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1. Elimination of ESAT-6 and CFP-10 from a candidate vaccine against bovine tuberculosis impaired its protection efficacy in the BALBc mouse model

Author

Maria Emilia Eirin, Elizabeth Andrea Garcia, Laura Inés Klepp, Fabiana Bigi, Federico Carlos Blanco, and Ximena Ferrara Muñiz

Subjects
Microbiology (medical), Tuberculosis, 030231 tropical medicine, lcsh:QR1-502, complex mixtures, lcsh:Microbiology, cfp-10, 03 medical and health sciences, Mice, 0302 clinical medicine, Immune system, Antigen, Bacterial Proteins, vaccine, medicine, Animals, 030212 general & internal medicine, bovine tuberculosis, esat-6, Mycobacterium bovis, Antigens, Bacterial, Vaccines, CFP-10, biology, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, bacterial infections and mycoses, Virology, Diva, Vaccination, mycobacterium bovis, Infectious Diseases, ESAT-6, Cattle, Tuberculosis, Bovine
Abstract

Background Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a zoonotic disease caused by Mycobacterium bovis that mainly affects cattle. Although vaccination is the most effective strategy to control bTB, it may interfere with the diagnosis of the infection. Therefore, ancillary tests to differentiate vaccinated from infected animals (DIVA) are essential in a cattle vaccination scenario. ESAT-6 and CFP-10 are the most promissory DIVA antigens. Method In this study, we deleted esat6 and cfp10 genes from the M. bovis Δ mce2 live-attenuated vaccine candidate and evaluated its protection level against bTB in BALBc mice. Results We found that the M. bovis strain mutant in mce2, esat-6 and cfp-10 failed to confer protection against virulent M. bovis challenge in a mouse model of tuberculosis. Conclusions This result highlights the relevant role of ESAT-6 and CFP-10 in the induction of protective immune response against M. bovis infection and reveals the need of evaluating different strategies to compensate for the lack of these DIVA antigens in new vaccine formulations.

Published
2020

2. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay as complement of intradermal skin test for the detection of mycobacterium bovis infection in cattle

Author

Sergio Garbaccio, Pablo Sebastian Huertas, Carlos Garro, Martín José Zumárraga, G. A. Tejada, Emilio Arnaldo Leon, Maria Emilia Eirin, and Fernando Delgado

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), Tuberculosis, 030106 microbiology, Immunology, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Tuberculin, Sensitivity and Specificity, Microbiology, Serology, 03 medical and health sciences, Immune system, Antigen, medicine, Animals, False Negative Reactions, Dairy cattle, Mycobacterium bovis, biology, Tuberculin Test, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Virology, 030104 developmental biology, Infectious Diseases, Cattle, Bacterial antigen, Tuberculosis, Bovine
Abstract

Diagnostic tests based on cell-mediated immunity are used in programs for the control and eradication of bovine tuberculosis (bTB), which is mainly caused by Mycobacterium bovis. Additional serological assays could be performed as an ancillary method to detect an infected animal that fails to produce an immune response against the intradermal reaction (IDR), the official bTB test. In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) that uses bovine PPD as a capture antigen as a complement to the IDR in herds with confirmed cases of bTB. The study was conducted in two stages. First, a panel of 200 serum samples was analyzed by ELISA. The sensitivity and specificity obtained were 60% and 99%, respectively. The subsequent stage consisted of evaluating 7,494 bovines from 14 selected dairy farms. The number of animals yielding a IDR negative/ELISA positive result were 200. A necropsy analysis of 33 of these IDR negative/ELISA positive animals revealed that 30 (91%) presented granulomatous lesions and positive M. bovis isolation. This finding confirmed bTB in most cases. Altogether, the results obtained in the present study suggest that the combined use of IDR and ELISA is an effective strategy to improve the control of bTB in endemic herds.

