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2. From political priority to service delivery: complexities to real-life priority of abortion services in Ethiopia.

Author

McLean, Emily, Miljeteig, Ingrid, Blystad, Astrid, Mirkuzie, Alemnesh H, and Haaland, Marte E. S

Subjects
ABORTION policy, HEALTH policy, HEALTH programs, WORLD health, REPRODUCTIVE health
Abstract

Improving access to abortion services has been coined a high priority by the Ethiopian Federal Ministry of Health. Nevertheless, many women are still struggling to access abortion services. The dedicated commitment to expanding abortion services by central authorities and the difficulties in further improving access to the services make for an interesting case to explore the real-life complexities of health priority setting. This article thus explores what it means to make abortion services a priority by drawing on in-depth interviews with healthcare bureaucrats and key stakeholders working closely with abortion service policy and implementation. Data were collected from February to April 2022. Health bureaucrats from 9 of the 12 regional states in Ethiopia and the Federal Ministry of Health were interviewed in addition to key stakeholders from professional organizations and NGOs. The study found that political will and priority to abortion services by central authorities were not necessarily enough to ensure access to the service across the health sector. At the regional and local level, there were considerable challenges with a lack of funding, equipment and human resources for implementing and expanding access to abortion services. The inadequacy of indicators and reporting systems hindered accountability and made it difficult to give priority to abortion services among the series of health programmes and priorities that local health authorities had to implement. The situation was further challenged by the contested nature of the abortion issue itself, both in the general population, but also amongst health bureaucrats and hospital leaders. This study casts a light on the complex and entangled processes of turning national-level priorities into on-the-ground practice and highlights the real-life challenges of setting and implementing health priorities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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14. Genetic variance in fitness indicates rapid contemporary adaptive evolution in wild animals

Author

Bonnet, Timothée, Morrissey, Michael B., de Villemereuil, Pierre, Alberts, Susan C., Arcese, Peter, Bailey, Liam D., Boutin, Stan, Brekke, Patricia, Brent, Lauren J.N., Camenisch, Glauco, Charmantier, Anne, Clutton-Brock, Tim H., Cockburn, Andrew, Coltman, David W., Courtiol, Alexandre, Davidian, Eve, Evans, Simon R., Ewen, John G., Festa-Bianchet, Marco, de Franceschi, Christophe, Gustafsson, Lars, Höner, Oliver P., Houslay, Thomas M., Keller, Lukas F., Manser, Marta, McAdam, Andrew G., McLean, Emily, Nietlisbach, Pirmin, Osmond, Helen L., Pemberton, Josephine M., Postma, Erik, Reid, Jane M., Rutschmann, Alexis, Santure, Anna W., Sheldon, Ben C., Slate, Jon, Teplitsky, Céline, Visser, Marcel E., Wachter, Bettina, Kruuk, Loeske E.B., Bonnet, Timothée, Morrissey, Michael B., de Villemereuil, Pierre, Alberts, Susan C., Arcese, Peter, Bailey, Liam D., Boutin, Stan, Brekke, Patricia, Brent, Lauren J.N., Camenisch, Glauco, Charmantier, Anne, Clutton-Brock, Tim H., Cockburn, Andrew, Coltman, David W., Courtiol, Alexandre, Davidian, Eve, Evans, Simon R., Ewen, John G., Festa-Bianchet, Marco, de Franceschi, Christophe, Gustafsson, Lars, Höner, Oliver P., Houslay, Thomas M., Keller, Lukas F., Manser, Marta, McAdam, Andrew G., McLean, Emily, Nietlisbach, Pirmin, Osmond, Helen L., Pemberton, Josephine M., Postma, Erik, Reid, Jane M., Rutschmann, Alexis, Santure, Anna W., Sheldon, Ben C., Slate, Jon, Teplitsky, Céline, Visser, Marcel E., Wachter, Bettina, and Kruuk, Loeske E.B.

