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1. In-situ crystallographic mapping constrains sulfate deposition and timing in Jezero crater, Mars

Author

Jones, Michael W. M., Flannery, David T., Hurowitz, Joel A., Tice, Mike T., Schrank, Christoph E., Allwood, Abigail C., Tosca, Nicholas J., Catling, David C., VanBommel, Scott J., Knight, Abigail L., Ganly, Briana, Siebach, Kirsten L., Benison, Kathleen C., Broz, Adrian P., Zorzano, Maria-Paz, Heirwegh, Chris M., Orenstein, Brendan J., Clark, Benton C., Sinclair, Kimberly P., Shumway, Andrew O., Wade, Lawrence A., Davidoff, Scott, Nemere, Peter, Wright, Austin P., Galvin, Adrian E., Randazzo, Nicholas, Martinez-Frias, Jesus, and ONeil, Lauren P.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

Late-stage Ca-sulfate-filled fractures are common on Mars. Notably, the Shenandoah formation in the western edge of Jezero crater preserves a variety of Ca-sulfate minerals in the fine-grained siliciclastic rocks explored by the Perseverance rover. However, the depositional environment and timing of the formation of these sulfates is unknown. To address this outstanding problem, we developed a new technique to map the crystal textures of these sulfates in situ at two stratigraphically similar locations in the Shenandoah formation, allowing us to constrain the burial depth and paleoenvironment at the time of their deposition. Our results suggest that some Ca-sulfate analyzed was formed at a burial depth greater than 80m, whereas Ca-sulfates present at another outcrop likely precipitated in a shallow-subsurface environment. These results indicate that samples collected for potential return to Earth at the two studied locations capture two different times and distinct chemical conditions in the depositional history of the Shenandoah formation providing multiple opportunities to evaluate surface and subsurface habitability.

Published
2024

2. Habitability Models for Astrobiology

Author

Méndez, Abel, Rivera-Valentín, Edgard E., Schulze-Makuch, Dirk, Filiberto, Justin, Ramírez, Ramses M., Wood, Tana, Dávila, Alfonso, McKay, Chris, Ceballos, Kevin N. Ortiz, Jusino-Maldonado, Marcos, Torres-Santiago, Nicole J., Nery, Guillermo, Heller, René, Byrne, Paul K., Malaska, Michael J., Nathan, Erica, Simões, Marta F., Antunes, André, Martínez-Frías, Jesús, Carone, Ludmila, Izenberg, Noam R., Atri, Dimitra, Chitty, Humberto I. Carvajal, Nowajewski-Barra, Priscilla, Rivera-Hernández, Frances, Brown, Corine, Lynch, Kennda, Catling, David, Zuluaga, Jorge I., Salazar, Juan F., Chen, Howard, González, Grizelle, Jagadeesh, Madhu Kashyap, and Haqq-Misra, Jacob

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Quantitative Biology - Quantitative Methods
Abstract

Habitability has been generally defined as the capability of an environment to support life. Ecologists have been using Habitat Suitability Models (HSMs) for more than four decades to study the habitability of Earth from local to global scales. Astrobiologists have been proposing different habitability models for some time, with little integration and consistency among them, being different in function to those used by ecologists. Habitability models are not only used to determine if environments are habitable or not, but they also are used to characterize what key factors are responsible for the gradual transition from low to high habitability states. Here we review and compare some of the different models used by ecologists and astrobiologists and suggest how they could be integrated into new habitability standards. Such standards will help to improve the comparison and characterization of potentially habitable environments, prioritize target selections, and study correlations between habitability and biosignatures. Habitability models are the foundation of planetary habitability science and the synergy between ecologists and astrobiologists is necessary to expand our understanding of the habitability of Earth, the Solar System, and extrasolar planets., Comment: Published in Astrobiology, 21(8). arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2007.05491

Published
2021
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4. Habitability Models for Planetary Sciences

Author

Méndez, Abel, Rivera-Valentín, Edgard G., Schulze-Makuch, Dirk, Filiberto, Justin, Ramírez, Ramses, Wood, Tana E., Dávila, Alfonso, McKay, Chris, Ceballos, Kevin Ortiz, Jusino-Maldonado, Marcos, Nery, Guillermo, Heller, René, Byrne, Paul, Malaska, Michael J., Nathan, Erica, Simões, Marta Filipa, Antunes, André, Martínez-Frías, Jesús, Carone, Ludmila, Izenberg, Noam R., Atri, Dimitra, Chitty, Humberto Itic Carvajal, Nowajewski-Barra, Priscilla, Rivera-Hernández, Frances, Brown, Corine, Lynch, Kennda, Catling, David, Zuluaga, Jorge I., Salazar, Juan F., Chen, Howard, González, Grizelle, Jagadeesh, Madhu Kashyap, Barnes, Rory, Cockell, Charles S., and Haqq-Misra, Jacob

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

Habitability has been generally defined as the capability of an environment to support life. Ecologists have been using Habitat Suitability Models (HSMs) for more than four decades to study the habitability of Earth from local to global scales. Astrobiologists have been proposing different habitability models for some time, with little integration and consistency between them and different in function to those used by ecologists. In this white paper, we suggest a mass-energy habitability model as an example of how to adapt and expand the models used by ecologists to the astrobiology field. We propose to implement these models into a NASA Habitability Standard (NHS) to standardize the habitability objectives of planetary missions. These standards will help to compare and characterize potentially habitable environments, prioritize target selections, and study correlations between habitability and biosignatures. Habitability models are the foundation of planetary habitability science. The synergy between the methods used by ecologists and astrobiologists will help to integrate and expand our understanding of the habitability of Earth, the Solar System, and exoplanets., Comment: White Paper for the Planetary Science and Astrobiology Decadal Survey 2023-2032

Published
2020

5. The power of paired proximity science observations: Co-located data from SHERLOC and PIXL on Mars

Author

Razzell Hollis, Joseph, Moore, Kelsey R., Sharma, Sunanda, Beegle, Luther, Grotzinger, John P., Allwood, Abigail, Abbey, William, Bhartia, Rohit, Brown, Adrian J., Clark, Benton, Cloutis, Edward, Corpolongo, Andrea, Henneke, Jesper, Hickman-Lewis, Keyron, Hurowitz, Joel A., Jones, Michael W.M., Liu, Yang, Martinez-Frías, Jesús, Murphy, Ashley, Pedersen, David A.K., Shkolyar, Svetlana, Siljeström, Sandra, Steele, Andrew, Tice, Mike, Treiman, Alan, Uckert, Kyle, VanBommel, Scott, and Yanchilina, Anastasia

Published
2022
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6. Geoethics

Author

Martínez-Frías, Jesús, Gargaud, Muriel, editor, Irvine, William M., editor, Amils, Ricardo, editor, Claeys, Philippe, editor, Cleaves, Henderson James, editor, Gerin, Maryvonne, editor, Rouan, Daniel, editor, Spohn, Tilman, editor, Tirard, Stéphane, editor, and Viso, Michel, editor

Published
2023
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7. REDESPA

Author

Martínez-Frías, Jesús, Gargaud, Muriel, editor, Irvine, William M., editor, Amils, Ricardo, editor, Claeys, Philippe, editor, Cleaves, Henderson James, editor, Gerin, Maryvonne, editor, Rouan, Daniel, editor, Spohn, Tilman, editor, Tirard, Stéphane, editor, and Viso, Michel, editor

Published
2023
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8. Volcanic Caves of Lanzarote: A Natural Laboratory for Understanding Volcano-Speleogenetic Processes and Planetary Caves

Author

Sauro, Francesco, Pozzobon, Riccardo, Santagata, Tommaso, Tomasi, Ilaria, Tonello, Matteo, Martínez-Frías, Jesús, Smets, Laurens M. Johannes, Santana Gómez, Gustavo David, Massironi, Matteo, Eder, Wolfgang, Series Editor, Bobrowsky, Peter T., Series Editor, Martínez-Frías, Jesús, Series Editor, Mateo, Elena, editor, and Vegas, Juana, editor

Published
2019
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9. Lanzarote: Mars on Earth

Author

Martínez-Frías, Jesús, Mateo, Elena, Eder, Wolfgang, Series Editor, Bobrowsky, Peter T., Series Editor, Martínez-Frías, Jesús, Series Editor, Mateo, Elena, editor, and Vegas, Juana, editor

Published
2019
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10. Radiation-induced alteration of apatite on the surface of Mars:first in situ observations with SuperCam Raman onboard Perseverance