Published
2019
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3. Detection of ViableMycobacterium bovisin Lungs and Livers Sold in Butchers' Shops in Buenos Aires, Argentina

Author

Martín José Zumárraga, Carlos Garro, Soledad Barandiaran, Sergio Garbaccio, Maria Emilia Eirin, Maria Jimena Marfil, Pablo Sebastian Huertas, Marcela Martínez Vivot, and Bernardo Alonso

Subjects
Tuberculosis, MYCOBACTERIUM BOVIS, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Microbiology, law.invention, CULTURE, law, Otras Ciencias Veterinarias, Bovine tuberculosis, medicine, Polymerase chain reaction, Epizootic, Food hygiene, Mycobacterium bovis, biology, Transmission (medicine), Ciencias Veterinarias, MOLECULAR TYPING, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, CIENCIAS AGRÍCOLAS, Animal Science and Zoology, Lymph, BUTCHERS´ SHOP, Food Science
Abstract

Although Mycobacterium bovis is the major etiological agent of tuberculosis in bovines, it can infect other mammalians. Previously reported cases of tuberculosis caused by M. bovis in cats from the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires (CABA) led to the conclusion that the main source of infection for these felines was the ingestion of raw bovine lungs. Thus, for this study, we collected samples of bovine viscera from butchers' shops of the Greater Buenos Aires (GBA) and the CABA to assess presence and viability of these mycobacteria in bovine lungs (including the lymph nodes) and livers. We analyzed 216 different samples and obtained 5 isolates of M. bovis (4 from lungs and 1 from liver) by culture analysis. We also confirmed the presence of different isolates by polymerase chain reaction, spoligotyping, and MIRU-VNTR assays. The results obtained in this work emphasizes the need of social education for food hygiene, and to change the habit of feeding pets with raw viscera, which carries the risk of epizootic and zoonotic transmission. Moreover, control and eradication programs of bovine tuberculosis should be strengthened and improved. Fil: Marfil, Maria Jimena. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Biotecnología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Huertas, Pablo Sebastián. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Patobiología; Argentina Fil: Garbaccio, Sergio Gabriel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Patobiología; Argentina Fil: Barandiaran, Soledad. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Martinez Vivot, Marcela. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Argentina Fil: Garro, Carlos. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Patobiología; Argentina Fil: Alonso, Bernardo. Ministerio de Agricultura, Ganadería, Pesca y Alimento. Servicio Nacional de Sanidad y Calidad Agroalimentaria; Argentina Fil: Eirin, Maria Emilia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Biotecnología; Argentina Fil: Zumárraga, Martín José. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Biotecnología; Argentina

Published
2018
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4. Limited usefulness of the IS6110 touchdown-PCR in blood for tuberculin skin test false-negative cattle with serological response to Mycobacterium bovis

Author

Micaela Encinas, Ximena Ferrara Muñiz, Romina Ayelén Sammarruco, Victoria Ruiz Menna, Carlos Javier Garro, Fernando Delgado, Analía Macías, Gabriel Magnano, Martín José Zumárraga, Sergio Gabriel Garbaccio, and María Emilia Eirin

Subjects
bovine tuberculosis, anergy, diagnosis, IS6110 touchdown-PCR, blood, false-negative, Veterinary medicine, SF600-1100
Abstract

Ante-mortem diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is based mainly on the tuberculin skin test (TST) and the ɣ-IFN release assay (IGRA). Some infected animals escape screening tests, thus, limit herd sanitation. Previous reports have suggested a predominant pattern of multi-organ lesions attributable to Mycobacterium bovis (the causative agent of bTB) bacteraemia. A case–control study was conducted to investigate blood PCR as an alternative tool for improving ante-mortem detection of TST false-negative bovines. Cases comprised 70 TST false-negative bovines (cases), which were serology positive, and controls included 81 TST positive bovines; all of them confirmed as infected with M. bovis. Detection of the IS6110 target through touchdown blood-PCR (IS6110 TD-PCR) was performed. The positivity of the blood-PCR was 27.2% in the control group. This performance was similar to the 15% obtained among cases (p = 0.134). Most cases identified by the IS6110 TD-PCR exhibited focalized lesions (p = 0.002). Results demonstrated that blood-PCR could detect TST false-negative cattle, even if they are negative for IGRA. Considering that cases exhibited humoral response to M. bovis, further studies conducted in a pre-serological stage could provide evidence about the real contribution of the technique in herds.

