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Cel badań: Celem badania była ocena stylu życia studentów kierunku Dietetyka Uniwersytetu Medycznego im. Karola Marcinkowskiego w Poznaniu. Materiał i metody: Anonimowe badania przeprowadzono w grupie 100 studentów kierunku Dietetyka Uniwersytetu Medycznego im. Karola Marcinkowskiego w Poznaniu metodą sondażu diagnostycznego, wykorzystując autorski kwestionariusz ankiety. Pytania dotyczyły zasad prawidłowego odżywiania, suplementacji i zdrowego stylu życia oraz ich zastosowania w życiu codziennym. Wyniki: Wyniki badań własnych wskazują, iż studenci Dietetyki Uniwersytetu Medycznego im. Karola Marcinkowskiego w Poznaniu w większości posiadają średni poziom wiedzy w zakresie istotnych czynników ryzyka związanych ze stylem życia, sprzyjających rozwojowi ryzyka chorób układu krążenia. 76% ankietowanych miało BMI w zakresie prawidłowej masy ciała. Respondenci preferują prozdrowotne aspekty zachowań w zakresie niepalenia papierosów, utrzymywania prawidłowej masy ciała (ok. 80% badanych w każdym zakresie) oraz utrzymywania średniego i wysokiego poziomu aktywności ruchowej (ponad 90% badanych). W przypadku wysiłku fizycznego respondenci preferują spacery, ćwiczenie na siłowni oraz bieganie, jako element prozdrowotnego stylu życia. W grupie badanej 81% samodzielnie przygotowuje posiłki. Podstawę diety ankietowanych stanowią produkty zbożowe z pełnego przemiału. Studenci dietetyki często sięgają również po chude mięso i ryby, warzywa i owoce, a także nabiał. jaja oraz mleko. Studenci Dietetyki UMP spożywają takie słodycze (41% – sporadycznie zjada kilka kostek czekolady lub ciastek, natomiast 34% codziennie spożywa przynajmniej batona lub pół czekolady) Respondenci zwracają uwagę na odpowiednią podaż płynów w ciągu dnia – 44% badanych spożywa około 2 litry płynów dziennie. Wnioski: W grupie badanych stwierdzono prozdrowotne aspekty zachowań w zakresie niepalenia papierosów, utrzymywania prawidłowej masy ciała i optymalnego poziomu aktywności ruchowej oraz przejawy antyzdrowotnego postępowania dotyczącego żywienia (głównie spożywanie słodyczy w dużych ilościach oraz jedzenie produktów typu fast food).

Background: Thesis: Runners are at risk of developing gastrointestinal complaints, dietary factors affect the occurrence of gastrointestinal symptoms. Objectives: 1. To examine the extent to which gastrointestinal ailments affect runners. 2. To indicate the type and timing of gastrointestinal complaints. 3. To determine whether the fact of the occurrence of gastrointestinal complaints is associated with the dietary behavior of these athletes. Material and methods: The study involved 67 runners including 47 women and 20 men from amateur running groups from several cities in Poland. To conduct the study, a proprietary questionnaire was created and made available at each group with the permission of the administrator. The results obtained on a quantitative scale are presented in descriptive form along with the percentages. Statistical analysis was performed using STATISTICA, and the significance of the results was assumed at p

Arachnid orders, Mesostigmata, Trombidiformes, and Sarcoptiformes, commonly known as ‘mites’, are abundant in mires, both as adults and as juveniles. However, due to the challenges of identification, the juvenile forms are often excluded from analyses. This is the first study in mires that included all three mite orders identified to the species level, including juvenile instars. We aimed to compare how diversity and the response to ecological variables differed if only the adults (ad) vs. the total number of specimens (ad+juv) are considered. Samples of 20 Sphagnum species (five subgenera) were collected and mites were extracted using Berlese funnels. Overall, nearly 60,000 mites were analyzed; of these Mesostigmata made up 1.87% of the total, Trombidiformes −0.27%, and Sarcoptiformes −97.86%. The study revealed 154 species (33 Mesostigmata, 24 Trombidiformes, and 97 Sarcoptiformes), the highest diversity of mites ever reported from mires. The inclusion of juveniles increased observed species richness by 6%, with 10 species (one Mesostigmata, six Trombidiformes, and three Sarcoptiformes) represented only by juvenile forms. Seventeen species are new to Norway (four Mesostigmata, one Sarcoptiformes, and 12 Trombidiformes, including five undescribed species of Stigmaeidae and Cunaxidae). Four of these were represented in the samples only by juveniles. Including the juveniles explained a greater amount of the variability of Trombidiformes (explanatory variables account for 23.60% for ad, and 73.74% for ad+juv) and Mesostigmata (29.23% − ad, 52.91% − ad+juv), but had less of an impact for Sarcoptiformes (38.48% − ad, 39.26% − ad+juv). Locality, Sphagnum subgenus and species, wetness, and trophic state significantly affected the mite communities and should be taken into consideration when studying mires. Since juvenile stages contribute significantly to mite diversity in mires, they should also be included in mite studies in other habitats. The study was partly supported by the grant to the University Museum of Bergen from the Norwegian Taxonomy Initiative ‘Mites of Atlantic Raised Bogs’ (Grant No. 6-20, 70,184,243) and by the program of the Polish Minister of Science and Higher Education ‘Regional Initiative of Excellence’ in 2019–2022 (grant no. 008/RID/2018/19).