Author

Clavé, E., Beyssac, O., Bernard, S., Royer, C., Lopez-Reyes, G., Schröder, S., Rammelkamp, K., Forni, O., Fau, A., Cousin, A., Manrique, J. A., Ollila, A., Madariaga, J. M., Aramendia, J., Sharma, S. K., Fornaro, T., Maurice, S., Wiens, R. C., Acosta-Maeda, Tayro, Agard, Christophe, Alberquilla, Fernando, Alvarez Llamas, Cesar, Anderson, Ryan, Applin, Daniel, Aramendia, Julene, Arana, Gorka, Beal, Roberta, Beck, Pierre, Bedford, Candice, Benzerara, Karim, Bernard, Sylvain, Bernardi, Pernelle, Bertrand, Tanguy, Beyssac, Olivier, Bloch, Thierry, Bonnet, Jean-Yves, Bousquet, Bruno, Boustelitane, Abderrahmane, Bouyssou Mann, Magali, Brand, Matthew, Cais, Philippe, Caravaca, Gwenael, De Pinedo, Kepa Castro Ortiz, Cazalla, Charlene, Charpentier, Antoine, Chide, Baptiste, Clavé, Elise, Clegg, Samuel, Cloutis, Ed, Coloma, Leire, Comellas, Jade, Connell, Stephanie, Cousin, Agnes, DeFlores, Lauren, Dehouck, Erwin, Delapp, Dot, Perez, Tomas Delgado, Deron, Robin, Donny, Christophe, Doressoundiram, Alain, Dromart, Gilles, Essunfeld, Ari, Fabre, Cecile, Fau, Amaury, Fischer, Woodward, Follic, Hugo, Forni, Olivier, Fouchet, Thierry, Francis, Raymond, Frydenvang, Jens, Gabriel, Travis, Gallegos, Zachary, García-Florentino, Cristina, Gasda, Patrick, Gasnault, Olivier, Gibbons, Erin, Gillier, Martin, Gomez, Laura, Gonzalez, Sofia, Grotzinger, John, Huidobro, Jennifer, Jacob, Xavier, Johnson, Jeffrey, Kalucha, Hemani, Kelly, Evan, Knutsen, Elise, Lacombe, Gaetan, Lamarque, Florentin, Lanza, Nina, Larmat, Carene, Laserna, Javier, Lasue, Jeremie, Le Deit, Laetitia, Le Mouelic, Stephane, Legett, Chip, Leveille, Richard, Lewin, Eric, Little, Cynthia, Loche, Mattéo, Lopez Reyes, Guillermo, Lorenz, Ralph, Lorigny, Eric, Madariaga, Juan Manuel, Madsen, Morten, Mandon, Lucia, Manelski, Henry, Mangold, Nicolas, Martinez, Jose Manrique, Martin, Noah, Martinez Frias, Jesus, Maurice, Sylvestre, Mcconnochie, Timothy, McLennan, Scott, Melikechi, Noureddine, Meslin, Pierre Yves, Meunier, Frederique, Mimoun, David, Montagnac, Gilles, Montmessin, Franck, Moros, Javier, Mousset, Valerie, Murdoch, Naomi, Nelson, Tony, Newell, Ray, Nicolas, Cécile, Newsom, Horton, O’Shea, Colleen, Ollila, Ann, Pantalacci, Philippe, Parmentier, Jonathan, Peret, Laurent, Perrachon, Pascal, Pilleri, Paolo, Pilorget, Cédric, Pinet, Patrick, Poblacion, Iratxe, Poulet, Francois, Quantin Nataf, Cathy, Rapin, William, Reyes, Ivan, Rigaud, Laurent, Robinson, Scott, Rochas, Ludovic, Root, Margaret, Ropert, Eloise, Rouverand, Léa, Royer, Clement, Perez, Fernando Rull, Said, David, Sans-Jofre, Pierre, Schroeder, Susanne, Seel, Fabian, Sharma, Shiv, Sheridan, Amanda, Sobron Sanchez, Pablo, Stcherbinine, Aurélien, Stott, Alex, Toplis, Michael, Turenne, Nathalie, Veneranda, Marco, Venhaus, Dawn, Wiens, Roger, Wolf, Uriah, Zastrow, Allison, Clavé, E., Beyssac, O., Bernard, S., Royer, C., Lopez-Reyes, G., Schröder, S., Rammelkamp, K., Forni, O., Fau, A., Cousin, A., Manrique, J. A., Ollila, A., Madariaga, J. M., Aramendia, J., Sharma, S. K., Fornaro, T., Maurice, S., Wiens, R. C., Acosta-Maeda, Tayro, Agard, Christophe, Alberquilla, Fernando, Alvarez Llamas, Cesar, Anderson, Ryan, Applin, Daniel, Aramendia, Julene, Arana, Gorka, Beal, Roberta, Beck, Pierre, Bedford, Candice, Benzerara, Karim, Bernard, Sylvain, Bernardi, Pernelle, Bertrand, Tanguy, Beyssac, Olivier, Bloch, Thierry, Bonnet, Jean-Yves, Bousquet, Bruno, Boustelitane, Abderrahmane, Bouyssou Mann, Magali, Brand, Matthew, Cais, Philippe, Caravaca, Gwenael, De Pinedo, Kepa Castro Ortiz, Cazalla, Charlene, Charpentier, Antoine, Chide, Baptiste, Clavé, Elise, Clegg, Samuel, Cloutis, Ed, Coloma, Leire, Comellas, Jade, Connell, Stephanie, Cousin, Agnes, DeFlores, Lauren, Dehouck, Erwin, Delapp, Dot, Perez, Tomas Delgado, Deron, Robin, Donny, Christophe, Doressoundiram, Alain, Dromart, Gilles, Essunfeld, Ari, Fabre, Cecile, Fau, Amaury, Fischer, Woodward, Follic, Hugo, Forni, Olivier, Fouchet, Thierry, Francis, Raymond, Frydenvang, Jens, Gabriel, Travis, Gallegos, Zachary, García-Florentino, Cristina, Gasda, Patrick, Gasnault, Olivier, Gibbons, Erin, Gillier, Martin, Gomez, Laura, Gonzalez, Sofia, Grotzinger, John, Huidobro, Jennifer, Jacob, Xavier, Johnson, Jeffrey, Kalucha, Hemani, Kelly, Evan, Knutsen, Elise, Lacombe, Gaetan, Lamarque, Florentin, Lanza, Nina, Larmat, Carene, Laserna, Javier, Lasue, Jeremie, Le Deit, Laetitia, Le Mouelic, Stephane, Legett, Chip, Leveille, Richard, Lewin, Eric, Little, Cynthia, Loche, Mattéo, Lopez Reyes, Guillermo, Lorenz, Ralph, Lorigny, Eric, Madariaga, Juan Manuel, Madsen, Morten, Mandon, Lucia, Manelski, Henry, Mangold, Nicolas, Martinez, Jose Manrique, Martin, Noah, Martinez Frias, Jesus, Maurice, Sylvestre, Mcconnochie, Timothy, McLennan, Scott, Melikechi, Noureddine, Meslin, Pierre Yves, Meunier, Frederique, Mimoun, David, Montagnac, Gilles, Montmessin, Franck, Moros, Javier, Mousset, Valerie, Murdoch, Naomi, Nelson, Tony, Newell, Ray, Nicolas, Cécile, Newsom, Horton, O’Shea, Colleen, Ollila, Ann, Pantalacci, Philippe, Parmentier, Jonathan, Peret, Laurent, Perrachon, Pascal, Pilleri, Paolo, Pilorget, Cédric, Pinet, Patrick, Poblacion, Iratxe, Poulet, Francois, Quantin Nataf, Cathy, Rapin, William, Reyes, Ivan, Rigaud, Laurent, Robinson, Scott, Rochas, Ludovic, Root, Margaret, Ropert, Eloise, Rouverand, Léa, Royer, Clement, Perez, Fernando Rull, Said, David, Sans-Jofre, Pierre, Schroeder, Susanne, Seel, Fabian, Sharma, Shiv, Sheridan, Amanda, Sobron Sanchez, Pablo, Stcherbinine, Aurélien, Stott, Alex, Toplis, Michael, Turenne, Nathalie, Veneranda, Marco, Venhaus, Dawn, Wiens, Roger, Wolf, Uriah, and Zastrow, Allison

Abstract

Planetary exploration relies considerably on mineral characterization to advance our understanding of the solar system, the planets and their evolution. Thus, we must understand past and present processes that can alter materials exposed on the surface, affecting space mission data. Here, we analyze the first dataset monitoring the evolution of a known mineral target in situ on the Martian surface, brought there as a SuperCam calibration target onboard the Perseverance rover. We used Raman spectroscopy to monitor the crystalline state of a synthetic apatite sample over the first 950 Martian days (sols) of the Mars2020 mission. We note significant variations in the Raman spectra acquired on this target, specifically a decrease in the relative contribution of the Raman signal to the total signal. These observations are consistent with the results of a UV-irradiation test performed in the laboratory under conditions mimicking ambient Martian conditions. We conclude that the observed evolution reflects an alteration of the material, specifically the creation of electronic defects, due to its exposure to the Martian environment and, in particular, UV irradiation. This ongoing process of alteration of the Martian surface needs to be taken into account for mineralogical space mission data analysis.

Published
2024

11. The SuperCam Instrument Suite on the NASA Mars 2020 Rover: Body Unit and Combined System Tests

Author

Wiens, Roger C., Maurice, Sylvestre, Robinson, Scott H., Nelson, Anthony E., Cais, Philippe, Bernardi, Pernelle, Newell, Raymond T., Clegg, Sam, Sharma, Shiv K., Storms, Steven, Deming, Jonathan, Beckman, Darrel, Ollila, Ann M., Gasnault, Olivier, Anderson, Ryan B., André, Yves, Michael Angel, S., Arana, Gorka, Auden, Elizabeth, Beck, Pierre, Becker, Joseph, Benzerara, Karim, Bernard, Sylvain, Beyssac, Olivier, Borges, Louis, Bousquet, Bruno, Boyd, Kerry, Caffrey, Michael, Carlson, Jeffrey, Castro, Kepa, Celis, Jorden, Chide, Baptiste, Clark, Kevin, Cloutis, Edward, Cordoba, Elizabeth C., Cousin, Agnes, Dale, Magdalena, Deflores, Lauren, Delapp, Dorothea, Deleuze, Muriel, Dirmyer, Matthew, Donny, Christophe, Dromart, Gilles, George Duran, M., Egan, Miles, Ervin, Joan, Fabre, Cecile, Fau, Amaury, Fischer, Woodward, Forni, Olivier, Fouchet, Thierry, Fresquez, Reuben, Frydenvang, Jens, Gasway, Denine, Gontijo, Ivair, Grotzinger, John, Jacob, Xavier, Jacquinod, Sophie, Johnson, Jeffrey R., Klisiewicz, Roberta A., Lake, James, Lanza, Nina, Laserna, Javier, Lasue, Jeremie, Le Mouélic, Stéphane, Legett, IV, Carey, Leveille, Richard, Lewin, Eric, Lopez-Reyes, Guillermo, Lorenz, Ralph, Lorigny, Eric, Love, Steven P., Lucero, Briana, Madariaga, Juan Manuel, Madsen, Morten, Madsen, Soren, Mangold, Nicolas, Manrique, Jose Antonio, Martinez, J. P., Martinez-Frias, Jesus, McCabe, Kevin P., McConnochie, Timothy H., McGlown, Justin M., McLennan, Scott M., Melikechi, Noureddine, Meslin, Pierre-Yves, Michel, John M., Mimoun, David, Misra, Anupam, Montagnac, Gilles, Montmessin, Franck, Mousset, Valerie, Murdoch, Naomi, Newsom, Horton, Ott, Logan A., Ousnamer, Zachary R., Pares, Laurent, Parot, Yann, Pawluczyk, Rafal, Glen Peterson, C., Pilleri, Paolo, Pinet, Patrick, Pont, Gabriel, Poulet, Francois, Provost, Cheryl, Quertier, Benjamin, Quinn, Heather, Rapin, William, Reess, Jean-Michel, Regan, Amy H., Reyes-Newell, Adriana L., Romano, Philip J., Royer, Clement, Rull, Fernando, Sandoval, Benigno, Sarrao, Joseph H., Sautter, Violaine, Schoppers, Marcel J., Schröder, Susanne, Seitz, Daniel, Shepherd, Terra, Sobron, Pablo, Dubois, Bruno, Sridhar, Vishnu, Toplis, Michael J., Torre-Fdez, Imanol, Trettel, Ian A., Underwood, Mark, Valdez, Andres, Valdez, Jacob, Venhaus, Dawn, and Willis, Peter

Published
2021
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12. Corrigendum to “Connecting molecular biomarkers, mineralogical composition, and microbial diversity from Mars analog lava tubes” [Sci. Total Environ. 913 (2024) 169583]

Author

Palma, Vera, González-Pimentel, José L., Jimenez-Morillo, Nicasio T., Sauro, Francesco, Gutiérrez-Patricio, Sara, De la Rosa, José M., Tomasi, Ilaria, Massironi, Matteo, Onac, Bogdan P., Tiago, Igor, González-Pérez, José A., Laiz, Leonila, Caldeira, Ana T., Martínez-Frías, Jesús, Cubero, Beatriz, and Miller, Ana Z.

