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Gestrinone (R-2323), or ethylnorgestrienone, is a synthetic steroid of the 19-nortestosterone group more commonly used as an oral, intravaginal, or subcutaneous implant for the treatment of endometriosis, contraception, and estrogen-dependent conditions such as hypermenorrhea, premenstrual dysphoria, and intense menstrual cramps. This review aims to reevaluate the routes, doses, and applicability proposed for using gestrinone, including its use in new conditions such as menopause, lipedema, and sarcopenia. Here, we present the possible application of gestrinone as a long-acting therapeutic possibility through hormonal implants and the benefits and potential risks. Available evidence on the safety of doses and routes is limited. Gestrinone appears to be effective compared to other progestins and may have some advantages in the treatment of estrogen-dependent pathologies. Future research must evaluate gestrinone’s long-term safety and potential therapeutic indications.

Since the establishment of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), decision-makers have realised that periodic assessments were needed to closely monitor climate change. Studies on it became widespread and include the science of greenhouse gas emissions, the composition of these gases and the extent to which humans have been responsible for climate change. In this sense, the United Nations summit has made significant progress since the Rio Conference (Eco 92), with the creation of the Conference of the Parties (COPs). However, governments should not solely focus on curbing greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere. In a society with broad and deep environmental problems, governments, the private sector and non-governmental organisations’ (NGOs) efforts should include biodiversity conservation in their agenda. Solving a single problem, the climate crisis is honourable and urgently needed, but to constrain our ever-increasing land-use footprints on the planet needs the tackling of another equally challenging problem, the loss of biodiversity. The destruction of ecosystems undermines nature’s ability to regulate greenhouse gas emissions and protect against extreme weather, thus accelerating climate change and increasing our vulnerability to it. Therefore, tackling environmental challenges means more than building electric cars, investing in “clean” energy and imposing fines on those who burn forests. To save the environment, scientists, industry, policy-makers and the wider society urgently need to look at other aspects of ecosystem conservation and restoration in the same way they look at the climate agenda.

Introduction: Febrile neutropenia (FN) is a serious complication of cancer chemotherapy. The present study aimed to identify risk factors for documented infection in pediatric patients with FN and cancer. Methods: This prospective cohort study included patients under 18 years from 2016 to 2018. Infection was defined according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria. Results: A total of 172 febrile neutropenic episodes were evaluated. From univariate analysis, the risk factors were: female gender; monocyte count < 100 cell/mm³, platelets < 50,000, C-reactive protein (CRP) > 90 mg/dl and hemoglobin < 7mg/dl at the onset of an episode; two or more episodes of FN, and; fever onset; positive blood culture at the fever onset. Independent risk factors according to the multivariate analysis were: CRP at the onset of a febrile episode > 90mg/dl, fever onset and first blood culture with a positive result. The lowest probability of infection was related to first episode and to platelets > 50,000 at the onset of fever. Conclusion: A CRP > 90 at the onset of a febrile episode, platelets < 50,000, second episode or more, first fever episode during hospitalization and positive first blood culture were found to be associated with a higher risk of infection and they could be useful for the establishment of risk scores for infection in neutropenic children.

A Diabetes mellitus é uma doença com incidência moderada nos cães, caracterizada como um distúrbio no pâncreas endócrino com diminuição nos níveis séricos de insulina. Os principais sintomas poliúria, polidipsia, polifagia e glicosúria. Este relato aborda o atendimento de uma cadela sem raça definida, castrada, com dez anos de idade, pesando 16,7 kg. No animal, foram coletados os exames de hemograma e perfil bioquímico sérico, que foram solicitados para realização de um procedimento cirúrgico e evidenciaram alterações em glicemia total, fosfatase alcalina, alanina aminotransferase e plaquetas totais, revelando um quadro clínico de Diabetes mellitus. Para confirmação do diagnóstico, realizou-se exames complementares, como coleta de sumário de urina e dosagem da glicemia em jejum. Na ultrassonografia foi identificada piometra de coto e optou-se por intervenção cirúrgica. Após o tratamento cirúrgico e medicamentoso com uso de insulina, a paciente apresentou melhora e permanece estável até o momento. Contudo, tornou-se insulino-dependente dispondo de uma cegueira definitiva decorrente de catarata diabética.