Published
2024
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5. Field Trial with Vaccine Candidates Against Bovine Tuberculosis Among Likely Infected Cattle in a Natural Transmission Setting

Author

Ximena Ferrara Muñiz, Elizabeth García, Federico Carlos Blanco, Sergio Garbaccio, Carlos Garro, Martín Zumárraga, Odir Dellagostin, Marcos Trangoni, María Jimena Marfil, Maria Verónica Bianco, Alejandro Abdala, Javier Revelli, Maria Bergamasco, Adriana Soutullo, Rocío Marini, Rosana Valeria Rocha, Amorina Sánchez, Fabiana Bigi, Ana María Canal, María Emilia Eirin, and Angel Adrián Cataldi

Subjects
tuberculosis, bovine, vaccine, live attenuated, field trial, Medicine
Abstract

Background/Objectives: Vaccines may improve the control and eradication of bovine tuberculosis. However, the evaluation of experimental candidates requires the assessment of the protection, excretion, transmission and biosafety. A natural transmission trial among likely infected animals was conducted. Methods: Seventy-four male heifers were randomly distributed (five groups) and vaccinated subcutaneously with attenuated strains (M. bovis Δmce2 or M. bovis Δmce2-phoP), a recombinant M. bovis BCG Pasteur (BCGr) or M. bovis BCG Pasteur. Then, they cohoused with a naturally infected bTB cohort under field conditions exposed to the infection. Results: A 23% of transmission of wild-type strains was confirmed (non-vaccinated group). Strikingly, first vaccination did not induce immune response (caudal fold test and IFN-gamma release assay). However, after 74 days of exposure to bTB, animals were re-vaccinated. Although their sensitization increased throughout the trial, the vaccines did not confer significant protection, when compared to the non-vaccinated group, as demonstrated by pathology progression of lesions and confirmatory tools. Besides, the likelihood of acquiring the infection was similar in all groups compared to the non-vaccinated group (p > 0.076). Respiratory and digestive excretion of viable vaccine candidates was undetectable. To note, the group vaccinated with M. bovis Δmce2-phoP exhibited the highest proportion of animals without macroscopic lesions, compared to the one vaccinated with BCG, although this was not statistically supported. Conclusions: This highlights that further evaluation of these vaccines would not guarantee better protection. The limitations detected during the trial are discussed regarding the transmission rate of M. bovis wild-type, the imperfect test for studying sensitization, the need for a DIVA diagnosis and management conditions of the trials performed under routine husbandry conditions. Re-vaccination of likely infected bovines did not highlight a conclusive result, even suggesting a detrimental effect on those vaccinated with M. bovis BCG.

Published
2024
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6. Transmissibility of Mycobacterium pinnipedii in a murine model

Author

María Jimena Marfil, Federico Carlos Blanco, María Alejandra Colombatti Olivieri, María Emilia Eirin, and Martín José Zumárraga

Subjects
M. pinnipedii, M. bovis, transmissibility, mice, experimental model, Microbiology, QR1-502
Abstract

The causative agent of tuberculosis in pinnipeds is Mycobacterium pinnipedii, a member of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC). The natural hosts are pinnipeds; however, other non-marine mammals, including humans, can also be infected. The transmissibility of a pathogen is related to its virulence. The transmissibility of a M. pinnipedii strain (i.e., 1856) was investigated in a murine model and compared with that of two Mycobacterium bovis strains (i.e., 534 and 04-303) with different reported virulence. Non-inoculated mice (sentinels) were co-housed with intratracheally inoculated mice. Detailed inspection of mice to search for visible tuberculosis lesions in the lungs and spleen was performed, and bacillus viability at 30, 60, and 90 days post-inoculation (dpi) was assayed. A transmissibility of 100% was recorded at 30 dpi in sentinel mice co-housed with the inoculated mice from the M. pinnipedii and M. bovis 04-303 groups, as evidenced by the recovery of viable M. pinnipedii and M. bovis from the lungs of sentinel mice. Mice inoculated with M. pinnipedii (1856) and M. bovis (534) survived until euthanized, whereas five of the M. bovis 04-303-inoculated mice died at 17 dpi. This study constitutes the first report of the transmissibility of a M. pinnipedii strain in mice and confirms the utility of this experimental model to study virulence features such as the transmission of poorly characterized MTC species.

Published
2024
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7. Mycobacterium bovis ESAT-6, CFP-10 and EspC antigens show high conservation among field isolates

Author

Claudia Morsella, Soledad Barandiaran, Laura Zapata, Maria Jimena Marfil, Martín José Zumárraga, Maria Emilia Eirin, P. Huertas, Fabiana Bigi, Micaela Encinas, Ángel Adrián Cataldi, Gabriel Magnano, Fernando Paolicchi, Analía Macias, and Sergio Garbaccio

