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AKT or Protein Kinase B, the serine/threonine-specific protein kinase, is found in three analogous isoforms in cells of human and animal bodies. AKT is regulated and activated via various upstream regulators including GPCR (G protein-coupled receptor), RTK (Receptor tyrosine kinase), SYK (spleen tyrosine kinase), JAK (Janus kinase), and RAS lead to the further activation of multiple coordinated downstream cascades. The dysregulation of these pathways affects the cell cycle and cell proliferation, resulting in the development of carcinoma. Therefore, the study aimed with the objectives to explore all the major upstreaming and downstreaming regulators and associated signaling transduction pathways of AKT as an approach for further detailed studies or clinical management of tumors or cancers via targeted protein-based drug developments.

The study was conducted to determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasitic infestation in cattle and goat at Metro Livestock Office, Boalia in Rajshahi District for 22 weeks from 1st December, 2020 to 30th April, 2021. A total number of 240 animals were included in the study. The overall prevalence of helminthes infestation was recorded 70 % (168) under semi-intensive system. The trematodal infestations (Fasciola & Paramphistomum) were found in cattle 37.64% and 20% and in goat 21.29%, 18.06% respectively. The nematodal infestations (Ascaris and Trichuris) were found of 12.94% & 3.52% in cattle and 25.16% & 3.22% in goat respectively. The highest prevalence was recorded in goat 43.75% than cattle 26.25%. In case of cattle the highest prevalence rate was recorded in female 65.07% than the male 34.92% and in goat 55.23% and 44.76%. In breed wise susceptibilty of helminth parasite, cross bred 60.31% were comparatively have higher prevalence than local bred cattle 39.68% and in case of goat Black Bengal goat 45.71% was less susceptible to Gastrointestinal parasitic infestation than Jamunapari goat 54.28%. The study suggests that importance should be given to proper management, improved hygiene and regular deworming to prevent the parasitic infestation in cattle. Therefore, the results of this study will help to the veterinary practitioner’s and researchers for management of gastrointestinal parasitic infestation in this area. Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. 2021, 7 (4), 367-374

In today’s competitive modern manufacturing sectors, there is a vital need of utter precision and rigorous processing using various manufacturing approaches that directly influences the cost and processing duration of mechanized materials in addition to the consistency of the finished products. Therefore, it’s essential to figure out the required output by adjusting the control factors of any machining techniques which resulted in optimal values of the desired outcome. In this study, machining evaluation and process optimization is carried out on volumetric extraction of material namely material removal rate (MRR), kerf obtained during the machining (KW) and surface roughness (SR) of Inconel 718 superalloy during CNC controlled wire- electrical discharge machining. Four controllable factors- pulse interval, wire speed, pulse duration and peak current are considered to investigate the influence on performance measures. Taguchi's L16 has been used to construct the set of experiments before physical experimental runs and most influencing factors have been evaluated using ANOVA. SEM images and EDXS analysis have been resorted to examine the morphology of Inconel 718. These findings assist in identifying the topography of the machined surface. Further, the optimum integration has been obtained for the best yield and recorded using grey relational analysis integrated with Taguchi’s technique (T-GRA). The unfamiliarity of the work is based on consideration of zinc coated thin wire electrode and Taguchi-Grey combined approach of modelling with four levels of experimental design.

Precise estimation of the rare direct 3α decay of the Hoyle state of 12C has been made to unveil its unusual α-cluster configurations ranging from linear 3α chain structure to diffuse Bose gas as well as Bose Einstein condensate. The present new high precision, nearly zero background experimental study with 1.6×105 Hoyle events has converged on the upper limit for direct decay at ∼0.019% with 95% confidence limit, which is more than a factor of 2 lower than the limit obtained in the previous studies. Keywords: 3α cluster state, 12C(α, α)3α reaction, Complete kinematics reaction, The Hoyle state decay, Direct versus sequential decay, Inelastic scattering

Electrical discharge machining (EDM) is an electro-thermal machining process, which is basically a nonconventional method and is broadly used for machining of intricate cut of the hard materials like super alloys or composites with high precision and accuracy. In this process, a pulse discharge is generated between the workpiece and the tool, and also the removal of material from the workpiece takes place. This removal occurs in the presence of dielectric fluid, due to melting and vaporization. In machining process, the dielectric fluid plays a significant role, affecting the different response variables such as material removal rate (MRR), kerf width, surface roughness (SR), tool wear rate (TWR), and so on. So many important factors are considered when we use dielectric fluid in EDM machining such as health, safety and environment, especially when hydrocarbon-based dielectric fluids are used. Toxic emission in this machining process leads to various environmental problem, several health issues due to release of toxic fumes, vapors and aerosols during the machining process. This paper presents the study of different dielectric fluids used in electro-discharge machining and suggests the alternate green dielectric to minimize the environmental impact, leading toward the sustainability.