Segesterone acetate (SA) or Nestorone, a fourth-generation progestogen, is a synthetic compound with high progestational activity and no androgenic, glucocorticoid, or anabolic effects. However, due to its oral inactivity, SA must be used by other routes, such as subcutaneous. Thus, considering its peculiar properties, the SA subdermal implant is successfully used in female contraception and postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy (HRT). In recent years, its potential uses in endometriosis, polycystic ovaries syndrome (PCOS), and a new therapeutic possibility for neuroprotection have made this treatment extremely interesting. However, the absence of a standardized dose and the long-term safety of SA implant therapy in women is still controversial. Here, we present the possible indications, doses, limitations, and side effects of SA implant therapy.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different shading strategies on the intake and digestibility of nutrients, nutrient use efficiency, feeding behaviour, respiratory rate, and performance of feedlot-finished Nellore bulls in the semi-arid region of Brazil. Two hundred and twenty-five intact Nellore cattle with average body weight (BW) of 294 ± 19 kg and 24 months of age were allotted to a completely randomised design with three shading strategies (full sun, artificial shade, and natural shade). There was a significant effect of shading strategies on air temperature (p = .02), black globe temperature (p

O presente estudo teve como objetivo buscar evidências de validade baseadas nas relações com variáveis externas, do tipo convergente, para um subteste para avaliação da criatividade figural, parte de uma Bateria para Avaliação das Altas Habilidades/Superdotação (BAAH/S). A amostra constituiu-se por 114 estudantes do 2º ano (n=15) e 3º ano (n=99) do ensino médio, com idades entre 15 e 20 anos (M=17; DP=0,85), sendo 52 do sexo masculino, provenientes de uma escola pública. Os participantes responderam ao Teste de Criatividade Figural Infantil (TCFI) e ao Subteste Completando Figuras (em processo de validação). Por meio da Correlação de Pearson, os fatores que avaliam aspectos criativos semelhantes apresentaram correlações positivas e significativas (r=0,64 entre os fatores emocionais; r=0,60 entre os fatores cognitivos; r=0,56 entre os fatores de enriquecimento de ideias), indicando convergência entre as medidas. A correlação entre as características criativas isoladas, avaliadas em ambos os testes se mostrou, em sua maioria, significativa, com valores oscilando entre r=0,21 e r=0,61. Tais resultados tornam possível confirmar as evidências de validade do subteste em desenvolvimento.

O uso da tecnologia como ferramenta de ensino pode auxiliar no processo educacional e, por consequência, na rotina de todos os atores envolvidos nesse processo – alunos, professores e gestores. As consequências (positivas e negativas) provenientes da aplicação da tecnologia no âmbito educacional dependem do uso que fazemos dela e da sua influência nas rotinas de trabalho. Velloso (2014, p. 11) conceitua as Novas Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação (NTICs) como os artifícios utilizados para agilizar, horizontalizar e facilitar a captação, a transmissão e a distribuição de informações em rede, surgidos no contexto da Terceira Revolução Industrial, desenvolvida gradativamente desde a metade da década de 1970, com seu auge nos anos de 1990. As mídias digitais podem ser utilizadas para apoiar as atividades do professor, do gestor e do aluno por facilitarem, sobretudo, o intercâmbio de informações, a visualização de forma mais clara dos recursos e o ensino colaborativo. Como ferramentas de ensino, o uso das mídias é favorecido por meio da utilização de recursos tecnológicos variados, tais como slides, exercícios virtuais, vídeos, plataformas de Ensino a Distância (EAD), webconferências, lousas digitais, e-mails, armazenamento em nuvens, entre outros.

