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PARP inhibitors (PARPi) have established themselves as a class of essential anti-cancer drugs. They inhibit PARP proteins involved in DNA damage repair. Their anti-tumor action requires a concomitant abnormality in DNA damage repair, the homologous recombination deficiency (HRD). The genomic instability being too substantial, the tumor cell goes into apoptosis (concept of synthetic lethality). This last decade, the selection of patients benefiting from PARPi has been refined with convincing results for ovarian cancers, but also breast, prostate and pancreatic cancers. This article presents recent data that have impacted our clinical practice and the PARPi authorized in Switzerland., Competing Interests: La Dre C. Nay Fellay a participé à des comités consultatifs pour Astra-Zeneca et GSK dont les honoraires vont à son institution. Les autres auteurs n’ont déclaré aucun conflit d’intérêts en relation avec cet article.