Six Sigma is a technique devised by Bill Smith of Motorola in 1985, operates with the help of numerous statistical, data-based tools and techniques in order to yield an appropriate result that substantially increases profits and ensures delivery of value by deteriorating the variation and eradication of defects. With global economy facing simultaneous slowdowns in the past few years, organizations are keen on finding an opportunity to curb the costs and lead the competition. Thus, a procedure known as Lean Six Sigma is used, that can aid in achieving such economic desires. Lean Six Sigma has been the one to show significant cost reduction by increasing the rate of material flow and information, making the process more efficient, and improves the grade of the product that is composed by the process. Lean Six Sigma has successfully been implemented by organizations to significantly improve a variety of processes in many different domains. The intent of this review paper is to link Lean Six Sigma with certain sustainability factors and sustainability itself.

International Transaction Journal of Engineering, Management, & Applied Sciences & Technologies, 12, 10, 12A10Q: 1-10

We report the first observation of two wobbling bands in ^{183}Au, both of which were interpreted as the transverse wobbling (TW) band but with different behavior of their wobbling energies as a function of spin. It increases (decreases) with spin for the positive (negative) parity configuration. The crucial evidence for the wobbling nature of the bands, dominance of the E2 component in the ΔI=1 transitions between the partner bands, is provided by the simultaneous measurements of directional correlation from the oriented states ratio and the linear polarization of the γ rays. Particle rotor model calculations with triaxial deformation reproduce the experimental data well. A value of spin, I_{m}, has been determined for the observed TW bands below which the wobbling energy increases and above which it decreases with spin. The nucleus ^{183}Au is, so far, the only nucleus in which both the increasing and the decreasing parts are observed and thus gives the experimental evidence of the complete transverse wobbling phenomenon.

This paper proposes an efficient way for implementation of regenerative braking system in automobiles for electric vehicles such as hybrid vehicle. Cost and efficiency of regenerative braking system associated with conversion of heat energy into electrical energy has also being proposed in this paper. This conversion of energy and its storage is done by devices such as capacitor, batteries, and motor which may have been lost as heat while braking.

The High-spin states in 195Tl, populated through the 185,187Re(13C, xn) fusion evaporation reaction at the beam energy of 75 MeV, were studied using the Indian National Gamma Array (INGA). More than 50 new γ transitions have been placed in the proposed level scheme which is extended up to the excitation energy of ≈ 5.6 MeV and spin=22.5ħ. Two pairs of degenerate bands based on two different quasi-particle configurations have been identified in this nucleus indicating the first observation of such bands in an odd-A nucleus in A∼190 region and signify the first evidence of multiple chiral bands in a nucleus in this region. The total Routhian surface calculations predict triaxial shapes for both the configurations and thereby, support the experimental observation. The importance of multiple neutron holes in the i13/2 orbital and the stability of shapes for these two configurations have been discussed. Keywords: Nuclear Structure, γ-ray spectroscopy, Doubly degenerate bands, TRS calculation

The release of oils/organic solvents into a water body is a serious issue as oils and solvents can adversely affect the environment. In this study, a simple fabrication method of porous vitreous carbon oil/organic solvent absorber was developed, and it shows 7 times higher performance than other activated carbon absorber. Three-dimensional interconnected porous vitreous carbon (VC) has been demonstrated for cleaning spilled oils/organic solvents. The porous VC absorbent was fabricated by carbonizing a porous furan precursor, which was prepared by utilizing organic furan resin and table sugar as template materials. Unlike other template-based methods, no template dissolution processes are required in this study. The carbon content in the fabricated porous VC was 91.6%, as confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The fabricated porous VC exhibited over-hydrophobic characteristics with a static contact angle of 135.1°, and showed high absorption capacity for a wide range of oils/organic solvents. The absorption capacity ranged from 186% to 290% depending on the viscosity, density, and surface tension of the oils/organic solvents. In the reusability experiment, no significant discrepancies were observed in the absorption capacity even after seven cycles.