Published
2024
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16. Jezero Crater Floor and Delta Chemistry and Mineralogy Observed by SuperCam in the First 1.5 Years of the Perseverance Rover Mission

Author

Wiens, Roger, Maurice, Sylvestre, Clegg, Samuel, Cousin, Agnès, Dehouck, Erwin, Udry, Arya, Beyssac, Olivier, Quantin-Nataf, Cathy, Mangold, Nicolas, Mandon, Lucia, Forni, Olivier, Benzerara, Karim, Johnson, Jeffrey Roy, Anderson, Ryan, Gasda, Patrick, Royer, Clément, Madariaga, Juan Manuel, Pinedo, Kepa Castro Ortiz De, Arana, Gorka, Meslin, Pierre-Yves, Ollila, Ann, Legett, Carey, Poulet, François, Sharma, Shiv, Comellas, Jade, Chide, Baptiste, Acosta-Maeda, Tayro, Clave, Elise, Hausrath, Elisabeth, Simon, Justin, Bosak, Tanja, Brown, Adrian, Laserna, Javier, Alvarez, César, Lasue, Jérémie, Cloutis, Edward, Caravaca, Gwénaël, Connell, Stephanie, Wolf, Uriah, Sidhu, Sahejpal, Turenne, Nathalie, Ostwald, Amanda, Mouélic, Stéphane Le, Lopez-Reyes, Guillermo, Manrique, José, Veneranda, Marco, Pilleri, Paolo, Fouchet, Thierry, Pilorget, Cédric, Gabriel, Travis, Gibbons, Erin, Lanza, Nina, Larmat, Carene, Horgan, Briony, Nachon, Marion, Rapin, William, Manelski, Henry, Martinez-Frias, Jesus, Pinet, Patrick, Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Nevada [Las Vegas] (WGU Nevada), Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie (IMPMC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géosciences [UMR_C 6112] (LPG), Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Nantes université - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (Nantes univ - UFR ST), Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique = Laboratory of Space Studies and Instrumentation in Astrophysics (LESIA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory [Laurel, MD] (APL), United States Geological Survey (USGS), University of the Basque Country/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), University of Hawaii, University of Hawai‘i [Mānoa] (UHM), Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC), NASA, Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences [MIT, Cambridge] (EAPS), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), NASA Headquarters, Plancius Research LLC, Universidad de Málaga [Málaga] = University of Málaga [Málaga], University of Winnipeg, Universidad de Valladolid [Valladolid] (UVa), Astrogeology Science Center [Flagstaff], United States Geological Survey [Reston] (USGS), McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Purdue University, Texas A&M University [Galveston], Purdue University [West Lafayette], Instituto de Geociencias [Madrid] (IGEO), Universidad Complutense de Madrid = Complutense University of Madrid [Madrid] (UCM)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), and American Geophysical Union

Subjects
Jezero crater, [SDU.STU.PL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology, SuperCam, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], [SDU.STU.ST]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Stratigraphy, Mars 2020, sedimentology, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, mineralogy, geochemistry, petrography
Abstract

International audience; Jezero crater was chosen for exploration and sample collection by Perseverance due to its history as a lake with river deltas, its diverse mineralogy, including carbonates observed from orbit, and as a potential site to calibrate crater counting ages with radiometric dates of samples to be returned to Earth. This presentation focuses on the results of SuperCam, which uses LIBS for remote elemental chemistry, VISIR and remote Raman spectroscopy for mineral compositions and alteration, includes a microphone, and performs high-resolution imaging for textures and morphology. In the first year after landing, SuperCam and other instruments were used to explore Jezero’s floor. We found that all of the floor units are igneous, with lava flows comprising the upper units as part of the Máaz formation, while the lower formation, Séítah, is an olivine cumulate, produced by gravitational settling of olivine crystals in a large melt body. Artuby ridge, just outside the SW portion of Séítah and stratigraphically just above it, contains up to 60% pyroxene. The upper portions of the Máaz formation are more enriched in plagioclase, with the uppermost Ch’al member having the most evolved composition, along with the Content member, pitted rocks directly overlying the main cumulate portion of Séítah. After exploring the floor, Perseverance drove to the delta formation and began a walk-about style of observations starting at Enchanted Lake, just below an arm of the delta formation, and then moving into Hawksbill Gap, climbing 18 m in elevation between Devil’s Tanyard, Sunset Hill, and Hogwallow flats. Delta compositions initially displayed higher phyllosilicate contents, identified by absorptions at 1.4, 1.9, and 2.3 µm, and by higher LIBS H peak areas. Farther up, compositions changed to sulfur-bearing in lower locations within the continuous fine-grained light-toned strata (e.g., Pignut Mountain, Sol 463) and carbonate-rich in upper strata. Veins were observed, consisting of Mg-Fe carbonate (Elder Ridge, Sol 459) and anhydrite (Reid’s Gap, Sol 466). The sulfates suggest precipitation of these salts at a later stage, as the lake was evaporating. Carbonates and sulfates in veins in different locations indicate that groundwater was active in the lithified sediments and had significantly different chemistry at different intervals.

Published
2022

17. Compositionally and density stratified igneous terrain in Jezero crater, Mars

Author

Wiens, Roger C., Udry, Arya, Beyssac, Olivier, Quantin-Nataf, Cathy, Mangold, Nicolas, Cousin, Agnès, Mandon, Lucia, Bosak, Tanja, Forni, Olivier, McLennan, Scott M., Sautter, Violaine, Brown, Adrian, Benzerara, Karim, Johnson, Jeffrey R., Mayhew, Lisa, Maurice, Sylvestre, Anderson, Ryan B., Clegg, Samuel M., Crumpler, Larry, Gabriel, Travis S. J., Gasda, Patrick, Hall, James, Horgan, Briony H. N., Kah, Linda, Legett, Carey, Madariaga, Juan Manuel, Meslin, Pierre-Yves, Ollila, Ann M., Poulet, Francois, Royer, Clement, Sharma, Shiv K., Siljeström, Sandra, Simon, Justin I., Acosta-Maeda, Tayro E., Alvarez-Llamas, Cesar, Angel, S. Michael, Arana, Gorka, Beck, Pierre, Bernard, Sylvain, Bertrand, Tanguy, Bousquet, Bruno, Castro, Kepa, Chide, Baptiste, Clavé, Elise, Cloutis, Ed, Connell, Stephanie, Dehouck, Erwin, Dromart, Gilles, Fischer, Woodward, Fouchet, Thierry, Francis, Raymond, Frydenvang, Jens, Gasnault, Olivier, Gibbons, Erin, Gupta, Sanjeev, Hausrath, Elisabeth M., Jacob, Xavier, Kalucha, Hemani, Kelly, Evan, Knutsen, Elise, Lanza, Nina, Laserna, Javier, Lasue, Jeremie, Le Mouélic, Stéphane, Leveille, Richard, Lopez-Reyes, Guillermo, Lorenz, Ralph, Manrique, Jose Antonio, Martinez-Frias, Jesus, McConnochie, Tim, Melikechi, Noureddine, Mimoun, David, Montmessin, Franck, Moros, Javier, Murdoch, Naomi, Pilleri, Paolo, Pilorget, Cedric, Pinet, Patrick, Rapin, William, Rull, Fernando, Schröder, Susanne, Shuster, David L., Smith, Rebecca J., Stott, Alexander E., Tarnas, Jesse, Turenne, Nathalie, Veneranda, Marco, Vogt, David S., Weiss, Benjamin P., Willis, Peter, Stack, Kathryn M., Williford, Kenneth H., Farley, Kenneth A., Wiens, Roger C., Udry, Arya, Beyssac, Olivier, Quantin-Nataf, Cathy, Mangold, Nicolas, Cousin, Agnès, Mandon, Lucia, Bosak, Tanja, Forni, Olivier, McLennan, Scott M., Sautter, Violaine, Brown, Adrian, Benzerara, Karim, Johnson, Jeffrey R., Mayhew, Lisa, Maurice, Sylvestre, Anderson, Ryan B., Clegg, Samuel M., Crumpler, Larry, Gabriel, Travis S. J., Gasda, Patrick, Hall, James, Horgan, Briony H. N., Kah, Linda, Legett, Carey, Madariaga, Juan Manuel, Meslin, Pierre-Yves, Ollila, Ann M., Poulet, Francois, Royer, Clement, Sharma, Shiv K., Siljeström, Sandra, Simon, Justin I., Acosta-Maeda, Tayro E., Alvarez-Llamas, Cesar, Angel, S. Michael, Arana, Gorka, Beck, Pierre, Bernard, Sylvain, Bertrand, Tanguy, Bousquet, Bruno, Castro, Kepa, Chide, Baptiste, Clavé, Elise, Cloutis, Ed, Connell, Stephanie, Dehouck, Erwin, Dromart, Gilles, Fischer, Woodward, Fouchet, Thierry, Francis, Raymond, Frydenvang, Jens, Gasnault, Olivier, Gibbons, Erin, Gupta, Sanjeev, Hausrath, Elisabeth M., Jacob, Xavier, Kalucha, Hemani, Kelly, Evan, Knutsen, Elise, Lanza, Nina, Laserna, Javier, Lasue, Jeremie, Le Mouélic, Stéphane, Leveille, Richard, Lopez-Reyes, Guillermo, Lorenz, Ralph, Manrique, Jose Antonio, Martinez-Frias, Jesus, McConnochie, Tim, Melikechi, Noureddine, Mimoun, David, Montmessin, Franck, Moros, Javier, Murdoch, Naomi, Pilleri, Paolo, Pilorget, Cedric, Pinet, Patrick, Rapin, William, Rull, Fernando, Schröder, Susanne, Shuster, David L., Smith, Rebecca J., Stott, Alexander E., Tarnas, Jesse, Turenne, Nathalie, Veneranda, Marco, Vogt, David S., Weiss, Benjamin P., Willis, Peter, Stack, Kathryn M., Williford, Kenneth H., and Farley, Kenneth A.

Abstract

Before Perseverance, Jezero crater's floor was variably hypothesized to have a lacustrine, lava, volcanic airfall, or aeolian origin. SuperCam observations in the first 286 Mars days on Mars revealed a volcanic and intrusive terrain with compositional and density stratification. The dominant lithology along the traverse is basaltic, with plagioclase enrichment in stratigraphically higher locations. Stratigraphically lower, layered rocks are richer in normative pyroxene. The lowest observed unit has the highest inferred density and is olivine-rich with coarse (1.5 millimeters) euhedral, relatively unweathered grains, suggesting a cumulate origin. This is the first martian cumulate and shows similarities to martian meteorites, which also express olivine disequilibrium. Alteration materials including carbonates, sulfates, perchlorates, hydrated silicates, and iron oxides are pervasive but low in abundance, suggesting relatively brief lacustrine conditions. Orbital observations link the Jezero floor lithology to the broader Nili-Syrtis region, suggesting that density-driven compositional stratification is a regional characteristic.