Subjects
DNA, Bacterial, 0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), Tuberculosis, Genotype, CFP-10, Immunology, Virulence, Single-nucleotide polymorphism, MYCOBACTERIUM BOVIS, complex mixtures, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, Bacterial Proteins, Tuberculosis diagnosis, ESAT-6, FIELD ISOLATES, medicine, Animals, ESPC, Gene, Conserved Sequence, Genetics, Antigens, Bacterial, Mycobacterium bovis, Polymorphism, Genetic, Base Sequence, biology, BOVINE TUBERCULOSIS, Ciencias Veterinarias, bacterial infections and mycoses, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, POLYMORPHISM, Phenotype, 030104 developmental biology, Infectious Diseases, CIENCIAS AGRÍCOLAS, Mutation, Cattle, Tuberculosis, Bovine
Abstract

ESAT-6, CFP-10 and EspC are virulence factors that have been extensively assayed for bovine and human tuberculosis diagnosis due their potent T-cell inducing activities. While polymorphisms of ESAT-6 and CFP-10 were analyzed, with the description of CFP-10 variants in M. tuberculosis, this fact has not been explored in M. bovis field isolates. The coding sequences of esxA (ESAT-6), esxB (CFP-10) and mb3645c (EspC) from 58 M. bovis strains exhibiting genomic variability (spoligotyping) were analyzed. Two genes –esxA and esxB – remained invariant while mb3645c exhibited one synonymous polymorphism (G to A mutation, position 66bp) in one isolate, compared to M. bovis AF2122/97 reference strain. All isolates exhibited a synonymous nucleotide polymorphism simultaneously (G to A mutation, position 255bp), compared to M. tuberculosis H37Rv reference strain. This study confirms the high conservation for ESAT-6, CFP-10 and EspC in local M. bovis field isolates and reinforce the use of these three antigens in the diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis. Further studies should be performed to globally confirm these findings. Fil: Encinas, Micaela. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Biotecnología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Marfil, Maria Jimena. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Biotecnología; Argentina Fil: Garbaccio, Sergio Gabriel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Patobiología; Argentina Fil: Barandiaran, Soledad. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Buenos Aires; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Huertas, Pablo Sebastián. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Morsella, C.. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Buenos Aires Sur. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; Argentina Fil: Macías, A.. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria. Departamento de Patología Animal; Argentina Fil: Magnano, Gabriel Gustavo. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria. Departamento de Patología Animal; Argentina Fil: Zapata, L.. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria. Departamento de Patología Animal; Argentina Fil: Bigi, Fabiana. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Biotecnología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Cataldi, Ángel Adrián. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Biotecnología; Argentina Fil: Paolicchi, Fernando Alberto. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Buenos Aires Sur. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; Argentina Fil: Zumárraga, Martín José. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Biotecnología; Argentina Fil: Eirin, Maria Emilia. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Biotecnología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina

Published
2018

8. Identification of bovine tuberculosis biomarkers to detect tuberculin skin test and IFNγ release assay false negative cattle

Author

Marcelo Abel Soria, Maria Emilia Eirin, Fabiana Bigi, Sergio Garbaccio, Laura Inés Klepp, and Federico Carlos Blanco

Subjects
040301 veterinary sciences, CD14, Tuberculin, Disease, Peripheral blood mononuclear cell, 0403 veterinary science, 03 medical and health sciences, Interferon-gamma, Bovine tuberculosis, Medicine, CXCL10, Animals, False Negative Reactions, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, General Veterinary, business.industry, Tuberculin Test, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Mycobacterium bovis, Immunology, Leukocytes, Mononuclear, CXCL9, Biomarker (medicine), Cattle, business, Tuberculosis, Bovine, Biomarkers
Abstract

Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is an important animal and zoonotic disease, which causes severe economic losses. The main focus of this study was to assess the predictive power of previously identified biomarkers of bTB in infected animals that were negative to the tuberculin skin test (TST). We studied 16 animals with bTB, in which the disease was confirmed by necropsy, and 16 healthy animals. The level of expression of ten biomarkers (CXCL9, THBS1, MMP9, IL-22, CXCL10, IFNγ, IL-17, FYVE, CD14, IL-1R) was evaluated by RT-qPCR upon stimulation or not of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with PPDb (purified protein derivative of bovine tuberculin). In this assay, CXCL9, THBS1, MMP9, IL-22 and IFNγ changed their expression level depending on the bTB status. In addition, we evaluated different biomarker candidates simultaneously to infer the animal condition. By performing an analysis with classification trees, we found that the sturdiest combination was IL-22, IFNγ and IL-1R. On the other hand, CXCL10, IFNγ and IL-22's expression distinguished between bTB positive animals that were negative to TST (TST false negative animals) and the bTB negative groups. Thus, these biomarkers are promising candidates to be tested as an ancillary diagnostic assay. In addition, the expression of CXCL10 and IL-22 exhibited also significant differences between the bTB positive animals that were undetectable by IFNγ release assay (IGRA) and TST tests (TST and IGRA false negative animals) and the bTB negative groups. Therefore, CXCL10 and IL-22 constitute candidate biomarkers that could complement the two most widely used diagnostic tests.