The phenomenon of collective enhancement in nuclear level density and its fadeout has been probed using neutron evaporation study of two strongly deformed ( 173 Lu, 185 Re), and one spherical ( 201 Tl) compound nuclei over the excitation energy ( E ⁎ ) range of ∼ 22 – 56 MeV . Clear signature of the fadeout of collective enhancement in nuclear level density was observed for the first time in both the deformed evaporation residues 172 Lu and 184 Re at an excitation energy range ∼ 14 – 21 MeV . Calculations based on finite temperature density functional theory, as well as macroscopic–microscopic shape transition model, have strongly established a close correlation between the observed fadeout of collective enhancement and a deformed to spherical nuclear shape transition in these nuclei occurring in the same excitation energy zone. Interestingly, a weak signature of fadeout has also been observed for the spherical residue 200 Tl. This is due to a similar shape transition of the deformed excited state configuration of 200 Tl.

We report the first observation of two wobbling bands in $^{183}$Au, both of which were interpreted as the transverse wobbling (TW) band but with different behavior of their wobbling energies as a function of spin. It increases (decreases) with spin for the positive (negative) parity configuration. The crucial evidence for the wobbling nature of the bands, dominance of the $E2$ component in the $\Delta I = 1$ transitions between the partner bands, is provided by the simultaneous measurements of directional correlation from the oriented states (DCO) ratio and the linear polarization of the $\gamma$ rays. Particle rotor model calculations with triaxial deformation reproduce the experimental data well. A value of spin, $I_m$, has been determined for the observed TW bands below which the wobbling energy increases and above which it decreases with spin. The nucleus $^{183}$Au is, so far, the only nucleus in which both the increasing and the decreasing parts are observed and thus gives the experimental evidence of the complete transverse wobbling phenomenon., Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures, Accepted in Physical Review Letters

The excited states of 169Tm have been studied via the 169Tm(32S,32S′)169Tm* reaction at the beam energy of 164MeV. The $\gamma$-rays were detected using the Indian National Gamma Array (INGA) setup, composed of 19 Compton-suppressed clover HPGe detectors. A new level scheme of 169Tm with 11 newly placed $ \gamma$-rays has been proposed. A band crossing in the $ \pi [541]1/2^{-}$ band and several interband E1 transitions between this and the $ \pi [411]1/2^{+}$ ground-state band have been observed for the first time in this nucleus. The role of the $N=98$ deformed shell gap has been discussed by comparing the band crossing parameters of the negative parity bands in Tm and other neighboring nuclei. The origin of the interband E1 transitions has been investigated in terms of coupling to octupole degrees of freedom. The shape evolution of the Tm isotopes around $ N=98$ have been studied in the projected and cranked shell model approaches, both of which predict a change in shape from an axial prolate to a triaxial one after band crossing in these nuclei. The new data and the calculations help to understand the unusual structural phenomena reported for the nuclei with $ N=98$.

The excited states of $^{197}\mathrm{Tl}$ have been studied via $^{197}\mathrm{Au}(^{4}\mathrm{He}$, $4\mathrm{n})^{197}\mathrm{Tl}$ reaction at a beam energy of 50 MeV from the K-130 cyclotron at the Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre (VECC). The $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ rays were detected using the VECC array for Nuclear Spectroscopy (VENUS) with six Compton-suppressed clover HPGe detectors. An improved level scheme of $^{197}\mathrm{Tl}$ has been proposed from this work, which has been extended to 5.1 MeV of excitation energy and 39/2 $\ensuremath{\hbar}$ of spin from the placement of 28 new $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray transitions. Band crossings in the known one- and three-quasiparticle (qp) bands have been identified for the first time in this work. Two new bands, based on 3-qp and 5-qp configurations, have been observed for the first time in this nucleus; both of which are identified as the magnetic rotational (MR) in nature. The excitation energies of these bands are similar to that of the doubly degenerate bands observed for the similar 3-qp and 5-qp configurations in $^{195}\mathrm{Tl}$. These indicate a transition from an aplanar geometry of the neutron, proton, and the core angular momentum vectors to a planar one for neutron number $N\ensuremath{\ge}116$ in Tl isotopes. The total Routhian surface calculations suggest a change in shape from oblate for the 1-qp configuration to a near-spherical one for the 3- and 5-qp configurations. This is consistent with the observed MR nature of the bands with multi-qp configuration. The MR bands are well reproduced by a model calculations in the frame work of the shears mechanism with the principal axis cranking.