Published
2022

18. The SuperCam Instrument Suite on the NASA Mars 2020 Rover:Body Unit and Combined System Tests

Author

Wiens, Roger C., Maurice, Sylvestre, Robinson, Scott H., Nelson, Anthony E., Cais, Philippe, Bernardi, Pernelle, Newell, Raymond T., Clegg, Sam, Sharma, Shiv K., Storms, Steven, Deming, Jonathan, Beckman, Darrel, Ollila, Ann M., Gasnault, Olivier, Anderson, Ryan B., André, Yves, Michael Angel, S., Arana, Gorka, Auden, Elizabeth, Beck, Pierre, Becker, Joseph, Benzerara, Karim, Bernard, Sylvain, Beyssac, Olivier, Borges, Louis, Bousquet, Bruno, Boyd, Kerry, Caffrey, Michael, Carlson, Jeffrey, Castro, Kepa, Celis, Jorden, Chide, Baptiste, Clark, Kevin, Cloutis, Edward, Cordoba, Elizabeth C., Cousin, Agnes, Dale, Magdalena, Deflores, Lauren, Delapp, Dorothea, Deleuze, Muriel, Dirmyer, Matthew, Donny, Christophe, Dromart, Gilles, George Duran, M., Egan, Miles, Ervin, Joan, Fabre, Cecile, Fau, Amaury, Fischer, Woodward, Forni, Olivier, Fouchet, Thierry, Fresquez, Reuben, Frydenvang, Jens, Gasway, Denine, Gontijo, Ivair, Grotzinger, John, Jacob, Xavier, Jacquinod, Sophie, Johnson, Jeffrey R., Klisiewicz, Roberta A., Lake, James, Lanza, Nina, Laserna, Javier, Lasue, Jeremie, Le Mouélic, Stéphane, Legett, Carey, Leveille, Richard, Lewin, Eric, Lopez-Reyes, Guillermo, Lorenz, Ralph, Lorigny, Eric, Love, Steven P., Lucero, Briana, Madariaga, Juan Manuel, Madsen, Morten, Madsen, Soren, Mangold, Nicolas, Manrique, Jose Antonio, Martinez, J. P., Martinez-Frias, Jesus, McCabe, Kevin P., McConnochie, Timothy H., McGlown, Justin M., McLennan, Scott M., Melikechi, Noureddine, Meslin, Pierre-Yves, Michel, John M., Mimoun, David, Misra, Anupam, Montagnac, Gilles, Montmessin, Franck, Mousset, Valerie, Murdoch, Naomi, Newsom, Horton, Ott, Logan A., Ousnamer, Zachary R., Pares, Laurent, Parot, Yann, Pawluczyk, Rafal, Glen Peterson, C., Pilleri, Paolo, Pinet, Patrick, Pont, Gabriel, Poulet, Francois, Provost, Cheryl, Quertier, Benjamin, Quinn, Heather, Rapin, William, Reess, Jean Michel, Regan, Amy H., Reyes-Newell, Adriana L., Romano, Philip J., Royer, Clement, Rull, Fernando, Sandoval, Benigno, Sarrao, Joseph H., Sautter, Violaine, Schoppers, Marcel J., Schröder, Susanne, Seitz, Daniel, Shepherd, Terra, Sobron, Pablo, Dubois, Bruno, Sridhar, Vishnu, Toplis, Michael J., Torre-Fdez, Imanol, Trettel, Ian A., Underwood, Mark, Valdez, Andres, Valdez, Jacob, Venhaus, Dawn, Willis, Peter, Wiens, Roger C., Maurice, Sylvestre, Robinson, Scott H., Nelson, Anthony E., Cais, Philippe, Bernardi, Pernelle, Newell, Raymond T., Clegg, Sam, Sharma, Shiv K., Storms, Steven, Deming, Jonathan, Beckman, Darrel, Ollila, Ann M., Gasnault, Olivier, Anderson, Ryan B., André, Yves, Michael Angel, S., Arana, Gorka, Auden, Elizabeth, Beck, Pierre, Becker, Joseph, Benzerara, Karim, Bernard, Sylvain, Beyssac, Olivier, Borges, Louis, Bousquet, Bruno, Boyd, Kerry, Caffrey, Michael, Carlson, Jeffrey, Castro, Kepa, Celis, Jorden, Chide, Baptiste, Clark, Kevin, Cloutis, Edward, Cordoba, Elizabeth C., Cousin, Agnes, Dale, Magdalena, Deflores, Lauren, Delapp, Dorothea, Deleuze, Muriel, Dirmyer, Matthew, Donny, Christophe, Dromart, Gilles, George Duran, M., Egan, Miles, Ervin, Joan, Fabre, Cecile, Fau, Amaury, Fischer, Woodward, Forni, Olivier, Fouchet, Thierry, Fresquez, Reuben, Frydenvang, Jens, Gasway, Denine, Gontijo, Ivair, Grotzinger, John, Jacob, Xavier, Jacquinod, Sophie, Johnson, Jeffrey R., Klisiewicz, Roberta A., Lake, James, Lanza, Nina, Laserna, Javier, Lasue, Jeremie, Le Mouélic, Stéphane, Legett, Carey, Leveille, Richard, Lewin, Eric, Lopez-Reyes, Guillermo, Lorenz, Ralph, Lorigny, Eric, Love, Steven P., Lucero, Briana, Madariaga, Juan Manuel, Madsen, Morten, Madsen, Soren, Mangold, Nicolas, Manrique, Jose Antonio, Martinez, J. P., Martinez-Frias, Jesus, McCabe, Kevin P., McConnochie, Timothy H., McGlown, Justin M., McLennan, Scott M., Melikechi, Noureddine, Meslin, Pierre-Yves, Michel, John M., Mimoun, David, Misra, Anupam, Montagnac, Gilles, Montmessin, Franck, Mousset, Valerie, Murdoch, Naomi, Newsom, Horton, Ott, Logan A., Ousnamer, Zachary R., Pares, Laurent, Parot, Yann, Pawluczyk, Rafal, Glen Peterson, C., Pilleri, Paolo, Pinet, Patrick, Pont, Gabriel, Poulet, Francois, Provost, Cheryl, Quertier, Benjamin, Quinn, Heather, Rapin, William, Reess, Jean Michel, Regan, Amy H., Reyes-Newell, Adriana L., Romano, Philip J., Royer, Clement, Rull, Fernando, Sandoval, Benigno, Sarrao, Joseph H., Sautter, Violaine, Schoppers, Marcel J., Schröder, Susanne, Seitz, Daniel, Shepherd, Terra, Sobron, Pablo, Dubois, Bruno, Sridhar, Vishnu, Toplis, Michael J., Torre-Fdez, Imanol, Trettel, Ian A., Underwood, Mark, Valdez, Andres, Valdez, Jacob, Venhaus, Dawn, and Willis, Peter

Abstract

The SuperCam instrument suite provides the Mars 2020 rover, Perseverance, with a number of versatile remote-sensing techniques that can be used at long distance as well as within the robotic-arm workspace. These include laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), remote time-resolved Raman and luminescence spectroscopies, and visible and infrared (VISIR; separately referred to as VIS and IR) reflectance spectroscopy. A remote micro-imager (RMI) provides high-resolution color context imaging, and a microphone can be used as a stand-alone tool for environmental studies or to determine physical properties of rocks and soils from shock waves of laser-produced plasmas. SuperCam is built in three parts: The mast unit (MU), consisting of the laser, telescope, RMI, IR spectrometer, and associated electronics, is described in a companion paper. The on-board calibration targets are described in another companion paper. Here we describe SuperCam’s body unit (BU) and testing of the integrated instrument. The BU, mounted inside the rover body, receives light from the MU via a 5.8 m optical fiber. The light is split into three wavelength bands by a demultiplexer, and is routed via fiber bundles to three optical spectrometers, two of which (UV and violet; 245–340 and 385–465 nm) are crossed Czerny-Turner reflection spectrometers, nearly identical to their counterparts on ChemCam. The third is a high-efficiency transmission spectrometer containing an optical intensifier capable of gating exposures to 100 ns or longer, with variable delay times relative to the laser pulse. This spectrometer covers 535–853 nm (105–7070cm−1 Raman shift relative to the 532 nm green laser beam) with 12cm−1 full-width at half-maximum peak resolution in the Raman fingerprint region. The BU electronics boards interface with the rover and control the instrument, returning data to the rover. Thermal systems maintain a warm temperature during cruise to Mars to avoid contamination on the optics, and cool t

Published
2021

19. Combined Spectroscopic Analysis of Terrestrial Analogs from a Simulated Astronaut Mission Using the Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) Raman Sensor: Implications for Mars

Author

Lalla, Emmanuel A., primary, Konstantinidis, Menalaos, additional, Lymer, Elizabeth, additional, Gilmour, Cosette M., additional, Freemantle, James, additional, Such, Pamela, additional, Cote, Kristen, additional, Groemer, Gernot, additional, Martinez-Frias, Jesus, additional, Cloutis, Edward A., additional, and Daly, Michael G., additional

Published
2021
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20. BIOMARS: A Foundational High-Resolution Environmental Sensor Array

Author

Cabrol, Nathalie, primary, Fenton, Lori K., additional, Warren-Rhodes, Kimberley, additional, Hines, John, additional, Hinman, Nancy, additional, Moersch, Jeffrey, additional, Sobron, Pablo, additional, Wettergreen, David S., additional, Zacny, Kris, additional, Race, Margaret, additional, Martinez-Frias, Jesus, additional, Paganelli, Flora, additional, Blank, Jen, additional, Landis, Geoffrey, additional, Fairen, Alberto, additional, Andersen, Dale, additional, Bishop, Janice, additional, Cartwright, Richard, additional, Dobrovolskis, Anthony, additional, Elowitz, Mark, additional, Kate, Inge Loes ten, additional, Shneider, Carl, additional, Gulick, Virginia, additional, Caldwell, Doug, additional, Diamond, Bill, additional, and Michaels, Timothy, additional

Published
2021
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21. The SuperCam Instrument Suite on the NASA Mars 2020 Rover: Body Unit and Combined System Tests

Author

Wiens, Roger C., primary, Maurice, Sylvestre, additional, Robinson, Scott H., additional, Nelson, Anthony E., additional, Cais, Philippe, additional, Bernardi, Pernelle, additional, Newell, Raymond T., additional, Clegg, Sam, additional, Sharma, Shiv K., additional, Storms, Steven, additional, Deming, Jonathan, additional, Beckman, Darrel, additional, Ollila, Ann M., additional, Gasnault, Olivier, additional, Anderson, Ryan B., additional, André, Yves, additional, Michael Angel, S., additional, Arana, Gorka, additional, Auden, Elizabeth, additional, Beck, Pierre, additional, Becker, Joseph, additional, Benzerara, Karim, additional, Bernard, Sylvain, additional, Beyssac, Olivier, additional, Borges, Louis, additional, Bousquet, Bruno, additional, Boyd, Kerry, additional, Caffrey, Michael, additional, Carlson, Jeffrey, additional, Castro, Kepa, additional, Celis, Jorden, additional, Chide, Baptiste, additional, Clark, Kevin, additional, Cloutis, Edward, additional, Cordoba, Elizabeth C., additional, Cousin, Agnes, additional, Dale, Magdalena, additional, Deflores, Lauren, additional, Delapp, Dorothea, additional, Deleuze, Muriel, additional, Dirmyer, Matthew, additional, Donny, Christophe, additional, Dromart, Gilles, additional, George Duran, M., additional, Egan, Miles, additional, Ervin, Joan, additional, Fabre, Cecile, additional, Fau, Amaury, additional, Fischer, Woodward, additional, Forni, Olivier, additional, Fouchet, Thierry, additional, Fresquez, Reuben, additional, Frydenvang, Jens, additional, Gasway, Denine, additional, Gontijo, Ivair, additional, Grotzinger, John, additional, Jacob, Xavier, additional, Jacquinod, Sophie, additional, Johnson, Jeffrey R., additional, Klisiewicz, Roberta A., additional, Lake, James, additional, Lanza, Nina, additional, Laserna, Javier, additional, Lasue, Jeremie, additional, Le Mouélic, Stéphane, additional, Legett, Carey, additional, Leveille, Richard, additional, Lewin, Eric, additional, Lopez-Reyes, Guillermo, additional, Lorenz, Ralph, additional, Lorigny, Eric, additional, Love, Steven P., additional, Lucero, Briana, additional, Madariaga, Juan Manuel, additional, Madsen, Morten, additional, Madsen, Soren, additional, Mangold, Nicolas, additional, Manrique, Jose Antonio, additional, Martinez, J. P., additional, Martinez-Frias, Jesus, additional, McCabe, Kevin P., additional, McConnochie, Timothy H., additional, McGlown, Justin M., additional, McLennan, Scott M., additional, Melikechi, Noureddine, additional, Meslin, Pierre-Yves, additional, Michel, John M., additional, Mimoun, David, additional, Misra, Anupam, additional, Montagnac, Gilles, additional, Montmessin, Franck, additional, Mousset, Valerie, additional, Murdoch, Naomi, additional, Newsom, Horton, additional, Ott, Logan A., additional, Ousnamer, Zachary R., additional, Pares, Laurent, additional, Parot, Yann, additional, Pawluczyk, Rafal, additional, Glen Peterson, C., additional, Pilleri, Paolo, additional, Pinet, Patrick, additional, Pont, Gabriel, additional, Poulet, Francois, additional, Provost, Cheryl, additional, Quertier, Benjamin, additional, Quinn, Heather, additional, Rapin, William, additional, Reess, Jean-Michel, additional, Regan, Amy H., additional, Reyes-Newell, Adriana L., additional, Romano, Philip J., additional, Royer, Clement, additional, Rull, Fernando, additional, Sandoval, Benigno, additional, Sarrao, Joseph H., additional, Sautter, Violaine, additional, Schoppers, Marcel J., additional, Schröder, Susanne, additional, Seitz, Daniel, additional, Shepherd, Terra, additional, Sobron, Pablo, additional, Dubois, Bruno, additional, Sridhar, Vishnu, additional, Toplis, Michael J., additional, Torre-Fdez, Imanol, additional, Trettel, Ian A., additional, Underwood, Mark, additional, Valdez, Andres, additional, Valdez, Jacob, additional, Venhaus, Dawn, additional, and Willis, Peter, additional