Published
2018

9. Identification and evaluation of new Mycobacterium bovis antigens in the in vitro interferon gamma release assay for bovine tuberculosis diagnosis

Author

Laura Mendez, Claudia Morsella, A. Alito, Maria Emilia Eirin, Fabiana Bigi, Maria de los Angeles Pando, Ángel Adrián Cataldi, Analía Macias, Mahavir Singh, Ralph Spallek, María Verónica Bianco, Walter Severina, Federico Carlos Blanco, Gabriel Magnano, and Fernando Paolicchi

Subjects
Male, INTERFERON, Microbiology (medical), Otras Biotecnología Agropecuaria, Tuberculosis, BOVINA, Biotecnología Agropecuaria, Immunology, Interferon gamma release assay, Tuberculin, Paratuberculosis, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, TUBERCULOSIS, Microbiology, Interferon-gamma, Bacterial Proteins, Antigen, Predictive Value of Tests, medicine, Animals, Antigens, Bacterial, Mycobacterium bovis, biology, Tuberculin Test, purl.org/becyt/ford/4.4 [https], Reproducibility of Results, bacterial infections and mycoses, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Virology, Infectious Diseases, DIAGNÓSTICO, CIENCIAS AGRÍCOLAS, Cattle, Interferon-gamma Release Tests, Tuberculosis, Bovine, purl.org/becyt/ford/4 [https], Biomarkers, Mycobacterium
Abstract

Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a common zoonotic disease, caused by Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis),responsible for significant economic losses worldwide. Its diagnosis is based on the detection of cellmediated immunity under the exposure to protein purified derivative tuberculin (PPD), a complex andpoorly characterized reagent. The cross-reactivity to non-tuberculous mycobacterium species (falsepositiveresults) has been crucial to develop a more proper antigen. In the present study, we selected sixM. bovis Open Reading Frames (Mb1992, Mb2031c, Mb2319, Mb2843c, Mb2845c and Mb3212c) by insilicoanalysis and evaluated them in experimental and natural infection; none of these antigens hadbeen previously assessed as diagnostic antigens for bTB. The reactivity performance was tested in animalswith both positive and negative Tuberculin Skin Test (TST) results as well as in cattle infected withMycobacterium avium subesp. paratuberculosis (MAP). The six recombinant antigens individually inducedan IFN-g response, with overall responder frequency ranging from 18.3 to 31%. Mb2845c was the mostvaluable antigen with the potential to discriminate TST-positive cattle from either TST-negative or MAPinfected animals. Mb2845c showed similar performance to that observed with ESAT-6 and PPD-B amongTST and MTC specific-PCR positive animals, although this result needs to be proven in further studieswith a higher sample size. Our data confirm the feacibility to implement bioinformatic screening toolsand suggest Mb2845c as a potential diagnostic antigen to be tested in protein cocktails to evaluate theircontribution to bTB diagnosis. Fil: Eirin, Maria Emilia. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Biotecnología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Macías, Analia Florencia. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria; Argentina Fil: Magnano, Gabriel Gustavo. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria; Argentina Fil: Morsella, Claudia. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Buenos Aires Sur. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; Argentina Fil: Mendez, Laura. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Buenos Aires Sur. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; Argentina Fil: Blanco, Federico Carlos. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Biotecnología; Argentina Fil: Bianco, María Verónica. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Biotecnología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Severina, Walter. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida; Argentina Fil: Alito, Alicia. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Biotecnología; Argentina Fil: Pando, María de los Ángeles. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida; Argentina Fil: Singh, Mahavir. No especifíca; Fil: Spallek, Ralph. No especifíca; Fil: Paolicchi, Fernando Alberto. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Buenos Aires Sur. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; Argentina Fil: Bigi, Fabiana. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Biotecnología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Cataldi, Ángel Adrián. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Biotecnología; Argentina