Energy spectra of light charged particles emitted in the reaction $p + {}^{27}\mathrm{Al} \rightarrow {}^{28}\mathrm{Si}^{\ast}$ have been studied and compared with statistical model calculation. Unlike 16O + 12C where a large deformation was observed in 28Si*, the energy spectra of $\alpha$ -particles were well explained by the statistical model calculation with standard “deformability parameters” obtained using the rotating liquid drop model. It seems that the $\alpha$ -clustering in the entrance channel causes extra deformation in 28Si* in the case of 16O + 12C, but the reanalysis of other published data shows that there are several cases where extra deformation was observed for composites produced via non- $\alpha$ -cluster entrance channels also. An empirical relation was found between mass-asymmetry in the entrance channel and deformation, which indicates that along with $\alpha$ -clustering, mass-asymmetry may also affect the emission of a light charged particle.

Clinical application of cisplatin against cholangiocarcinoma is often associated with resistance and toxicity posing urgent demand for combination therapy. In this study, we evaluated the combined anticancer effect of cisplatin and histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs), suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) and trichostatin A (TSA), on the cholangiocarcinoma KKU-100 and KKU-M214 cell lines. Antiproliferative activity was evaluated using MTT assay. Apoptosis induction and cell cycle arrest were analyzed by flow cytometry. Cell cycle and apoptosis regulating proteins were evaluated by western blot analysis. MTT assay showed that cisplatin, SAHA and TSA dose-dependently reduced the viability of KKU-100 and KKU-M214 cells. The combination of cisplatin and HDACIs exerted significantly more cytotoxicity than the single drugs. Combination indices below 1.0 reflect synergism between cisplatin and HDACIs, leading to positive dose reductions of cisplatin and HDACIs. Cisplatin and HDACIs alone induced G0/G1 phase arrest in KKU-100 cells, but the drug combinations increased sub-G1 percent more than either drug. However, cisplatin and HDACIs alone or in combination increased only the sub-G1 percent in KKU-M214 cells. Annexin V-FITC staining revealed that cisplatin and HDACIs combinations induced more apoptotic cell death of both KKU-100 and KKU-M214 cells than the single drug. In KKU-100 cells, growth inhibition was accompanied by upregulation of p53 and p21 and downregulation of CDK4 and Bcl-2 due to exposure to cisplatin, SAHA and TSA alone or in combination. Moreover, combination of agents exerted higher impacts on protein expression. Single agents or combination did not affect p53 expression, however, combination of cisplatin and HDACIs increased the expression of p21 in KKU-M214 cells. Taken together, cisplatin and HDACIs combination may improve the therapeutic outcome in cholangiocarcinoma patients.

The high spin excited states of $^{169}\mathrm{Tm}$ have been studied via the $^{169}\mathrm{Tm}$($^{32}\mathrm{S}$, $^{32}\mathrm{S}^{\ensuremath{'}}$)$^{169}{\mathrm{Tm}}^{*}$ reaction at a beam energy of 164 MeV. The $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ rays were detected using an array of 19 Compton-suppressed clover HPGe detectors. The band based on the $[411]1/{2}^{+}$ Nilsson orbital has been extended to observe the band crossing for the first time in this nucleus. A sharp backbending, similar to $^{165}\mathrm{Tm}$, is observed in this nucleus which is in complete contrast with its immediate neighbor $^{167}\mathrm{Tm}$. The data were interpreted in the cranked shell model approach by calculating the total Routhian surfaces, crossing frequencies, and the interaction strengths for these nuclei which are in excellent agreement with the experimental data. It is suggested that the $N=98$ deformed shell gap has larger effect in determining the nature of alignment than its shape driving effect.