Published
2020
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23. Preparing SuperCam for Jezero Crater, Mars: LIBS, Raman, VISIR, Luminescence, Imaging, and Acoustic Analyses

Author

Ollila, A. M., Wiens, R. C., Maurice, Sylvestre, Cousin, Agnès, Anderson, Ryan, Beyssac, Olivier, Bonal, Lydie, Beck, Pierre, Clegg, S., Chide, Baptiste, Deflores, L., Dromart, Gilles, Fischer, W., Forni, Olivier, Fouchet, Thierry, Gasnault, Olivier, Grotzinger, John, Johnson, J., Lasue, Jeremie, Laserna, J., Madariaga, Juan Manuel, Madsen, M., Mangold, Nicolas, Nelson, T., Newell, R., Martinez-Frias, Jesus, McLennan, S., Montmessin, Franck, Robinson, S., Sharma, S., Misra, A., Rull, F., Venhaus, D., Bernardi, Pernelle, Reess, Jean-Michel, Reyes-Newell, A., Poulet, François, Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), United States Geological Survey (USGS), Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie (IMPMC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH)-NASA, Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement [Lyon] (LGL-TPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA (UMR_8109)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory [Laurel, MD] (APL), Universidad de Málaga [Málaga] = University of Málaga [Málaga], University of the Basque Country [Bizkaia] (UPV/EHU), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique [UMR 6112] (LPG), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centro de Astrobiologia [Madrid] (CAB), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Stony Brook University [SUNY] (SBU), State University of New York (SUNY), PLANETO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), University of Hawaii, Universidad de Valladolid [Valladolid] (UVa), Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidad de Málaga [Málaga], Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique UMR6112 (LPG), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Nantes - Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université d'Angers (UA), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC), IMPEC - LATMOS, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC)-Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA), Cardon, Catherine, Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of the Basque Country/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), and Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES)

Subjects
[SDU] Sciences of the Universe [physics], [SDU.ASTR.IM] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], [SDU.ASTR.IM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM]
Abstract

International audience; SuperCam is a multi-functional instrument on the Mars 2020 rover. It will conduct LIBS, Raman, VISIR, luminescence, imaging, and acoustic analyses of the martian surface. Here, we demonstrate the synergy between these techniques.

Published
2019

24. Limits of Life and the Habitability of Mars : The ESA Space Experiment BIOMEX on the ISS

Author

de Vera, Jean-Pierre, Alawi, Mashal, Backhaus, Theresa, Baque, Mickael, Billi, Daniela, Boettger, Ute, Berger, Thomas, Bohmeier, Maria, Cockell, Charles, Demets, Rene, de la Torre Noetzel, Rosa, Edwards, Howell, Elsaesser, Andreas, Fagliarone, Claudia, Fiedler, Annelie, Foing, Bernard, Foucher, Frederic, Fritz, Joerg, Hanke, Franziska, Herzog, Thomas, Horneck, Gerda, Huebers, Heinz-Wilhelm, Huwe, Bjoern, Joshi, Jasmin, Kozyrovska, Natalia, Kruchten, Martha, Lasch, Peter, Lee, Natuschka, Leuko, Stefan, Leya, Thomas, Lorek, Andreas, Martinez-Frias, Jesus, Meessen, Joachim, Moritz, Sophie, Moeller, Ralf, Olsson-Francis, Karen, Onofri, Silvano, Ott, Sieglinde, Pacelli, Claudia, Podolich, Olga, Rabbow, Elke, Reitz, Guenther, Rettberg, Petra, Reva, Oleg, Rothschild, Lynn, Garcia Sancho, Leo, Schulze-Makuch, Dirk, Selbmann, Laura, Serrano, Paloma, Szewzyk, Ulrich, Verseux, Cyprien, Wadsworth, Jennifer, Wagner, Dirk, Westall, Frances, Wolter, David, Zucconi, Laura, de Vera, Jean-Pierre, Alawi, Mashal, Backhaus, Theresa, Baque, Mickael, Billi, Daniela, Boettger, Ute, Berger, Thomas, Bohmeier, Maria, Cockell, Charles, Demets, Rene, de la Torre Noetzel, Rosa, Edwards, Howell, Elsaesser, Andreas, Fagliarone, Claudia, Fiedler, Annelie, Foing, Bernard, Foucher, Frederic, Fritz, Joerg, Hanke, Franziska, Herzog, Thomas, Horneck, Gerda, Huebers, Heinz-Wilhelm, Huwe, Bjoern, Joshi, Jasmin, Kozyrovska, Natalia, Kruchten, Martha, Lasch, Peter, Lee, Natuschka, Leuko, Stefan, Leya, Thomas, Lorek, Andreas, Martinez-Frias, Jesus, Meessen, Joachim, Moritz, Sophie, Moeller, Ralf, Olsson-Francis, Karen, Onofri, Silvano, Ott, Sieglinde, Pacelli, Claudia, Podolich, Olga, Rabbow, Elke, Reitz, Guenther, Rettberg, Petra, Reva, Oleg, Rothschild, Lynn, Garcia Sancho, Leo, Schulze-Makuch, Dirk, Selbmann, Laura, Serrano, Paloma, Szewzyk, Ulrich, Verseux, Cyprien, Wadsworth, Jennifer, Wagner, Dirk, Westall, Frances, Wolter, David, and Zucconi, Laura

Abstract

BIOMEX (BIOlogy and Mars EXperiment) is an ESA/Roscosmos space exposure experiment housed within the exposure facility EXPOSE-R2 outside the Zvezda module on the International Space Station (ISS). The design of the multiuser facility supports-among others-the BIOMEX investigations into the stability and level of degradation of space-exposed biosignatures such as pigments, secondary metabolites, and cell surfaces in contact with a terrestrial and Mars analog mineral environment. In parallel, analysis on the viability of the investigated organisms has provided relevant data for evaluation of the habitability of Mars, for the limits of life, and for the likelihood of an interplanetary transfer of life (theory of lithopanspermia). In this project, lichens, archaea, bacteria, cyanobacteria, snow/permafrost algae, meristematic black fungi, and bryophytes from alpine and polar habitats were embedded, grown, and cultured on a mixture of martian and lunar regolith analogs or other terrestrial minerals. The organisms and regolith analogs and terrestrial mineral mixtures were then exposed to space and to simulated Mars-like conditions by way of the EXPOSE-R2 facility. In this special issue, we present the first set of data obtained in reference to our investigation into the habitability of Mars and limits of life. This project was initiated and implemented by the BIOMEX group, an international and interdisciplinary consortium of 30 institutes in 12 countries on 3 continents. Preflight tests for sample selection, results from ground-based simulation experiments, and the space experiments themselves are presented and include a complete overview of the scientific processes required for this space experiment and postflight analysis. The presented BIOMEX concept could be scaled up to future exposure experiments on the Moon and will serve as a pretest in low Earth orbit.

Published
2019
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25. The European Astrobiology Institute

Author

GEPPERT, Wolf D., BRUCATO, John R., CABEZAS, Patricia, FALANGA, Maurizio, GARGAUD, M., HENNING, Thomas, HRUŠAK, Jan, KIRSIMÄE, Kalle, MARTINEZ-FRIAS, Jesus, MASON, Nigel, MAZEVET, Stéphane, MESSINA, Piero, SPOHN, Tilman, TAUBNER, Ruth-Sophie, VISO, Michel, WALTER, Nicolas, WESTALL, Frances, Department of Geological Sciences [Stockholm], Stockholm University, INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte (OAC), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Georgetown University [Washington] (GU), ECLIPSE 2018, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux [Pessac] (LAB), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie (MPIA), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Centro de Astrobiologia [Madrid] (CAB), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Department of Physics and Astronomy [Milton Keynes], The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU), Laboratoire Univers et Théories (LUTH (UMR_8102)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Institut für Planetologie [Münster], Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster (WWU), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), European Science Foundation (ESF), Centre de biophysique moléculaire (CBM), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Pomies, Marie-Paule, Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], [SDU.ASTR.EP] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP]
Abstract

International audience; The European Astrobiology Institute (EAI) will be a consortium of European research and higher education institutions and organisations as well as other stakeholders aiming to carry out research, training, outreach and dissemination activities in astrobiology in a comprehensive and coordinated manner and thereby securing a leading role of the European Research Area in the field.

Published
2018

26. Plans For Selection And In-Situ Investigation OfReturnSamples By The Supercam Instrument Onboard The Mars 2020 Rover

Author

Wiens, Roger C., Maurice, Sylvestre, Mangold, Nicolas, Anderson, R., Beyssac, Olivier, Bonal, Lydie, Clegg, Samuel, Cousin, Agnès, Deflores, Lauren, Dromart, Gilles, Fischer, W., Forni, Olivier, Fouchet, Thierry, Gasnault, Olivier, Grotzinger, John, Johnson, J., Martinez-Frias, Jesus, Mclennan, S., Meslin, Pierre-Yves, Montmessin, Franck, Poulet, François, Rull, Fernando, Sharma, S., Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique [UMR 6112] (LPG), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), United States Geological Survey [Reston] (USGS), Institut de minéralogie et de physique des milieux condensés (IMPMC), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-IPG PARIS-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement [Lyon] (LGL-TPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA (UMR_8109)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Johns Hopkins University (JHU), Centro de Astrobiologia [Madrid] (CAB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA), Stony Brook University [SUNY] (SBU), State University of New York (SUNY), PLANETO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hawaii Institute of Geophysics and Planetology (HIGP), University of Hawai‘i [Mānoa] (UHM), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique UMR6112 (LPG), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Nantes - Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université d'Angers (UA), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH)-NASA, École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC), IMPEC - LATMOS, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Cardon, Catherine, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC)-Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie (IMPMC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Pôle Planétologie du LESIA, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique = Laboratory of Space Studies and Instrumentation in Astrophysics (LESIA), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), and Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES)

Subjects
[SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], [SDU.ASTR] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract

International audience; The SuperCam instrument onboard Rover 2020 still provides a complementary set of analyses with IR reflectance and Raman spectroscopy for mineralogy, LIBS for chemistry, and a color imager in order to investigate in-situ samples to return.