Published
2015
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10. Health care importance of Treponema pallidum, Chagas' disease and Human immunodeficiency virus 1 among Amerindians of Argentina: an observational study

Author

Ana María de Rissio, Mirna M. Biglione, Cecilia María Delfino, Maria Emilia Eirin, Marcelo Rodríguez Fermepin, Richard Malan, Alberto Puca, Rogelio Espejo, Williams René Pedrozo, María Lucía Gallo Vaulet, and Carolina Andrea Berini

Subjects
Microbiology (medical), Chagas disease, CIENCIAS MÉDICAS Y DE LA SALUD, Trypanosoma cruzi, 030231 tropical medicine, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Argentina, Ciencias de la Salud, Trypanozoma Cruzi, HIV Infections, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, purl.org/becyt/ford/3.3 [https], 0302 clinical medicine, Health care, medicine, Humans, Chagas Disease, 030212 general & internal medicine, Syphilis, Treponema pallidum, Treponema Pallidum, Retrospective Studies, Treponema, business.industry, Indians, South American, Comunidades Originarias, Hiv, General Medicine, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Virology, Enfermedades Infecciosas, Immunology, HIV-1, Observational study, purl.org/becyt/ford/3 [https], business
Abstract

El objetivo de este trabajo fue estimar la prevalencia de Treponema pallidum, Trypanosoma cruzi y virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (HIV-1) en 5 comunidades originarias de Argentina. Para ello, se realizó un estudio retrospectivo en 857 individuos (112 kollas, 298 mbyá-guaraníes, 79 sagua huarpes, 368 wichis) desde el 2007 hasta el 2010. Se realizó el diagnóstico completo para T. pallidum, T. cruzi y HIV-1. En todas las comunidades se confirmaron infecciones por T. pallidum y T. cruzi con una prevalencia total del 4,2 y del 16,8%, respectivamente. Aunque no se detectó HIV-1, sífilis y Chagas, representan un desafío para el sistema de salud, teniendo que reforzarse las estrategias de salud pública teniendo en cuenta el aislamiento socio-económico que sufren estas poblaciones. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of Treponema pallidum, Trypanosoma cruzi and Human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) in five Amerindian populations of Argentina. A retrospective study was conducted among 857 Amerindian populations (112 Kollas, 298 Mbyá-guaraníes, 79 Sagua Huarpes, 368 Wichis) from 2007 to 2010. Screening and confirmation of T. pallidum, T. cruzi and HIV-1 were performed. T. pallidum and T. cruzi infections were detected in all communities with an overall prevalence rate of 4.2% and 16.8%, respectively. Although HIV was not detected, syphilis and Chagas’ disease represent a challenge for the health care system and the reinforcement of public health strategies is necessary considering the socioeconomic isolation of these populations. Fil: Eirin, Maria Emilia. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Biotecnología; Argentina Fil: Delfino, Cecilia María. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica; Argentina Fil: Pedrozo, Williams René. Provincia de Misiones. Banco de Sangre Central; Argentina Fil: Malan, Richard. Provincia de Misiones. Banco de Sangre Central; Argentina Fil: Puca, Alberto. Laboratorio de Bioquímica "A. A. Puca"; Argentina Fil: de Rissio, Ana María. Dirección Nacional de Instituto de Investigación. Administración Nacional de Laboratorio e Instituto de Salud. Instituto Nacional de Parasitología; Argentina Fil: Espejo, Rogelio. Provincia de San Juan. Ministerio de Salud. Hospital Público "Dr. Guillermo Rawson". Laboratorio Central; Argentina Fil: Gallo Vaulet, Maria Lucia. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica; Argentina Fil: Rodríguez Fermepin, Marcelo. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica; Argentina Fil: Biglione, Mirna Marcela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida; Argentina Fil: Berini, Carolina Andrea. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida; Argentina

Published
2016

11. Analysis of Tax sequence and its nucleotide polymorphisms in HTLV-1 cases from Argentina

Author

Matías Ruggieri, Mirna Biglione, Jimena Salido, Gabriela Pataccini, Camila Cánepa, Mauricio Carobene, Maria Emilia Eirin, Carolina Berini, and Sindy Fraile