Contexto: Durante o período de pandemia pós-influenza espanhola (na década de 1920), o lysol era uma das indicações, como produto de higiene, nos manuais de enfermagem para a formação das enfermeiras brasileiras, o que anos mais tarde gerou discussão sobre a sua indicação. Objetivo: Discutir o conteúdo dos manuais de enfermagem sobre a citação do lysol, articulando as peças publicitárias do produto num seminário veiculado na imprensa social, ao mostrar a cultura dos cuidados à época. Metodologia: Investigação histórica na perspetiva da microhistória. A colheita de dados foi realizada nos manuais de enfermagem e na Hemeroteca Digital da Biblioteca Nacional, com limitação nos anos de 1920 a 1929. Utilizou-se o referencial da microanálise para a análise dos dados. Resultados: A aplicação do produto era usada para lavagem das mãos e feridas, divulgada pela imagem dos profissionais de saúde. Conclusão: Este estudo pode contribuir para a construção do conhecimento em diferentes áreas, articulando o presente e o passado.

Esse artigo intenciona trabalhar a formação de pedagogas para o ensino da matemática, no qual discorreremos sobre o contexto em que está se dando essa formação, as mudanças percebidas, os desafios, avanços e perspectivas. Os participantes da pesquisa foram pedagogas que atuam na docência da educação básica, e que tiveram formação inicial da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN). Trazemos as mudanças percebidas pela instituição formadora no período de 2008 a 2020, dialogando com o discurso dessas profissionais, dados institucionais e as alterações da legislação. Esperamos que nossas análises auxiliem na reflexão para a formação das pedagogas/professoras que ensinam matemática.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of bacterial-enzymatic inoculants with different concentrations of fibrolytic enzymes on the fermentation quality and nutritional value of the silage of BRS capiaçu grass. Two bacterial-enzymatic inoculants with different levels of enzyme complex were evaluated (Silotrato® (5%) and Biotrato® (8%)) and control silage (without additive) according to a completely randomized design with eight replicates. To evaluate the silage aerobic stability, a completely randomized split plot design was used with three treatments (plots) and seven times after opening (subplots). There was no interaction between treatments and times after opening on values of pH (P=0.79). Regarding bacterial-enzymatic inoculants, the silage pH was 21.66% and 16.16% higher in silage without additive (mean of 6.00) compared to silage with 5% and 8% enzyme complex (P < 0.01). There was no difference between treatments on pH (P = 0.08), lactic acid (p = 0.08) and acetic acid (p = 0.64), means of 3.11, 47.31 g dry matter (DM)-1 and 11.19 g DM-1, respectively. There was no difference between treatments for any of the chemical composition variables (P = 0.86). Mean values for DM, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber and total digestible nutrients were 22.31%, 6.65%, 71.15% and 42.07%, respectively. There was a higher concentration of butyric acid in the control silage compared to Silotrato® silage. The control silage and silage treated with Biotrato® presented effluent losses (P = 0.05) 13.99% higher than silage with Silotrato®. For ensiling BRS capiaçu grass, it is recommended to use lactic acid bacteria containing 5% fibrolytic enzymes.

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the gonadosomatic index (GSI) and the weight/length ratio in important shrimp populations (Xiphopenaeus kroyeri (Heller, 1862), Litopenaeus schmitti (Burkenroad, 1936), Rimapenaeus constrictus (Stimpson, 1874)) from the northern littoral of São Paulo State. The samples were collected between 2015 and 2016, with 212 females that were identified, classified according to their gonadal development stage, and measured (CL). The gonads were macroscopically classified into immature, spent and developed, and were then removed. Both body (BodW) and gonad (GonW) dry weights were obtained in order to calculate the gonadosomatic index. Weight/length relationship and weight gain rate were assessed. The weight gain presented negative allometry, indicating that the animals grow faster than they gain weight. The weight/length relationship showed a pattern of continuous reproduction, as previously determined for tropical species. From the GSI values, it was possible to separate the three predetermined gonadal stages, proving that macroscopic evaluation is reliable for evaluating the reproductive period of these shrimps. These results can be used as a guide for fishery stocks management and monitoring.