Published
2018

27. The SuperCam Instrument for the Mars2020 Rover

Author

Maurice, Sylvestre, Wiens, Roger C., Le Mouélic, Stéphane, Anderson, Ryan, Beyssac, O., Bonal, Lydie, Clegg, S., Deflores, Lauren, Dromart, Gilles, Fischer, Woodward, Forni, Olivier, Gasnault, Olivier, Grotzinger, John, Johnson, J., Martinez-Frias, Jesus, Mangold, Nicolas, Mclennan, S., Montmessin, Franck, Rull, F., Sharma, S., Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Space Remote Sensing Group (ISR-2), Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique [UMR 6112] (LPG), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), United States Geological Survey [Reston] (USGS), Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie (IMPMC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG ), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement [Lyon] (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences [Pasadena], California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory [Laurel, MD] (APL), Centro de Astrobiologia [Madrid] (CAB), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Stony Brook University [SUNY] (SBU), State University of New York (SUNY), PLANETO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unidad Asociada UVa-CSIC-Centro de Astrobiología, Hawaii Institute of Geophysics and Planetology (HIGP), University of Hawai‘i [Mānoa] (UHM), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique UMR6112 (LPG), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Nantes - Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université d'Angers (UA), Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH)-NASA, Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC), IMPEC - LATMOS, and Cardon, Catherine

Subjects
[SDU.ASTR.IM] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], [SDU.ASTR.SR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Solar and Stellar Astrophysics [astro-ph.SR], [SDU.ASTR.SR] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Solar and Stellar Astrophysics [astro-ph.SR], [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], [SDU.ASTR.EP] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], [SDU.ASTR.IM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM]
Abstract

International audience; Micro-scale characterization of the mineralogy and elemental chemistry of the Martian surface, along with the search for organic materials, are fundamental investigations that lay the groundwork for all types of Mars geochemistry and astrobiology investigations. SuperCam, being developed for the Mars 2020 rover, is a suite of four co-aligned instruments that remotely provide these critical observations via Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS), Raman spectroscopy, time- resolved fluorescence (TRF), visible and near- infrared spectroscopy (VISIR), and high resolution color remote micro-imaging (RMI)

Published
2015

28. Transient liquid water and water activity at Gale crater on Mars

Author

Martin-Torres, F. Javier, Zorzano, Maria-Paz, Valentin-Serrano, Patricia, Harri, Ari-Matti, Genzer, Maria, Kemppinen, Osku, Rivera-Valentin, Edgard G., Jun, Insoo, Wray, James, Bo Madsen, Morten, Goetz, Walter, McEwen, Alfred S., Hardgrove, Craig, Renno, Nilton, Chevrier, Vincent F., Mischna, Michael, Navarro-Gonzalez, Rafael, Martinez-Frias, Jesus, Conrad, Pamela, McConnochie, Tim, Cockell, Charles, Berger, Gilles, Vasavada, Ashwin R., Sumner, Dawn, Vaniman, David, Martin-Torres, F. Javier, Zorzano, Maria-Paz, Valentin-Serrano, Patricia, Harri, Ari-Matti, Genzer, Maria, Kemppinen, Osku, Rivera-Valentin, Edgard G., Jun, Insoo, Wray, James, Bo Madsen, Morten, Goetz, Walter, McEwen, Alfred S., Hardgrove, Craig, Renno, Nilton, Chevrier, Vincent F., Mischna, Michael, Navarro-Gonzalez, Rafael, Martinez-Frias, Jesus, Conrad, Pamela, McConnochie, Tim, Cockell, Charles, Berger, Gilles, Vasavada, Ashwin R., Sumner, Dawn, and Vaniman, David

Published
2015

30. On the Habitability of Aquaplanets.

Author

Cardenas, Rolando, Perez, Noel, Martinez-Frias, Jesus, and Martin, Osmel

Subjects
HABITATS, PRIMARY productivity (Biology), PHOTOSYNTHESIS, PHYTOPLANKTON, ECOLOGICAL disturbances, ASTEROIDS
Abstract

An Aquatic Habitability Index is proposed, based on Quantitative Habitability Theory, and considering a very general model for life. It is a primary habitability index, measuring habitability for phytoplankton in the first place. The index is applied to some case studies, such as the habitability changes in Earth due to environmental perturbations caused by asteroid impacts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2014
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31. The Variation on Sediment Reworking with Influencing Factors by a Sand Bubbler Crab, Scopimera globosa , in Intertidal Sediments of the Anmyeon Island, Korea.

Author

Seo, Jaehwan, Koo, Bon Joo, and Martinez-Frias, Jesus

Abstract

Though biological and ecological characteristics of Scopimera globosa have been intensively investigated, little has been understood on bioturbation, especially sediment reworking. This study was designed to evaluate variation on sediment reworking of S. globosa based on feeding pellet production (FP) and burrowing pellet production (BP) with influencing factors and estimating the chlorophyll content reduction within the surface sediment by its feeding. The FP and BP largely fluctuated according to chlorophyll a concentration and crab density, but both were not influenced by temperature. The FP was enhanced by chlorophyll a concentration, whereas both FP and BP were restricted by crab density. The daily individual production was highest in spring, followed by fall and summer, with values of 25.61, 20.70 and 3.90 g ind.−1 d−1, respectively, while the total daily production was highest in fall, followed by summer and spring 2150, 1660 and 660 g m−2 d−1, respectively. The daily sediment reworking based on the FP and BP of Scopimera was highest in fall, followed by summer and spring, with values of 1.91, 1.70 and 0.77 mm d-1 and the annual sediment reworking rate of this species was calculated 40 cm year−1 based on its density in this study area. The chlorophyll a reduction ratio was estimated from 11 to 24% in one day by its feeding. These results imply that the sediment reworking of S. globosa is regulated by food abundance and its density, and Scopimera is an important bioturbator, greatly influencing biogeochemical changes in the intertidal sediments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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32. The Use of Polyurethane Injection as a Geotechnical Seismic Isolation Method in Large-Scale Applications: A Numerical Study.

Author

Gatto, Michele Placido Antonio, Lentini, Valentina, Castelli, Francesco, Montrasio, Lorella, Grassi, Davide, Shahin, Mohamed, Vicente, Romeu da Silva, and Martinez-Frias, Jesus

Subjects
SEISMIC response, IMPACT testing, FINITE element method, POLYURETHANES, COMPOSITE materials
Abstract

This paper analyses the effect of polyurethane injections on the seismic surficial response of cohesionless soils. For this purpose, dynamic finite element numerical analyses were performed through GiD + OpenSees. Both the soil and the composite material, resulted after the expansion of the injected polyurethane, are modelled with a nonlinear hysteretic constitutive model. Based on the polyurethane percentage, a homogenisation of the characteristics was considered for the composite material: linear for density and damping, and exponential (experimentally calibrated) for the stiffness. An expansion coefficient quantifies how much the injected polyurethane expands: three expansion coefficients were considered, each of them related to a different polyurethane density. For the evaluation of the foam stiffness, a linear stiffness–density correlation was used, derived after impact tests. Results showed that polyurethane reduces the surficial accelerations proportionally to the ratio of its seismic impedance and volumetric percentage with respect to the soil seismic impedance and total volume. This is a preliminary indication for the design of polyurethane injections in cohesionless soils for seismic acceleration reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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33. Analysis of Built-Up Areas of Small Polish Cities with the Use of Deep Learning and Geographically Weighted Regression.

Author

Adamiak, Maciej, Jażdżewska, Iwona, Nalej, Marta, Bielecka, Elzbieta, Luc, Małgorzata, and Martinez-Frias, Jesus

Subjects
SMALL cities, QUALITY of life, URBAN growth, URBAN planning, COST of living
Abstract

Small cities are an important part of the settlement system, a link between rural areas and large cities. Although they perform important functions, research focuses on large cities and metropolises while marginalizing small cities, the study of which is of great importance to progress in social sciences, geography, and urban planning. The main goal of this paper was to verify the impact of selected socio-economic factors on the share of built-up areas in 665 small Polish cities in 2019. Data from the Database of Topographic Objects (BDOT), Sentinel-2 satellite imagery from 2015 and 2019, and Local Data Bank by Statistics Poland form 2019 were used in the research. A machine learning segmentation procedure was used to obtain the data on the occurrence of built-up areas. Hot Spot (Getis-Ord Gi*) analysis and geographically weighted regression (GWR) was applied to explain spatially varying impact of factors related to population, spatial and economic development, and living standards on the share of built-up areas in the area of small cities. Significant association was found between the population density and the share of built-up areas in the area of the cities studied. The influence of the other socio-economic factors examined, related to the spatial and economic development of the cities and the quality of life of the inhabitants, showed great regional variation. The results also indicated that the share of built-up areas in the area of the cities under study is a result of the conditions under which they were established and developed throughout their existence, and not only of the socio-economic factors affecting them at present. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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34. A Review on Historical Tsunamis in the Canary Islands: Implications for Tsunami Risk Reduction.

Author

Galindo, Inés, Romero, Carmen, Martín-González, Esther, Vegas, Juana, Sánchez, Nieves, Martinez-Frias, Jesus, Santos, Angela, and Isidro, Miguel Llorente

Subjects
TSUNAMI warning systems, TSUNAMIS, TSUNAMI damage, HISTORICAL source material, CANARIES, ROGUE waves
Abstract

The analysis of the historical documentary sources together with evidence from the geological record is essential to understand the impact and processes triggered by tsunamis on the Canary Islands. This archipelago has been affected by tsunamis caused by different geological processes, of which the most studied have been those generated by prehistoric mega-landslides. However, there is also evidence of those produced by distant tsunamigenic sources. An exhaustive review of all documentation available was made, identifying the existence of at least four seismically triggered tsunami episodes (1755, 1761, 1941 and 1969), the majority with an epicenter in the Azores-Gibraltar boundary. In this work, several tsunamis are cited for the first time, such as the one produced by the Argaga (La Gomera) landslide in 2020. Other episodes historically identified as tsunamis are discarded as they corresponded to other geological events. The effects of most historic tsunamis have gone unnoticed, having occurred in epochs of sparsely populated coastal areas. But their study allows us to infer the need for the archipelago authorities to establish preventive measures to avoid possible damage from tsunamis, especially if we consider the presently high population density of the Canarian littoral. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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35. Benthic Foraminiferal Response to Sedimentary Processes in a Prodeltaic Environment: The Gulf of Patti Case Study (Southeastern Tyrrhenian Sea).

Author

Di Bella, Letizia, Pierdomenico, Martina, Bove, Cristiano, Casalbore, Daniele, Ridente, Domenico, Martinez-Frias, Jesus, Lisco, Stefania Nunzia, and Cornacchia, Irene

Subjects
SEDIMENTATION & deposition, SEDIMENT sampling, FOOD supply, GRAIN size, ORGANIC compounds, FOOD prices
Abstract

Analyses of benthic foraminiferal assemblages were carried out on sediment samples collected in the Gulf of Patti (NE Sicily, Tyrrhenian Sea), where high sedimentation rates in front of the Mazzarrà River led to the growth of a prodelta. The frequency of riverine sedimentary fluxes is testified by the widespread occurrence of erosional and depositional bedforms indicative of high-energy processes on the prodelta slope.The frequency of riverine sedimentary fluxes suggests the widespread occurrence of erosional and depositional bedforms indicative of high-energy processes on the prodelta slope. The study aimed to assess the spatial distribution of benthic foraminiferal assemblages and sediment grain size along different sectors of this prodelta to define any relationship between the foraminiferal assemblages, the environmental gradients and the sedimentary processes. In particular, we focused on the role of the highly energetic impulsive torrential inputs that dominate the depositional environment and likely affect food supply and its control on the foraminiferal density and biodiversity. The dominance of opportunistic agglutinated taxa associated with hyaline eutrophic species is a distinctive character likely related to organic matter enrichment and physical disturbance associated with inputs from torrential rivers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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36. On the Poroelastic Biot Coefficient for a Granitic Rock.