High-spin band structures of $^{200}\mathrm{Tl}$ have been studied by $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray spectroscopic methods using the $^{198}\mathrm{Pt}(^{7}\mathrm{Li},5n)^{200}\mathrm{Tl}$ reaction at 45 MeV of beam energy. The level scheme of $^{200}\mathrm{Tl}$ has been extended significantly and several new band structures have been established with the observation of 60 new transitions. The $\ensuremath{\pi}{h}_{9/2}\ensuremath{\bigotimes}\ensuremath{\nu}{i}_{13/2}$ oblate band has been extended beyond the particle alignment frequencies. The band structures and the other excited states have been compared with the neighboring odd-odd Tl isotopes. Total Routhian surface calculations have been performed to study the deformation and shape changes as a function of spin in this nucleus. These calculations could reproduce the particle alignment frequency and suggest that the neutron pair alignment in $\ensuremath{\nu}{i}_{13/2}$ orbital induces $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ softness in $^{200}\mathrm{Tl}$.

The fission fragment mass distributions have been measured in the reactions 16O + 184W and 19F+ 181Ta populating the same compound nucleus 200Pb? at similar excitation energies. It is found that the widths of the mass distribution increases monotonically with excitation energy, indicating the absence of quasi-fission for both reactions. This is contrary to two recent claims of the presence of quasi-fission in the above mentioned reactions., Comment: Accepted for publication as a regular article in Physical Review C

A new high-spin isomer has been identified in 195Bi at the focal plane of the HYbrid Recoil mass Analyser (HYRA) used in the gas-filled mode. The fusion evaporation reactions 169Tm (30Si, x n) 193, 195Bi were used with the beam energies on targets of 168 and 146MeV for 6n and 4n channels, respectively. The evaporation residues, separated from the fission fragments, and their decays were detected at the focal plane of HYRA using MWPC, Si-Pad and clover HPGe detectors. The half-life of the new isomer in 195Bi has been measured to be 1.6(1)μs. The configuration of the new isomer has been proposed and compared with the other isomers in this region. The Total Routhian Surface (TRS) calculations for the three-quasiparticle configurations corresponding to the new isomer suggest an oblate deformation for this isomeric state. The same calculations for different configurations in 195Bi and for the even-even 194Pb core indicate that the proton i 13/2 orbital has a large shape driving effect towards oblate shape in these nuclei.

Mass distributions of the fragments in the fission of $^{206}$Po and the N=126 neutron shell closed nucleus $^{210}$Po have been measured. No significant deviation of mass distributions has been found between $^{206}$Po and $^{210}$Po, indicating the absence of shell correction at the saddle point in both the nuclei, contrary to the reported angular anisotropy and pre-scission neutron multiplicity results. This new result provides benchmark data to test the new fission dynamical models to study the effect of shell correction on the potential energy surface at saddle point.

The reaction [Formula: see text]Al([Formula: see text],3He) at 25 MeV beam energy has been utilized to study the states in even–even nucleus [Formula: see text]Mg. The spectroscopic factors have been extracted for the states of [Formula: see text]Mg up to 7.50[Formula: see text]MeV excitation energy using local, zero-range distorted wave Born approximation. The extracted spectroscopic factors have been compared with the previously reported values. The present results were also compared with the predictions from a theoretical shell model and rotational model.

In this work, decay spectroscopy of neutron-rich 43 K has been performed at the Radioactive Ion Beam (RIB) facility at Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre (VECC), Kolkata by producing it with an 18-MeV alpha beam on 40 Ar gas target. The beam was delivered from the K130 Cyclotron and the gas jet recoil transport system was used to move the products to a low-background site. The β-feeding intensities were measured by both high resolution γ-ray spectroscopy and total absorption γ-ray spectroscopy methods in order to address mainly the anomalies (if any) in the feeding to ΔJ ≥ 1 levels reported earlier. The decay half-life of 43 K was also measured to be 22.4(1) hrs.

The reaction 27 Al(d,t) at 25 MeV was utilized to study the excited states of 26 Al. The angular distributions of the observed excited states of 26 Al were analyzed with zero range distorted wave Born approximation as well as by incorporating finite range correction parameters to extract spectroscopic factors. The two sets of extracted spectroscopic factors were compared with each other to see the effect of using finite range correction in the transfer form factor.