Abstract

The rate of adaptive evolution, the contribution of selection to genetic changes that increase mean fitness, is determined by the additive genetic variance in individual relative fitness. To date, there are few robust estimates of this parameter for natural populations, and it is therefore unclear whether adaptive evolution can play a meaningful role in short-term population dynamics. We developed and applied quantitative genetic methods to long-term datasets from 19 wild bird and mammal populations and found that, while estimates vary between populations, additive genetic variance in relative fitness is often substantial and, on average, twice that of previous estimates. We show that these rates of contemporary adaptive evolution can affect population dynamics and hence that natural selection has the potential to partly mitigate effects of current environmental change.

Published
2022

15. Genetic variance in fitness indicates rapid contemporary adaptive evolution in wild animals

Author

Bonnet, Timothée, primary, Morrissey, Michael B., additional, de Villemereuil, Pierre, additional, Alberts, Susan C., additional, Arcese, Peter, additional, Bailey, Liam D., additional, Boutin, Stan, additional, Brekke, Patricia, additional, Brent, Lauren J. N., additional, Camenisch, Glauco, additional, Charmantier, Anne, additional, Clutton-Brock, Tim H., additional, Cockburn, Andrew, additional, Coltman, David W., additional, Courtiol, Alexandre, additional, Davidian, Eve, additional, Evans, Simon R., additional, Ewen, John G., additional, Festa-Bianchet, Marco, additional, de Franceschi, Christophe, additional, Gustafsson, Lars, additional, Höner, Oliver P., additional, Houslay, Thomas M., additional, Keller, Lukas F., additional, Manser, Marta, additional, McAdam, Andrew G., additional, McLean, Emily, additional, Nietlisbach, Pirmin, additional, Osmond, Helen L., additional, Pemberton, Josephine M., additional, Postma, Erik, additional, Reid, Jane M., additional, Rutschmann, Alexis, additional, Santure, Anna W., additional, Sheldon, Ben C., additional, Slate, Jon, additional, Teplitsky, Céline, additional, Visser, Marcel E., additional, Wachter, Bettina, additional, and Kruuk, Loeske E. B., additional

Published
2022
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17. Etiske dilemmaer for sykehjemsleger under covid-19-pandemien

Author

Mclean, Emily, Onarheim, Kristine Husøy, Schanche, Elisabeth, Schaufel, Margrethe Aase, and Miljeteig, Ingrid

Abstract

Bakgrunn: Sykehjemsbeboere var ekstra sårbare for et alvorlig forløp av covid-19. Tidlig i pandemien ble det derfor bestemt at sykehjemmene måtte beskyttes gjennom tiltak som besøksforbud og testing- og isolasjonsregimer. Dette medførte nye rutiner og retningslinjer for sykehjemsleger. Studier nasjonalt og internasjonalt viser at pandemien ga nye etiske dilemmaer for helsepersonell. Målet med denne studien var å bedre forstå sykehjemslegenes etiske problemstillinger under pandemien. Materiale og metode: Ni semistrukturerte dybdeintervju med sykehjemsleger ved fem sykehjem i Bergen ble analysert med Attride-Stirlings tematiske nettverksanalyse. Resultater: Legene fortalte om utfordringer knyttet til det å bestemme behandlingsnivå, sette grenser for lindrende behandling, tilpasse besøksrestriksjoner, og vurdere tvang ved testing og isolasjon. Dette medførte krevende etiske avveielser, der legene sto overfor interessekonflikter og verdivalg. En sentral avveining var hensynet til den enkelte beboer sett mot fellesskapet. Fortolkning: Sykehjemslegene i vår studie opplevde at det var vanskelig å veie sikring av beboernes autonomi mot hindring av smittespredning. Hovedfunn: Å bestemme behandlingsnivå samt å gi adekvat lindring ved livets sluttfase var krevende. Håndhevelse av besøksrestriksjoner førte til etiske dilemmaer spesielt knyttet til omsorg for døende og kreft- og slagpasienter. Bruk av tvang ved testing og isolasjon for å stoppe smittespredning måtte veies mot hensynet til beboernes autonomi. Et sentralt dilemma var hensynet til den enkelte beboer mot hensynet til fellesskapet. publishedVersion

Published
2022

22. Singing to voice experiences of violence: a lyrical analysis of songs exploring violence against women in Latin America

Author

Hallows, Ryan, McLean, Emily, Hallows, Ryan, and McLean, Emily

Abstract

This capstone project is a literary analysis of songs by female artists in Latin America that protest violence against women in the Latin American region. Through analysis of the songs' lyrics, the paper identifies and explores common themes present in the songs to highlight the messages the artists are trying to communicate about violence against women in Latin America.

