rescate de dichas prácticas físicas, en cuanto fundamentos del alma de un pueblo que era necesario preservar. El marco teórico se establece desde las nociones de verdad, sujeto, gubernamentalidad y biopolítica, definidas por Michel Foucault, articulado con una aproximación desde el Análisis de Redes Sociales (ARS). Consecuentemente, la metodología articula un diseño descriptivo denso con estructuras reticulares de carácter egocentrado, generadas con herramientas provenientes del ARS. A partir de este entramado teórico-metodológico, se levanta un análisis frontal que intenta tensionar la relación entre discurso y sujeto. Específicamente, los márgenes disponibles de libertad en la intrincada trama de saber-poder desplegada en la sociedad chilena a principios del siglo XX. Trama en la que se insertó Manquilef oriundo del territorio del Wallmapu (Araucanía), por entonces, recientemente anexado al Estado chileno. Se concluye que las ideas de Manquilef, al margen de sus intenciones, resultaron funcionales a la acción asimiladora impulsada por la gubernamentalidad chilena en la Araucanía poco después de concretada su ocupación.

As highlighted in the presentation, the document that is published definitively ditches the debate about when and by whom the Biobío River was constituted in the political and territorial boundary between Hispanics and Mapuches in the kingdom of Chile. Accordingly, this historical demarcation takes effect in 1612 and responds to a direct disposition of the Spanish monarchy, then ruled by King Felipe III. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article sets out a methodological proposal for the study of indigenous identifications in areas that were devised from hegemonic narratives denying such origins; which have served to discredit territorial claims from an ethnic ascription, labeling them as spurious and/or instrumentalist. From a particular case under study in the Comarca Andina del Paralelo 42º region, in the Northwest Province of Chubut, Patagonia Argentina, the investigation into Indigenous identifications by non-indigenous sectors with which the latter maintain alliances, mixed identitary categories were unveiled including that of the Mapuches, thereby revealing their presence in the territories where official accounts deny them. The native categorical term "hipuche" -which emerged four decades ago in a scene of strong territorial conflict- reveals an alliance between two groups, with a strong imprint in the area, although systematically silenced in the local and regional historical accounts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyses social and political conflict in Chile during the agrarian reform period of the 1960s and 1970s through a case study of the province of Cautín, in the indigenous heartlands of the south. Using a combination of written and oral sources, it analyses the responses and strategies of landowners descended from nineteenth-century settlers to the emancipatory projects carried out during the presidencies of Eduardo Frei and Salvador Allende. In the context of an increasingly radicalised agrarian reform programme and a growing number of territorial conflicts with the Mapuche communities, this little-studied political actor developed a collective identity, an ideological discourse and a readiness to use violence which provides important insights into the causes of the military coup carried out in 1973. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resumen Este artículo aborda la construcción social de una doble racionalidad en el conocimiento educativo mapuche. El marco de referencia sostiene una base epistémica de conocimientos educativos mapuche y la noción de relación con el saber, donde la ecuación pasado incorporado más contexto de acción presente, es igual a prácticas observables. La metodología plantea una crítica epistemológica a la investigación tradicional realizada sobre los pueblos indígenas. Los resultados sintetizan las principales características de la doble inmersión educativa de niños y jóvenes mapuches, desde los discursos de padres de familia. Concluye que la educación mapuche se apoya en una doble racionalidad educativa para superar el currículum escolar chileno monolingüe-monocultural.

This article analyses the persistence of the Araucan myth in 19th-century Chile, noting how despite the utilisation of the image of the Mapuches, the heroic features giving rise to the myth survived and were consistently used. Initially, during the independence struggles, the epic virtues of the ancient Mapuches in their fight against the Spanish conquistadores were considered worthy of emulation by patriots, thus prompting a new reading of the Araucan myth. Once independence was achieved, the presence of an indigenous people standing apart from the nation proved inimical to the progressive ideas of the ruling elite, who went on to construct a negative discourse around the Mapuches. By adopting this paradigm they were able to justify the armed conquest of Araucania, but it was insufficient to destroy the myth as the Chilean population clung to their legendary qualities.

Resumen Este artículo surge de un estudio historiográfico sobre la instalación de la escuela monocultural en la región de la Araucanía, en el sur de Chile entre 1883 y 1910. El objeto es analizar a la escuela como principal dispositivo de poder que permitió legitimar la instalación e implementación del curriculum nacional chileno en territorio mapuche. En esta investigación se piensa que la comprensión de los actuales problemas interculturales que se manifiestan entre los conocimientos mapuche y saberes propios de la sociedad occidental, tienen una explicación en el modo como se instaló y proyectó la escuela en la Araucanía a fines del siglo XIX. Con el análisis teórico documental que se realiza se pretende comprender la dinámica que adquirió la escuela en un diagrama disciplinario de poder-saber que se articuló desde la capital de la República de Chile, para lograr integrar a los mapuches al proyecto Estado-Nación que había sido pensado y soñado por los grupos dirigentes oligárquicos de Chile. Así, en este texto se exponen muestras empíricas de material de archivo que han sido confrontadas con fuentes secundarias que develan la presencia de nuevos actores, tales como inspectores, visitadores de escuelas, profesores, quienes asumieron la misión de concretar el curriculum prescrito republicano en territorio indígena. Fue posible encontrar que durante la instalación de la escuela monocultural a fines del siglo XIX y comienzos de la conmemoración del primer centenario de la Independencia de Chile no hubo contextualización curricular.