Abstract The crayfish Procambarus clarkii (Girard, 1852) is a native species from the south-central region of the USA and northeastern Mexico that has been introduced to all continents except Antarctica and Oceania. In Brazil, P. clarkii has 17 established populations, all found in the southeastern region. The studied specimens were obtained at Ribeirão Claro municipality (23°11’38”S 49°45’28”W) in Paraná State, southern Brazil, in fish ponds from a private property near the Paranapanema River reservoir. Sampling was performed in September 2013 and March 2015, yielding a total of 13 crayfish specimens. Interviews with residents and workers at the sampling sites revealed that the aquarium trade could be an important introductory pathway, since the first crayfish observed had been released into nature shortly after being purchased at a pet shop in the neighboring state of São Paulo; even though current legislation forbids their importation, transportation, and commercialization.

Abstract While previous studies on Alpheus formosus Gibbes, 1850 focused on taxonomic and phylogenetic issues, the present study provides information on the biology and ecology of this snapping shrimp, a representative coral reef species widely distributed in the Atlantic Ocean. We studied A. formosus between 2015 and 2016 on two islands in São Paulo state, Brazil: Laje de Santos and Vitoria Island. We analyzed 47 specimens from Laje de Santos and 44 from Vitoria Island. Individuals ranged in size from 2.0 mm to 13.99 mm CL. The mean number of embryos attached to the pleopods of females was 211.28 ± 312.8 in Laje de Santos and 125.2 ± 177.8 in Vitoria Island. This species should be included in monitoring programs of coral ecosystems they inhabit as A. formosus represents a key element in trophic dynamics of these ecosystems.

Abstract This work describes the analysis of different chicken tissues (gizzard, heart, and liver) both raw and cooked with seasonings in different types of cooking pots (iron pot, , aluminum pot and hammered aluminum pot) commonly used in Brazil. The samples were decomposed using microwave-assisted digestion with diluted nitric acid; and the contents of Al, Ca, Cu, Fe, Mn and Ni were determined using Microwave Induced Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (MIP OES). The Fe content was also determined by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry, and the comparison showed good accuracy of the method. The limits of quantification were below 0.011 mg kg-1, showing adequate detectability. Cooking in the different pots increased the ash and protein contents as well as decreased the moisture content. Box-plot and Principal Components Analysis showed that Ca and Fe contents present the largest variations in the samples, followed by Al and moisture. The variables Al, Cu, Mn, Ni, ash, and protein presented similar behavior after cooking in all different pots. In addition, liver cooked in both iron and hammered aluminum pots presented similar Fe contents, while gizzard and heart showed similar Ca contents.

