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The humor styles and family functioning of parents of children with disabilities are understudied subjects. This study seeks to shed quantitative light on these areas. Seventy-two parents of children with disabilities completed the "Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scales" (FACES IV) and the "Humor Styles Questionnaire" (HSQ). The FACES IV measured several dimensions of family functioning: cohesion, flexibility, communication, and satisfaction. Cohesion and flexibility were variously scored to indicate whether a balanced or unbalanced propensity for these existed within the family. The HSQ was used to examine whether two adaptive styles of humor (affiliative and self-enhancing) and two maladaptive styles of humor (aggressive and self-defeating), were associated with balanced and unbalanced cohesion and flexibility, as well as with the presence of communication and satisfaction. The most significant results indicated a persistent correlation between prosocial humor styles and family communication and satisfaction. Further exploratory research is urged.

Plagiarism may distress universities in the US, but there is little agreement as to exactly what constitutes plagiarism. While there is ample research on plagiarism, there is scant literature on the content of university policies regarding it. Using a systematic sample, we qualitatively analyzed 20 Carnegie-classified universities that are "Very High in Research." This included 15 public state universities and five high-profile private universities. We uncovered highly varied and even contradictory policies at these institutions. Notable policy variations existed for verbatim plagiarism, intentional plagiarism and unauthorized student collaboration at the studied institutions. We conclude by advising that the American Association of University Professors (AAUP) and other overarching academic bodies confer and come to accord on the disposition of these issues.

Today's adolescents are considered to be heavy users of social media technology and web-based applications, compared to middle-aged cohorts (e.g., 30-50 years old). However, exact usage details for young adolescents (10-15 years old) in the US are difficult to find, especially for socioeconomically disadvantaged students. There is also scant literature that examines young adolescents' multimodal composing with technologies, the audiences and contexts for which they intend their digital multimodal creations, and the values they hold regarding their creations. This pilot survey study is a response to this need for research. While overall the findings indicate some degree of diversity of form, purpose, and audience in composing among the young adolescents surveyed, these findings also reveal gaps in certain modalities for some groups of young adolescents. Additionally, the researchers call attention to a need for developing an audience awareness, especially of an online audience, and multimodal assessment acumen in these young writers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study sought to examine work-related exposure to trauma and predictors of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptoms among regional journalists in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province, a conflict-ridden area in northwest Pakistan. We recruited 216 KP journalists. Analysis of the surveys revealed a high prevalence of trauma exposure and PTSD symptoms. All of the participants had covered at least one trauma inducing event. Exposure to work-related trauma, active emotional coping and avoidant emotional coping were statistically significant factors associated with PTSD symptoms. This study is the first to highlight the severity of the impact of trauma on regional journalists in Pakistan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]