El presente artículo analiza el “movimiento securitizador” del reclamo de tierras de los mapuches en Argentina entre agosto y diciembre de 2017. Para ello se recurre a dos modelos analíticos: Glass Onion Model, que se centra más en el proceso de política pública, recurriendo también al herramental teórico de las relaciones internacionales; y al enfoque de la Escuela de Copenhague. A los efectos de presentar la argumentación, el artículo se estructura en cuatro partes. En la primera se presenta el marco teórico. En la segunda se hacen algunas precisiones con respecto a los conceptos de “terrorismo” y “mitos territoriales de Argentina”. En tercer lugar, se analiza la problemática del reclamo mapuche en el período indicado, indagando como se produjo el ya mencionado “movimiento securitizador” del mismo. Finalmente, se presentan las reflexiones finales.

El artículo pone en contexto histórico el nuevo ciclo de movilizaciones mapuches, que se ha intensificado en la última década. El movimiento mapuche es el principal movimiento en Chile a favor del poder territorial autónomo, que resiste el sistema político presidencialista homogenizador, que es centralista y nacionalista. El artículo explica el despojo territorial a dicho pueblo/nación por el Estado chileno, y la lógica de minorización a la que se le ha mantenido en la nueva democracia, con políticas sectoriales pero sin autonomía y poder político. También se da cuenta de la complejidad del movimiento mapuche en la reivindicación de tierras a partir del año 1997, explicando la complejidad de la violencia en los territorios de La Araucanía, y la lucha con las empresas forestales. La principal propuesta de solución política del conflicto es aceptar la idea de región autónoma plurinacional, con un parlamento con cuotas indígenas, devolución de recursos, derecho indígena y recuperación de la lengua.

In this article, we evaluate ethnic solidarity and the vote in Chile with reference to the Mapuche, the largest and most traditional ethnic group in the country. We use electoral data from the mayoral elections of 2012, drawn from all the municipalities of the Araucanía, the region with the largest percentage of Mapuche population. Using a multi-level linear regression model and controlling for poverty and rurality, we found that Mapuche candidates, regardless of their political orientation, were indeed more successful than non-Mapuche candidates in areas with the greatest concentration of Mapuche voters. Additionally, we used results from an unpublished opinion survey conducted in three municipalities of the Araucanía. We concluded that after controlling for other variables ethnic solidarity prevails as a robust predictor of electoral behaviour, albeit more strongly in rural areas than urban ones. The Chilean case, moreover, is useful for studying the strategies used by the traditional parties that promote this solidarity - that is, by presenting candidates with Mapuche surnames in their lists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Direito e Práxis is the property of Editora da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (EdUERJ) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Traditionally in Chile the relationship between the State and the Mapuche population has been one of constant tensions. One of the main causes has been the ignorance held about these native population and their demands, which leads to create programs that have little impact on their life quality. This article displays information collected from different indigenous and nonindigenous actors, that provides evidence of the lack of participation held by the Mapuche people in the public policies that the Chilean government has addressed to this population. It is evident that despite the existence of national and international legislation that establish the need to implement consultations and work in partnership with indigenous peoples in policies that affect them in some way, currently in Chile the policies are still built under a vertical model that excludes the Mapuche population from the public debate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El presente artículo analiza el papel desempeñado por el sistema educativo chileno en la región de la Araucanía durante el siglo xix, dentro del contexto propiciado por las relaciones interétnicas existentes durante ese periodo entre el pueblo mapuche y la joven república chilena. Se destaca la existencia de un proceso integracionista y homogeneizador propiciado por el Estado chileno sobre las personas mapuches, en la búsqueda de una nueva sociedad que rom- piese los antiguos esquemas sociales implantados por los españoles. Para ello, a través de la utilización de una metodología cualitativa y adscribiéndonos a una concepción epistemológica netamente fenomenológica, hemos llevado a cabo un estudio etnohistórico mediante el cual pretendemos mostrar los principales hechos, procesos y dinámicas de la implantación de dicho sistema educativo en la Araucanía decimonónica. Según veremos, el sistema de educación implantado durante esos años, en el que los misioneros católicos desempeñaron un rol decisivo, se configuró como parte de una política integracionista y mecanismo de dominación, conducente a eliminar de una forma deliberada las especificidades culturales de las personas mapuche.

Estudio de la formación del espacio de colonización agrícola capitalista en la frontera del río Biobío-Malleco de la Araucanía, y su articulación al enclave molinero industrial de la ciudad de Concepción mediante el transporte naviero fluvial, para dar salida a la producción triguera generada por hacendados, campesinos y mapuches, en el periodo 1820-1850.

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Reciprocity and exchange are two issues of interest in anthropology stated in Marcel Mauss' essay about gifting. However, this topic has had limited attention among the Mapuche, especially within the area of social practices that people and domestic groups perform in rural communities. The objective of this article is the analysis of reciprocity and exchange from the perspective of interchangeability and associated processes in Mapuche communities, to later evaluate the principles involved, especially the ones related to the equivalence and value of reciprocity; postulating that based on the analysis the following can understood: practices of social organization, economic relations, everyday social interactions between domestic groups, among other areas. The research was conducted with a qualitative strategy, and the ethnographic method was developed to process data collection in Mapuche communities of southern Chile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]