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Botulinum toxin (BT), one of the most powerful inhibitors that prevents the release of acetylcholine from nerve endings, represents an alternative therapeutic approach for "spastic" disorders of the gastrointestinal tract such as achalasia, gastroparesis, sphincter of Oddi dysfunction, chronic anal fissures, and pelvic floor dyssynergia.BT has proven to be safe and this allows it to be a valid alternative in patients at high risk of invasive procedures but long-term efficacy in many disorders has not been observed, primarily due to its relatively short duration of action. Administration of BT has a low rate of adverse reactions and complications. However, not all patients respond to BT therapy, and large randomized controlled trials are lacking for many conditions commonly treated with BT.The local injection of BT in some conditions becomes a useful tool to decide to switch to more invasive therapies. Since 1980, the toxin has rapidly transformed from lethal poison to a safe therapeutic agent, with a significant impact on the quality of life.

Botulinum toxin (BT), one of the most powerful inhibitors that prevents the release of acetylcholine from nerve endings, represents an alternative therapeutic approach for "spastic" disorders of the gastrointestinal tract such as achalasia, gastroparesis, sphincter of Oddi dysfunction, chronic anal fissures, and pelvic floor dyssynergia.BT has proven to be safe and this allows it to be a valid alternative in patients at high risk of invasive procedures but long-term efficacy in many disorders has not been observed, primarily due to its relatively short duration of action. Administration of BT has a low rate of adverse reactions and complications. However, not all patients respond to BT therapy, and large randomized controlled trials are lacking for many conditions commonly treated with BT.The local injection of BT in some conditions becomes a useful tool to decide to switch to more invasive therapies. Since 1980, the toxin has rapidly transformed from lethal poison to a safe therapeutic agent, with a significant impact on the quality of life.

RCC has a range of clinical manifestations including vague abdominal symptoms, haematuria, flank pain and a palpable abdominal mass. Generally, 25-30% of patients are found to have metastases at diagnosis but a further 30-50% of patients with local disease will develop metastases during the course of their illness. Spread in RCC is lymphatic, haematogenous, transcoelomic or by direct invasion and the most common sites of metastasis in RCC are the lung, lymph nodes, bones and liver. Metastasis to the small intestine is rare and the duodenum is the segment least often affected. RCC metastasis to the duodenum occurs most commonly in the periampullary region, followed by the bulband usually manifest as gastrointestinal bleeding or obstruction. Bleeding may be the first symptom of metastatic disease in patients who have previously undergone nephrectomy for RCC. Survival is better for patients with localized disease compared with those with regional and distant metastases. This report describes a case of duodenal metastasis from RCC in which the patient presented with upper gastrointestinal bleeding and duodenal obstruction and was treated with pancreaticoduodenectomy with an excellent long-term outcome. Long-term survival was better than survival data reported in the current literature. .Duodenal metastasis, Gastrointestinal bleeding, Renal cell carcinoma, Pancreaticoduodenectomy.Il cancro del rene rappresenta la 13a forma di tumore a livello mondiale e risulta incrementata, dal punto di vista epidemiologico, di circa il 2% annuo nelle ultime due decadi. Studi recenti hanno mostrato un numero complessivo di 65,150 nuovi casi di cancro renale diagnosticato nei paesi occidentali e circa 13.680 morti. Il carcinoma a cellule renali rappresenta approssimativamente il 90% di tutte le forme di cancro renale e presenta un tasso di mortalità di circa 4 soggetti ogni 100000 abitanti per anno. Il carcinoma a cellule renali ha, spesso, un particolare corteo sintomatologico caratterizzato da dolore addominale, masse addominali ed ematuria. Caratteristico è il fatto che circa il 25-30% dei pazienti, all’atto della diagnosi, presentano già metastasti a distanza; un ulteriore 30-50%, inoltre, svilupperanno metastasi nel corso della malattia, anche dopo molti anni dall’operazione chirurgica di nefrectomia radicale. Il Cancro del Rene a Cellule Chiare metastatizza in genere per via linfatica, ematogena, transperitoneale o per invasione diretta, ed i siti di metastasi più comuni sono il polmone ed i linfonodi, seguiti dalle ossa e dal fegato. Tra tutte le possibili localizzazioni ai segmenti addominali, il duodeno rappresenta la sede meno colpita: quando coinvolta, viene, in genere, invasa la regione periampollare ed il bulbo del duodeno. Tali localizzazioni danno segno di sè, spesso tardivamente, con sanguinamenti (ematemesi) o ostruzioni del tratto gastrointestinale superiore (vomito). Il nostro caso clinico descrive un carcinoma a cellule renali che si presentava, dopo soli 5 mesi dalla nefrectomia radicale destra, con sanguinamento del tratto gastrointestinale superiore e metastasi a carico del duodeno, e che è stato trattato chirurgicamente con duodenocefalopancreasectomia. L’intervento chirurgico, noto per essere altamente demolitivo ed associato ad elevata morbilità, applicato a recidiva precoce di cancro, ha garantito un ottimo risultato per il paziente ed una migliore e più duratura sopravvivenza rispetto ai dati attualmente in letteratura.