Published
2021

23. What do humans owe each other in relationships?: An exploration of commitment in the 'Iliad' and 'The Letters of Abelard and Heloise'

Author

McLean, Emily and McLean, Emily

Abstract

This paper seeks to explore what we owe our fellow humans, particularly in the context of romantic relationships. It does so by analyzing two different couples: Abelard and Heloise as documented by their written correspond in "The Letters of Abelard and Heloise" and Hector and Andromache from Homer’s "Iliad." Specifically, it looks at the commitments of these four individuals and how these inform their relationships as well as how these couples navigate the tensions that can exist between love, loss, and sacrifice because of their commitments.

Published
2021

24. Supplementary Data, Methods, Figures & Tables (S1-S6) from A comparison of dominance rank metrics reveals multiple competitive landscapes in an animal society

Author

Levy, Emily J., Zipple, Matthew N., McLean, Emily, Campos, Fernando A., Mauna Dasari, Fogel, Arielle S., Franz, Mathias, Gesquiere, Laurence R., Gordon, Jacob B., Grieneisen, Laura, Habig, Bobby, Jansen, David J., Learn, Niki H., Weibel, Chelsea J., Altmann, Jeanne, Alberts, Susan C., and Archie, Elizabeth A.

Subjects
ComputingMethodologies_PATTERNRECOGNITION, ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING
Abstract

This file contains all supplementary materials referenced in the main text, including the full dataset.

Published
2020
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28. Comparing proportional and ordinal dominance ranks reveals multiple competitive landscapes in an animal society

Author

Levy, Emily J, primary, Zipple, Matthew N, additional, McLean, Emily, additional, Campos, Fernando A, additional, Dasari, Mauna, additional, Fogel, Arielle S, additional, Franz, Mathias, additional, Gesquiere, Laurence R, additional, Gordon, Jacob B, additional, Grieneisen, Laura, additional, Habig, Bobby, additional, Jansen, David J, additional, Learn, Niki H, additional, Weibel, Chelsea J, additional, Altmann, Jeanne, additional, Alberts, Susan C, additional, and Archie, Elizabeth A, additional

Published
2020
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34. Emerging Biomarkers in Cutaneous Melanoma

Author

Eisenstein, Anna, primary, Gonzalez, Estela Chen, additional, Raghunathan, Rekha, additional, Xu, Xixi, additional, Wu, Muzhou, additional, McLean, Emily O., additional, McGee, Jean, additional, Ryu, Byungwoo, additional, and Alani, Rhoda M., additional

Published
2018
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35. Sex Differences in Sociability for Drosophila melanogaster with Altered Gut Microbiomes.

Author

Panos P, Chan T, Gowda N, Hong J, Kansal R, Shen K, and McLean E

Abstract

In Drosophila melanogaster the gut microbiome has been shown to influence multiple behaviors, including aggressive social behavior. Here, we investigate the effect of the Drosophila microbiome on pro-social behavior. We predicted that reducing the microbiome would lead to a decrease in pro-social behavior in adult flies. After altering the flies' microbiomes, we observed that virgin male flies with reduced microbiomes were significantly less social than virgin male control flies (t=3.09, p=0.006). We did not observe this difference in virgin female flies (t=0.344, p=0.73), or mated flies of either sex (males: t=0.456, p=0.66; females: t=0.271, p=0.79). Our results suggest that the role of the Drosophila microbiome in pro-social behavior is dependent on both sex and previous social experience., Competing Interests: The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present., (Copyright: © 2024 by the authors.)

Published
2024
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