Objetivo: Analisar a prevalência e fatores associados à obesidade em alunos com deficiência das escolas municipais de Montes Claros-MG. Metodologia: Estudo descritivo de abordagem quantitativa, observacional, de corte transversal. Para realização deste estudo foi aplicado um questionário sócio demográfico e comportamental. Em seguida foi feita uma avaliação antropométrica da estatura e peso, para obtenção do Índice de Massa Corporal. Foi utilizada uma análise estatística descritiva e o teste qui-quadrado. Resultados: Participaram do estudo 85 alunos com deficiências, das quais 50,6% (n=43) eram do sexo feminino e 49,4% (n=42) masculinos. Pode-se observar que a maioria da amostra encontra-se com perfil eutrofico (70,6%). Entretanto, a prevalência de alunos sobrepesos/obesos (29,4%) é acentuada. Pode-se observar associação significativa da alteração do IMC apenas com a variável ingestão de frutas (p= 0,007). Conclusão: O presente estudo apresentou elevada prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade entre alunos com NEE e também foi identificada a inatividade física e maus hábitos alimentares, onde pode ser observada uma associação entre os alunos com obesidade e o consumo de frutas. ABSTRACT Prevalence and factors associated with obesity in students with disabilities in the municipal schools of Montes Claros-MG Objective: To analyze the prevalence and factors associated with obesity in children with special educational needs (SEN) of the municipal school system of Montes Claros-MG. Methodology: Descriptive study of a quantitative, observational, cross-sectional approach. For this study, a socio-demographic and behavioral questionnaire was applied. An anthropometric evaluation of height and weight was then performed to obtain the Body Mass Index. A descriptive statistical analysis and the chi-square test were used. Results: 85 students with SEN were included in the study, of which 50.6% (n = 43) were female and 49.4% (n = 42) were male. It can be observed that the majority of the sample has a eutrophic profile (70.6%). However, the prevalence of overweight / obese students (29.4%) is accentuated. A significant association of BMI alteration can be observed only with the variable fruit intake (p = 0.007). Conclusion: The present study showed a high prevalence of overweight and obesity among students with SEN and it was also identified the physical inactivity and poor eating habits, where an association can be observed between students with obesity and fruit consumption.

Resumo No presente trabalho, a técnica de espectrometria de emissão óptica com plasma induzido por micro-ondas foi empregada para determinar as concentrações de Al, Cd, Cu, Hg, Mg, Sb e Zn em amostras de peixes (bagre, tainha, traíra, pintado e corvina) e de Al, Ba, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Ti e Zn em amostras de camarão-rosa (Farfantepenaeus paulensis). As amostras foram preparadas usando a decomposição ácida com o sistema de refluxo. Para as análises de peixes, fez-se a comparação de dois sistemas de introdução de amostras no plasma: a nebulização convencional e o sistema multimode . Para se obterem as melhores condições utilizando o sistema multimode, parâmetros, como a concentração de HCl e do agente redutor NaBH4, foram investigados. A exatidão do método foi avaliada através de análises de materiais de referência certificados e de testes de adição de analito. As recuperações obtidas foram satisfatórias para ambas as amostras. Para os peixes, os melhores resultados foram obtidos usando o sistema multimode e as concentrações encontradas (em mg kg-1) foram 6,43 a 24,7 para Al; 0,41 a 6,6 para Cu; 168,2 a 211,2 para Mg, e 23,1 para Zn. Para as amostras de camarão-rosa, as concentrações máximas (em mg kg-1) encontradas foram: 92,1 para Al; 1.070 para Ca; 4,57 para Cu; 87,9 para Fe; 451 para Mg; 8,9 para Mn, e 29,2 para Zn. Todas as concentrações de Cd, Cu, Pb e Zn encontradas estão dentro dos limites permitidos pela legislação vigente no Brasil, para pescados. Os resultados obtidos mostraram a adequabilidade do método utilizando a técnica de MIP OES para determinação multielementar em amostras de peixe e camarão-rosa.

Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus has been identified as the main nosocomial agent of neonatal late-onset sepsis. However, based on the pharmacokinetics and erratic distribution of vancomycin, recommended empirical dose is not ideal, due to the inappropriate serum levels that have been measured in neonates. The aim of this study was to evaluate serum levels of vancomycin used in newborns and compare the prediction of adequate serum levels based on doses calculated according to mg/kg/day and m2/day. This is an observational reprospective cohort at a referral neonatal unit, from 2011 to 2013. Newborns treated with vancomycin for the first episode of late-onset sepsis were included. Total dose in mg/kg/day, dose/m2/day, age, weight, body surface and gestational age were identified as independent variables. For predictive analysis of adequate serum levels, multiple linear regressions were performed. The Receiver Operating Characteristic curve for proper serum vancomycin levels was also obtained. A total of 98 patients received 169 serum dosages of the drug, 41 (24.3%) of the doses had serum levels that were defined as appropriate. Doses prescribed in mg/kg/day and dose/m2/day predicted serum levels in only 9% and 4% of cases, respectively. Statistical significance was observed with higher doses when the serum levels were considered as appropriate (p