Author

Selvadurai, A. P. S., Shahin, Mohamed, and Martinez-Frias, Jesus

Subjects
GRANITE, POROELASTICITY, PORE fluids, COMPRESSIBILITY, POROUS materials, CONFORMANCE testing
Abstract

The Biot coefficient is a parameter that is encountered in the theory of classical poroelasticity, dealing with the mechanics of a fluid-saturated porous medium with elastic grains and an elastic skeletal structure. In particular, the coefficient plays an important role in the partitioning of externally applied stresses between the pore fluid and the porous skeleton. The conventional approach for estimating the Biot coefficient relies on the mechanical testing of the poroelastic solid, in both a completely dry and a fully saturated state. The former type of tests to determine the skeletal compressibility of the rock can be performed quite conveniently. The latter tests, which determine the compressibility of the solid material constituting the porous skeleton, involve the mechanical testing of the fully saturated rock. These tests are challenging when the rock has a low permeability, since any unsaturated regions of the rock can influence the interpretation of the compressibility of the solid phase composing the porous rock. An alternative approach to the estimation of the solid grain compressibility considers the application of the multi-phasic theories for the elasticity of composite materials, to estimate the solid grain compressibility. This approach requires the accurate determination of the mineralogical composition of the rock using XRD, and the estimation of the elasticity characteristics of the minerals by appealing to published literature. This procedure is used to estimate the Biot coefficient for the Lac du Bonnet granite obtained from the western region of the Canadian Shield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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37. Stiffness and Strength of Stabilized Organic Soils—Part II/II: Parametric Analysis and Modeling with Machine Learning.

Author

Yousefpour, Negin, Medina-Cetina, Zenon, Hernandez-Martinez, Francisco G., Al-Tabbaa, Abir, Martinez-Frias, Jesus, Jaksa, Mark, and Liu, Zhongqiang

Subjects
MACHINE learning, HISTOSOLS, ARTIFICIAL neural networks, PARAMETRIC modeling, SOIL moisture, SOIL stabilization
Abstract

Predicting the range of achievable strength and stiffness from stabilized soil mixtures is critical for engineering design and construction, especially for organic soils, which are often considered "unsuitable" due to their high compressibility and the lack of knowledge about their mechanical behavior after stabilization. This study investigates the mechanical behavior of stabilized organic soils using machine learning (ML) methods. ML algorithms were developed and trained using a database from a comprehensive experimental study (see Part I), including more than one thousand unconfined compression tests on organic clay samples stabilized by wet soil mixing (WSM) technique. Three different ML methods were adopted and compared, including two artificial neural networks (ANN) and a linear regression method. ANN models proved reliable in the prediction of the stiffness and strength of stabilized organic soils, significantly outperforming linear regression models. Binder type, mixing ratio, soil organic and water content, sample size, aging, temperature, relative humidity, and carbonation were the control variables (input parameters) incorporated into the ML models. The impacts of these factors were evaluated through rigorous ANN-based parametric analyses. Additionally, the nonlinear relations of stiffness and strength with these parameters were developed, and their optimum ranges were identified through the ANN models. Overall, the robust ML approach presented in this paper can significantly improve the mixture design for organic soil stabilization and minimize the experimental cost for implementing WSM in engineering projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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38. Water-Rock Interaction and Potential Contamination Risk in a U-Enriched Area.

Author

Antunes, Margarida, Teixeira, Rui, Albuquerque, Teresa, Valente, Teresa, Carvalho, Paula, Santos, António, Chaminé, Helder I., and Martinez-Frias, Jesus

Subjects
WATER-rock interaction, WATER pollution, SOIL pollution, SOIL moisture, WATER table, HYDROTHERMAL deposits
Abstract

The Picoto mining area is in the village of Vilar Seco (Viseu), central Portugal. Mineralization occurs mainly in quartz veins with meta-torbernite and uranophane and some U-bearing minerals, cutting a Variscan granite. Exploitation took place in two phases, between 1917 and 1953, and since the closure, the area has never been remediated. Water–rock interaction processes, including the mobility of potentially toxic elements through soil and water (surface and groundwater), were identified with the determination in situ of physicochemical parameters and selected anions and cations, by ICP-OES. The soils are contaminated with As (>44 mg/kg), Cu (>23 mg/kg), and U (>40 mg/kg) and cannot be used for agricultural or domestic purposes. The waters are generally weakly mineralized and have pH values ranging from acidic to neutral. However, some of them are contaminated with NO2 (up to 2.3 mg/L), Fe (up to 1849 mg/L), Mn (up to 777 mg/L), Cu (up to 5.4 µg/L), As (up to 14.7 µg/L), and U (up to 66.2 µg/L) and cannot be used for human consumption or agricultural activities. The soil and water contamination are mainly related to the old mine activities and the subsequent human activities that have developed in the area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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39. The Santorini-Amorgos Shear Zone: Evidence for Dextral Transtension in the South Aegean Back-Arc Region, Greece.

Author

Tsampouraki-Kraounaki, Konstantina, Sakellariou, Dimitris, Rousakis, Grigoris, Morfis, Ioannis, Panagiotopoulos, Ioannis, Livanos, Isidoros, Manta, Kyriaki, Paraschos, Fratzeska, Papatheodorou, George, Martinez-Frias, Jesus, Kassaras, Ioannis, Ganas, Athanassios, and Pace, Paolo

Subjects
SHEAR zones, PLIOCENE Epoch, RIFTS (Geology), LAND subsidence, EVIDENCE
Abstract

Bathymetric and seismic data provide insights into the geomorphological configuration, seismic stratigraphy, structure, and evolution of the area between Santorini, Amorgos, Astypalea, and Anafi islands. Santorini-Amorgos Shear Zone (SASZ) is a NE-SW striking feature that includes seven basins, two shallow ridges, and hosts the volcanic centers of Santorini and Kolumbo. The SASZ initiated in the Early Pliocene as a single, W-E oriented basin. A major reorganization of the geodynamic regime led to (i) reorientation of the older faults and initiation of NE-SW striking ones, (ii) disruption of the single basin and localized subsidence and uplift, (iii) creation of four basins out of the former single one (Anafi, Amorgos South, Amorgos North, and Kinairos basins), (iv) rifting of the northern and southern margins and creation of Anydros, Astypalea North, and Astypalea South basins, and (v) uplift of the ridges. Dextral shearing and oblique rifting are accommodated by NE-SW striking, dextral oblique to strike-slip faults and by roughly W-E striking, normal, transfer faults. It is suggested here that enhanced shearing in NE-SW direction and oblique rifting may be the dominant deformation mechanism in the South Aegean since Early Quaternary associated with the interaction of North Anatolian Fault with the slab roll-back. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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40. Liquefaction Phenomena Induced by the 26 November 2019, Mw = 6.4 Durrës (Albania) Earthquake and Liquefaction Susceptibility Assessment in the Affected Area.

Author

Mavroulis, Spyridon, Lekkas, Efthymios, Carydis, Panayotis, Martinez-Frias, Jesus, and Grasso, Salvatore

Subjects
SOIL liquefaction, EARTHQUAKES, GEOLOGICAL formations, NEOGENE Period, THRUST
Abstract

On 26 November 2019, an Mw = 6.4 earthquake struck the central-western part of Albania. Its impact comprises secondary earthquake environmental effects (EEE) and severe building damage within the Periadriatic and the Tirana Depressions. EEE comprised mainly liquefaction phenomena in coastal, riverine, and lagoonal sites of the earthquake-affected area. From the evaluation of all available earthquake-related data, it is concluded that liquefaction sites are not randomly distributed within the affected area but are structurally and lithologically controlled. The affected areas are distributed within NW–SE striking zones formed in graben-like syncline areas with NW–SE trending fold axes. These graben-like areas are bounded by NW–SE striking marginal thrust faults and are filled with geological formations of Neogene to Quaternary age. These NW–SE striking zones and structures coincide with the NW–SE striking seismogenic thrust fault of the November 2019 earthquake as it is derived from the provided fault plane solutions. An approach for liquefaction susceptibility assessment is applied based on geological and seismological data and on liquefaction inventory. From the comparison of the compiled liquefaction inventory and the susceptibility maps, it is concluded that the majority of the observed liquefaction has been generated in very high and high susceptible areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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41. Practical Estimation of Landslide Kinematics Using PSI Data.

Author

Crippa, Chiara, Agliardi, Federico, Martinez-Frias, Jesus, and Lollino, Piernicola

Subjects
KINEMATICS, LANDSLIDES, LANDSLIDE hazard analysis, ROCK deformation, REMOTE-sensing images, STRUCTURAL failures, HAZARD mitigation, NATURAL disaster warning systems
Abstract

Kinematics is a key component of a landslide hazard because landslides moving at similar rates can affect structures or collapse differently depending on their mechanisms. While a complete definition of landslide kinematics requires integrating surface and subsurface site investigation data, its practical estimate is usually based on 2D profiles of surface slope displacements. These can be now measured accurately using Persistent Scatterer InSAR (PSI), which exploits open access satellite imagery. Although 2D profiles of kinematic quantities are easy to retrieve, the efficacy of possible descriptors and extraction strategies has not been systematically compared, especially for complex landslides. Large, slow rock slope deformations, characterized by low displacement rates (<50 mm/year) and spatial and temporal heterogeneities, are an excellent testing ground to explore the best approaches to exploit PSI data from Sentinel-1 for kinematic characterization. For three case studies, we extract profiles of different kinematic quantities using different strategies and evaluate them against field data and simplified numerical modelling. We suggest that C-band PSI data allow for an effective appraisal of complex landslide kinematics, provided that the interpretation is (a) based on decomposed velocity vector descriptors, (b) extracted along critical profiles using interpolation techniques respectful of landslide heterogeneity, and (c) constrained by suitable model-based templates and field data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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42. A Predictive Model for Maceral Discrimination by Means of Raman Spectra on Dispersed Organic Matter: A Case Study from the Carpathian Fold-and-Thrust Belt (Ukraine).

Author

Schito, Andrea, Guedes, Alexandra, Valentim, Bruno, Vergara Sassarini, Amanda, Corrado, Sveva, Coulson, Ian, and Martinez-Frias, Jesus

Subjects
MACERAL, BASE oils, RAMAN spectroscopy, MULTIVARIATE analysis, PREDICTION models, ORGANIC compounds, THERMAL coal, BITUMINOUS coal
Abstract

In this study, we propose a predictive model for maceral discrimination based on Raman spectroscopic analyses of dispersed organic matter. Raman micro-spectroscopy was coupled with optical and Rock-Eval pyrolysis analyses on a set of seven samples collected from Mesozoic and Cenozoic successions of the Outer sector of the Carpathian fold and thrust belt. Organic petrography and Rock-Eval pyrolysis evidence a type II/III kerogen with complex organofacies composed by the coal maceral groups of the vitrinite, inertinite, and liptinite, while thermal maturity lies at the onset of the oil window spanning between 0.42 and 0.61 Ro%. Micro-Raman analyses were performed, on approximately 30–100 spectra per sample but only for relatively few fragments was it possible to perform an optical classification according to their macerals group. A multivariate statistical analysis of the identified vitrinite and inertinite spectra allows to define the variability of the organofacies and develop a predictive PLS-DA model for the identification of vitrinite from Raman spectra. Following the first attempts made in the last years, this work outlines how machine learning techniques have become a useful support for classical petrography analyses in thermal maturity assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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43. Root Reinforcement in Slope Stability Models: A Review.

Author

Masi, Elena Benedetta, Segoni, Samuele, Tofani, Veronica, Soldato, Matteo Del, Novellino, Alessandro, Solari, Lorenzo, and Martinez-Frias, Jesus

Subjects
SLOPE stability, SOIL moisture, WILDFIRE prevention, FOREST management, PLANT species
Abstract

The influence of vegetation on mechanical and hydrological soil behavior represents a significant factor to be considered in shallow landslides modelling. Among the multiple effects exerted by vegetation, root reinforcement is widely recognized as one of the most relevant for slope stability. Lately, the literature has been greatly enriched by novel research on this phenomenon. To investigate which aspects have been most treated, which results have been obtained and which aspects require further attention, we reviewed papers published during the period of 2015–2020 dealing with root reinforcement. This paper—after introducing main effects of vegetation on slope stability, recalling studies of reference—provides a synthesis of the main contributions to the subtopics: (i) approaches for estimating root reinforcement distribution at a regional scale; (ii) new slope stability models, including root reinforcement and (iii) the influence of particular plant species, forest management, forest structure, wildfires and soil moisture gradient on root reinforcement. Including root reinforcement in slope stability analysis has resulted a topic receiving growing attention, particularly in Europe; in addition, research interests are also emerging in Asia. Despite recent advances, including root reinforcement into regional models still represents a research challenge, because of its high spatial and temporal variability: only a few applications are reported about areas of hundreds of square kilometers. The most promising and necessary future research directions include the study of soil moisture gradient and wildfire controls on the root strength, as these aspects have not been fully integrated into slope stability modelling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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44. Exploring Combined Influences of Seasonal East Atlantic (EA) and North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) on the Temperature-Precipitation Relationship in the Iberian Peninsula.