Subjects
Genetics, Mutation, medicine.medical_specialty, Hematology, biology, medicine.disease, medicine.disease_cause, Genome, Asymptomatic, Infectious Diseases, immune system diseases, Virology, Internal medicine, Poster Presentation, Tropical spastic paraparesis, medicine, biology.protein, Antibody, medicine.symptom, Asymptomatic carrier, Gene
Abstract

HTLV-1 is the etiologic agent of Adult T-cell Leukemia/Lymphoma (ATLL) and HTLV-1 Associated Mielopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis (HAM/TSP). Tax, a critical viral factor for genomic activation and viral gene expression, has been implied in cell transformation. The aim of this study was to analyze the presence of nucleotide polymorphisms in the tax gene of HTLV-1 positive cases from different populations of Argentina. A total of 85 samples were analyzed: 10 from Kollas from Jujuy and 75 from residents of Buenos Aires province (BA) which included asymptomatic individuals and 21 hematology and neurology patients. DNA was obtained from PBMCs and tax sequence amplified by hemi-nested-PCR (1058pb), sequenced, edited and aligned. ATK-1 genome was used as reference sequence. These nucleotide sequences were then translated into amino acids, and thus, non-synonymous mutations were identified in the proteins´ functional domains. Punctual mutations were detected in all sequences. Regarding t he samples from BA, the mean nucleotide change was 6.2 ± 1.5 in asymptomatic carriers and 6.9 ± 2 in ATLL and HAM/TSP individuals (p>0.05). Mutations were detected in the nuclear localization, LZR, NF-kB dimerization and activation domains and nuclear export signal. These changes were detected both in asymptomatic carriers and patients (p>0.05). For the Kollas samples, the mean change variation was of 5.2 ± 0.5, similar to asymptomatic carriers, but lower than ATLL and HAM/TSP individuals from BA (p>0,05). Two polymorphisms (T7914C and C7982T) were found in sequences from Jujuy but absent in sequences from BA. Considering the functional domains, two variations were present in all 10 sequences, one in the NF-kB dimerization and activation domain (A221V) and the other with an unknown function (F304N), that were also detected in residents from BA. These results corroborate the presence of different polymorphisms in the tax sequence but no association among any particular mutation and the pathologies was established.

Published
2015
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12. Epidemiology of Pig Tuberculosis in Argentina

Author

Soledad Barandiaran, María Jimena Marfil, Guillermo Capobianco, María Sol Pérez Aguirreburualde, Martín José Zumárraga, María Emilia Eirin, María Ximena Cuerda, Marina Winter, Marcela Martínez Vivot, Andres Maximiliano Perez, and Luciano Francisco La Sala

Subjects
bovine tuberculosis, pigs, spoligotyping, surveillance, farm-level epidemiological variables, Mycobacterium bovis, Veterinary medicine, SF600-1100
Abstract

Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a disease caused mainly by the Mycobacterium bovis and that is endemic to livestock populations in most Latin American countries. Traditionally, bTB control programs are costly and targeted to cattle, largely disregarding other species such as swine and wildlife. According to official services, in Argentina disease prevalence in pigs is comparable to that observed in cattle, suggesting the need for efficient control programs to manage the disease in both species. Additionally, extensive farming systems, which are commonly practiced in Argentina, allow the interaction between livestock and wildlife such as wild boar (Sus scrofa), which is considered a natural host of the disease. Here, we evaluated the bTB pigs- cattle interface, studying the dynamics of M. bovis isolates in the pig population and identifying farm-level epidemiological variables associated with the disease confirmation at slaughterhouses. Additionally, to assess the potential multi-host systems in the transmission of bTB, the molecular characterization of wild boar mycobacterial strains was included in the study, as this interaction has not been previously evaluated in this region. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess the association between farm-level epidemiological variables (location, farm size, and co-existence with cattle and goats) and bTB confirmation in pig tuberculosis-like lesions samples. Results showed that when cattle were present, the odds of bTB in pigs decreased 0.3 or 0.6% for every additional sow when cattle were present or absent in the farm, respectively. Pigs shared 60% (18/30) of the genotypes with cattle and wild boar, suggesting transmission at the interface between pigs and cattle and highlighting the potential role of wild boar in bTB maintenance. These results provide novel information about the molecular diversity of M. bovis strains in pigs in Argentina and proposes the potential relevance of a multi-host system in the epidemiology of bTB in the region. The statistical models presented here may be used in the design of a low cost, abattoir-based surveillance program for bTB in the pig industry in Argentina, with potential extension to other settings with similar epidemiological conditions.

Published
2021
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