Abstract We determined the infestation rate of Probopyrus sp. in populations of Palaemon pandaliformis (Stimpson, 1871) and P. northropi (Rankin, 1898) in the Ubatumirim River, localized in a mangrove ecosystem on Ubatumirim Beach, northern coast of the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Samplings were carried out monthly from April 2003 to March 2004. Monthly prevalence varied from 0 to 4.94 % for P. pandaliformis, and from 0 to 4.54 % for P. northropi. This is the first record of Probopyrus sp. infesting the studied species in this region. Species of Probopyrus (Giard and Bonnier, 1888) seem to have a high plasticity with regard to palaemonid hosts, as they can be parasites of shrimps in both Palaemon (Fabricius, 1798) and Macrobrachium (Spence Bate, 1868). The linear relationships between the parasite and host sizes suggest that the parasite infests both hosts early in their development. We concluded that the infestation of Probopyrus sp. has little impact on Palaemon populations, mostly due to the low prevalence of infestation.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The prophylactic effect of ondansetron on subarachnoid morphine-induced pruritus is controversial, while evidence suggests that droperidol prevents pruritus. The aim of this study is to compare the effects of droperidol and ondansetron on subarachnoid morphine-induced pruritus.METHODS: 180 ASA I or II patients scheduled to undergo cesarean sections under subarachnoid anesthesia combined with morphine 0.2 mg were randomized to receive, after the child's birth, metoclopramide 10 mg (Group I - control), droperidol 2.5 mg (Group II) or ondansetron 8 mg (Group III). Postoperatively, the patients were assessed for pruritus (absent, mild, moderate or severe) or other side effects by blinded investigators. Patients were also blinded to their group allocation. The tendency to present more severe forms of pruritus was compared between groups. NNT was also determined.RESULTS: Patients assigned to receive droperidol [Proportional odds ratio: 0.45 (95% confidence interval 0.23-0.88)] reported less pruritus than those who received metoclopramide. Ondansetron effect was similar to metoclopramide [Proportional odds ratio: 0.95 (95% confidence interval 0.49-1.83)]. The NNT for droperidol and ondansetron was 4.0 and 14.7, respectively.CONCLUSIONS: Ondansetron does not inhibit subarachnoid morphine-induced pruritus.

Resumo Neste trabalho, é descrito o desenvolvimento de um método analítico para análise de amostras de cervejas por técnicas de espectrometria. As amostras foram preparadas por decomposição em meio ácido, em um sistema de refluxo, e as determinações foram realizadas por F AAS (Fe, Mg e Zn), F AES (Na) e MIP OES (Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni e Zn). As melhores condições para a decomposição da amostra foram obtidas através de estudo com delineamento composto central rotacional: volume de 10,0 mL de cerveja desgaseificada, adição de 5,0 mL de HNO3 e 2,0 mL H2O2, seguida por uma etapa de aquecimento em bloco digestor a 160 °C, por 93 min. Os limites de quantificação do método foram ≤ 0,100 mg L-1 para todos os elementos investigados, independentemente da técnica analítica utilizada, ficando abaixo, por exemplo, dos valores estipulados para Zn e Ni, pela Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária do Brasil. Os estudos comparativos entre as diferentes técnicas avaliadas mostraram, pelo teste T com nível de 90% de confiança, que não há diferença significativa para as determinações de Fe, Mg, Na e Zn nas amostras de cerveja. O método de preparo da amostra proposto mostrou ser simples, rápido, de baixo custo e confiável, para análise de cervejas nas diferentes técnicas de espectrometria atômica.