Author

Rodrigo, Fernando S., Ye, Hengchun, and Martinez-Frias, Jesus

Subjects
NORTH Atlantic oscillation, PENINSULAS, MAXIMA & minima, TELECONNECTIONS (Climatology)
Abstract

The combined influence of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and the East Atlantic (EA) patterns on the covariability of temperatures and precipitation in 35 stations of the Iberian Peninsula during the period 1950–2019 is analysed in this work. Four EA-NAO composites were defined from teleconnection patterns' positive and negative phases: EA+NAO+, EA+NAO-, EA-NAO+ and EA-NAO-. Daily data of maximum and minimum temperature were used to obtain seasonal means (TX and TN, respectively), and the covariability of these variables with accumulated seasonal rainfall (R) was studied comparing results obtained for different NAO and EA composites. Main results indicate slight differences in the spatial coverage of correlation coefficients between R and temperature variables, except in spring when the generalised negative relationship between R and TX under EA+NAO+ and EA-NAO- disappears under EA-NAO+ and EA+NAO- composites. This result may be useful to interpret and discuss historical reconstructions of the Iberian climate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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45. Terraces of the Ohře River in Žatec Area, Czech Republic: When Models of Holocene Fluvial Development Are Not Sufficient.

Author

Grygar, Tomáš Matys, Elznicová, Jitka, Sipos, György, Kiss, Tímea, Martinez-Frias, Jesus, and Mao, Luca

Subjects
OPTICALLY stimulated luminescence, HOLOCENE Epoch, LITTLE Ice Age, PLEISTOCENE-Holocene boundary, RIVER engineering, FLUVIAL geomorphology, AGGRADATION & degradation
Abstract

The development of the Ohře River near Žatec between the Late Glacial Maximum (LGM) and present time was studied to obtain its natural trajectory and thus to understand the role of human impact on floodplain development. The study was based on geomorphic research, sampling and dating fluvial sediments by optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) and anthropogenic contamination by Sn since 16th century. During the LGM and the Pleistocene/Holocene transition (P/H), the river valley was shaped by large, incising meanders creating the entire valley floor. The Holocene river, due to decreased channel forming discharges, only slowly continued the LGM and P/H trajectory by cut-offs of the large palaeomeander necks and channel belt narrowing and incision. The last Holocene incision step was likely triggered by hydrological extremes of the Little Ice Age. The LGM and P/H Ohře River consequently changed from meandering to low sinuous, incised in the valley floor; this incision was completed by river engineering in the 20th century. The Ohře River development can thus be rationalised neither by traditional terrace-step formation model nor by model of the Anthropogenic aggradation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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46. Record of Crustal Thickening and Synconvergent Extension from the Dajiamang Tso Rift, Southern Tibet.

Author

Burke, William B., Laskowski, Andrew K., Orme, Devon A., Sundell, Kurt E., Taylor, Michael H., Guo, Xudong, Ding, Lin, Carosi, Rodolfo, Neto, Mario da Costa Campos, Fossen, Haakon, Montomoli, Chiara, Simonetti, Matteo, and Martinez-Frias, Jesus

Subjects
RIFTS (Geology), SUTURE zones (Structural geology), GEOLOGICAL time scales, RARE earth metals, THRUST faults (Geology), GEOPHYSICAL observations, OROGENIC belts
Abstract

North-trending rifts throughout south-central Tibet provide an opportunity to study the dynamics of synconvergent extension in contractional orogenic belts. In this study, we present new data from the Dajiamang Tso rift, including quantitative crustal thickness estimates calculated from trace/rare earth element zircon data, U-Pb geochronology, and zircon-He thermochronology. These data constrain the timing and rates of exhumation in the Dajiamang Tso rift and provide a basis for evaluating dynamic models of synconvergent extension. Our results also provide a semi-continuous record of Mid-Cretaceous to Miocene evolution of the Himalayan-Tibetan orogenic belt along the India-Asia suture zone. We report igneous zircon U-Pb ages of ~103 Ma and 70–42 Ma for samples collected from the Xigaze forearc basin and Gangdese Batholith/Linzizong Formation, respectively. Zircon-He cooling ages of forearc rocks in the hanging wall of the Great Counter thrust are ~28 Ma, while Gangdese arc samples in the footwalls of the Dajiamang Tso rift are 16–8 Ma. These data reveal the approximate timing of the switch from contraction to extension along the India-Asia suture zone (minimum 16 Ma). Crustal-thickness trends from zircon geochemistry reveal possible crustal thinning (to ~40 km) immediately prior to India-Eurasia collision onset (58 Ma). Following initial collision, crustal thickness increases to 50 km by 40 Ma with continued thickening until the early Miocene supported by regional data from the Tibetan Magmatism Database. Current crustal thickness estimates based on geophysical observations show no evidence for crustal thinning following the onset of E–W extension (~16 Ma), suggesting that modern crustal thickness is likely facilitated by an underthrusting Indian lithosphere balanced by upper plate extension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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47. Predicting Crenulate Bay Profiles from Wave Fronts: Numerical Experiments and Empirical Formulae.

Author

Buccino, Mariano, Tuozzo, Sara, Ciccaglione, Margherita C., Calabrese, Mario, Martinez-Frias, Jesus, Di Paola, Gianluigi, Rodríguez, Germán, and Rosskopf, Carmen M.

Subjects
COASTAL engineering, SHORELINES, BEACHES
Abstract

For crenulate-shaped bays, the coastal outline assumes a specific shape related to the predominant waves in the area: it generally consists of a tangential zone downcoast and a curved portion upcoast. Many coastal engineers have attempted to derive an expression of the headland bay shapes that emerge when a full equilibrium is reached (stable or dynamic). However, even though models for static equilibrium bays exist, they are merely of an empirical kind, lacking further insight on relationships between incident wave characteristics and beach shape. In addition, it is commonly believed that shoreline profiles tend to follow wave fronts, but this has been never fully verified. In this paper, we investigate a possible correlation between static equilibrium profiles and wave front shapes. Numerical experiments have been performed using the MIKE 21 Boussinesq Wave module, and the generated wave fronts have been compared to the hyperbolic-tangent equilibrium profile. A thoughtful analysis of results revealed that a single-headland equilibrium profile is merely the wave front translated perpendicularly to the wave direction at the headland tip, without any influence of wave period or in wave direction. A new function called the "wave-front-bay-shape equation" has been obtained, and the application and validation of this formula to the case-study bay of the Bagnoli coast (south-west of Italy) is described in the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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48. Dispersion Curves of Transverse Waves Propagating in Multi-Layered Soils from Experimental Tests in a 100 m Deep Borehole.

Author

Aloisio, Angelo, Totani, Ferdinando, Alaggio, Rocco, Totani, Gianfranco, Ong, Dominic E. L., Cheng, Wen-Chieh, Zhou, Hannah, and Martinez-Frias, Jesus

Subjects
SHEAR waves, LAMB waves, FRICTION velocity, SOILS, DISPERSION (Chemistry)
Abstract

The estimate of the velocity of shear waves ( V s ) is essential in seismic engineering to characterize the dynamic response of soils. There are various direct methods to estimate the V s . The authors report the results of site characterization in Macerata (Italy), where they measured the V s using the seismic dilatometer in a 100 m deep borehole. The standard V s estimation originates from the cross-correlation between the signals acquired by two geophones at increasing depths. This paper focuses on the estimate of the dependence of V s on the wavenumber. The dispersion curves reveal an unexpected hyperbolic dispersion curve typical of Lamb waves. Interestingly, the contribution of Lamb waves may be notable up to 100 m depth. The amplitude of surface waves decrease rapidly with depth; still, their influence may be essential up to depths considered unusual for standard geotechnical investigations, where their effect is generally neglected. Accordingly, these waves may bias the outcomes of the standard V s estimations, which ignore frequency-dependent phenomena. The paper proposes an enhancement of the accepted procedure to estimate V s and addresses the importance of Lamb waves in soil characterization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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49. Influence of Wave Climate on Intra and Inter-Annual Nearshore Bar Dynamics for a Sandy Beach.

Author

Andreeva, Nataliya, Saprykina, Yana, Valchev, Nikolay, Eftimova, Petya, Kuznetsov, Sergey, Martinez-Frias, Jesus, and Di Paola, Gianluigi

Subjects
ATLANTIC multidecadal oscillation, BEACHES, NORTH Atlantic oscillation, ARCTIC oscillation, NONLINEAR waves, OCEAN waves
Abstract

The study investigates cross-shore outer sand bar dynamics in an open-coast non-tidal beach at the Bulgarian Black Sea due to wave climate. On seasonal to short-term (1–2 years) time scale, monthly field measurements of the outer bar profiles were related to respective modeled nearshore wave data. Hereby, seaward-shoreward bar migration was examined depending on the wave forcing, wave non-linearity, wave transformation scenarios, storms and direction of wave incidence. Analysis revealed that intra-annually highly non-linear waves were responsible for outer bar displacement, while the direction of migration depended on wave period, duration of conditions with wave steepness >0.04, angle of approach and total duration of storms. Short-term bar evolution was mainly governed by wave height and storms' parameters as the angle of approach and duration. The correlation between the outer bar location and wave height annual variations initiated the first for the explored Black Sea region examination of possible connection between wave height's temporal fluctuations and the variability of climatic indices the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), the Atlantic Multi-decadal Oscillation (AMO), the East Atlantic Oscillation (EA), the Arctic Oscillation (AO), the East Atlantic-Western Russia (EA/WR) and the Scandinavian (SCAND) patterns. According to the results the inter-annual outer bar location may vary depending on periods of maximum annual wave fluctuations, which in turn predominantly depend on indices the EA (4–5, 10–11, 20–30 years), the EA/WR (2–4, 9–13 years) and the NAO (15 years). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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50. Influencing Factors on Petrography Interpretations in Provenance Research—A Case-Study Review.

Author

Augustsson, Carita, Pera, Emilia Le, Morrone, Consuele, and Martinez-Frias, Jesus

Subjects
PETROLOGY, SANDSTONE, FELDSPAR, FACIES, QUARTZ
Abstract

The use of framework petrography is a common initial step in provenance research of sand and sandstone. The data tend to be interpreted based on the three main components quartz, feldspar, and lithic fragments. Surprisingly often, this is done without taking other influencing factors than the tectonic setting of the catchment and/or the surroundings of the depositional basin into account. Based on a database of 14 studies with approximately 900 petrographic data points from sand and sandstone, this study demonstrates quantitative effects on the apparent composition resulting from both geological and non-geological biases. The study illustrates sandstone-classification differences based on different specifications of the three end-members quartz, feldspar, and lithic or rock fragments, how the point-counting method can affect the apparent petrographic composition of sandstone, how sorting and facies bias may be differentiated from a climate or provenance signal, and how bias due to diagenetic effects can be minimised. In conclusion, both geological and non-geological biases should be considered for provenance studies that include petrographic data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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