A gluten-free diet is the mainstay method of treatment and the prevention of celiac disease complications. However, an inadequately balanced gluten-free diet can increase the risk of obesity, negatively affect glucose and lipid metabolism, and increase the risk of the metabolic syndrome. Therefore, an adequate nutritional counselling is necessary for patients diagnosed with celiac disease in order to prevent and treat the components of the metabolic syndrome.

Obesity is a chronic and complex disease associated with metabolic, organ and endocrine complications. In the study, we analyzed a group of 105 patients suffering from obesity without any other previously recognized serious disorders who had been referred to a single endocrine center. The study aimed to assess the prevalence of selected organ and endocrine complications by subdividing the group, firstly according to body mass index (BMI) and secondly with regard to metabolic syndrome (MetS), pre-MetS and the metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) category. We have observed that in our groups, the prevalence of hyperlipidemia, hypertension, asthma, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) depended on BMI category, whereas the incidence of hyperlipidemia, hypertension, OSA, hypothyroidism, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, prediabetes, and type 2 diabetes was related to the metabolic category. We concluded that the distribution of particular organ and endocrine complications change significantly with increased BMI and with the shift from MHO to pre-MetS and MetS. Thus, to determine the risk of organ and endocrine complications more effectively, BMI and metabolic status should be assessed during the examination of patients with obesity.

Nasal mites of the subfamily Speleognathinae associated with birds in the Afrotropical region are reviewed. The total of 37 species belonging to15 genera has been recorded so far in this region. All recorded species and genera are provided with improved diagnoses, data on their host associations and distribution are summarized, and a key to all species is constructed.

Research and collecting of the Polish tydeid mite fauna have resulted, among others, in a collective list of species occurring in bird nests. Three of them are described as new to science and two others are new to Polish fauna. A checklist of the species of the Tydeinae from bird nests is provided. The new species are: Lorryia lusciniella Kaźmierski & Marciniak sp. nov., L. buceroincerta Kaźmierski & Sikora sp. nov. and L. columbina Kaźmierski sp. nov.

Surveys of terrestrial microinvertebrate morphometry, especially spatial patterns of body size at wider geographical scales, including the polar regions, are very scarce. In this study, we focused on Tardigrada, common limno-terrestrial microinvertebrates. Considering Bergmann’s rule, originally formulated for endothermic animals, we tested the hypothesis that body length of limno-terrestrial tardigrades augments with increasing latitude and decreasing temperature. Since some of our sampling areas adjoined seabird colonies, we also explored the effects of nutrients from seabird guano deposits. Individual body length of Testechiniscus spitsbergensis was measured in populations obtained from seven localities distributed along a latitudinal gradient extending from 45^{\circ}N (northern Italy) to 79^{\circ}N (northern Svalbard), and for Pilatobius recamieri from three localities in Svalbard (77^{\circ}N-80^{\circ}N). Considering both latitude and proximity to a seabird colony there were significant effects of locality on the body length of T. spitsbergensis; however, no clear pattern of increasing individual body size with increasing latitude could be detected. Immense differences in body size may be a signal for cryptic species diversity within this genus. No effect of latitude, or proximity to a seabird colony, on the body length of Arctic populations of P. recamieri was documented. Evidently, there is no tendency towards body size increase along the latitudinal gradient in either T. spitsbergensis or P. recamieri. Our study, and recent literature, indicates that larger body size in polar regions reported for several groups of micro-fauna may be a taxon-dependent response, and cannot be taken as a universally applicable rule for limnoterrestrial animals.