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In recent years, poor indoor air quality and thermal comfort have been widely reported in related studies on indoor environmental quality in classrooms. Improving indoor air quality through ventilation is common and effective. However, it compromises occupant’s thermal comfort and well-being, thereby consuming more energy to meet increased heating or cooling demand and challenging energy conservation for Sustainable Development Goal 7. The existing researches imply the significance of conducting an extensive review on the three domains mentioned above (indoor air quality, thermal comfort, and energy consumption) in educational buildings, as individual cases are of peculiarity due to the specific characteristics of buildings and occupants. In contrast, the standards for indoor air quality and thermal comfort in educational buildings are not explicit and unified for all countries. This paper summarizes relevant features from reviewed cases, including: the geographic and demographic characteristics, field investigation parameters, indoor air quality and thermal comfort standards, ventilation protocols, heating and cooling strategies, energy consumption, as well as important and valuable findings in order to investigate the progress on such a topic. Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::3 - Salut i Benestar Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::7 - Energia Assequible i No Contaminant

Background Gastric mucosal lesion (GML) is the initiating pathological process in many refractory gastric diseases. And moxibustion is an increasingly popular alternative therapy that prevents and treats diseases. However, there are few published reports about developing pathology of GML and therapeutic mechanism of moxibustion treatment on GML. In this study, we investigated pathology of GML and therapeutic mechanism of moxibustion treatment on GML. Methods The male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were induced by intragastric administration of 75% ethanol after fasting for 24 h and treated by moxibustion at Zusanli (ST36) and Liangmen (ST21) for 1 day, 4 days or 7 days. Then we applied 1H NMR-based metabolomics to dynamic analysis of metabolic profiles in biological samples (stomach, cerebral cortex and medulla). And the conventional histopathological examinations as well as metabolic pathways assays were also performed. Results Moxibustion intervention showed a beneficial effect on GML by modulating comprehensive metabolic alterations caused by GML, including energy metabolism, membrane metabolism, cellular active and neurotransmitters function. Conclusions Moxibustion can effectively treat gastric mucosal damage and effectively regulate the concentration of some related differential metabolites to maintain the stability of the metabolic pathway.

Tian-Hao Zhou, 1,* Jing-Zhi Su, 2,* Rui Qin, 3 Xi Chen, 4 Gao-Da Ju, 5 Sen Miao 3 1Shanghai First People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining 272000, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Internal Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250000, People’s Republic of China; 5Department of Oncology, Beijing Cancer Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 102206, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Sen MiaoDepartment of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining 272000, People’s Republic of ChinaEmail miaosen128@163.comGao-Da JuDepartment of Oncology, Beijing Cancer Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 102206, People’s Republic of ChinaEmail jgd0412@163.comPurpose: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most devastating diseases worldwide. Limited performance of clinicopathologic parameters as prognostic factors underscores more accurate and effective biomarkers for high-confidence prognosis that guide decision-making for optimal treatment of HCC. The aim of the present study was to establish a novel panel to improve prognosis prediction of HCC patients, with a particular interest in transcription factors (TFs).Materials and Methods: A TF-related prognosis model of liver cancer with data from ICGC-LIRP-JI cohort successively were processed by univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis. Then, for evaluating the prognostic prediction value of the model, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and survival analysis were performed both with internal data from the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) and external data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Furthermore, we verified the expression of three genes in HCC cell lines by Western blot and qPCR and protein expression level by IHC in liver cancer patients’ sample. Finally, we constructed a TF clinical characteristics nomogram to furtherly predict liver cancer patient survival probability with TCGA cohort.Results: By Cox regression analysis, a panel of 15 TFs (ZNF331, MYCN, AHRR, LEF1, ZNF780A, POU1F1, DLX5, ZNF775, PLSCR1, FOXK1, TAL2, ZNF558, SOX9, TCFL5, GSC) was identified to present with powerful predictive performance for overall survival of HCC patients based on internal ICGC cohort and external TCGA cohort. A nomogram that integrates these factors was established, allowing efficient prediction of survival probabilities and displaying higher clinical utility.Conclusion: The 15-TF panel is an independent prognostic factor for HCC, and 15 TF-based nomogram might provide implication an effective approach for HCC patient management and treatment.Keywords: hepatocellular carcinoma, prognosis, transcription factor, overall survival

The microstructure evolution, mechanical properties, and tribological properties of high boron cast steel (HBCS) with various Mo concentrations are investigated. The results indicate that Mo addition can significantly modify the microstructure and enhance the comprehensive properties. With the increase of Mo concentration, borides change from the original fish-bone Fe-rich and Cr-rich M2B to dendritic Fe-rich M2B, blocky and cluster-like Cr-rich M2B, and grainy Mo-rich M2B. The hardness of HBCS increases gradually with the increase of Mo content due to the solid solution strengthening and the refinement of M2B. It can be found that all the samples exhibit quasi-cleavage, but the impact toughness increases firstly and reaches the maximum value when the concentration of Mo is 2.10 wt.%, which is the result of the dispersive distribution of M2B rather than the original fish-bone M2B. Subsequently, the impact toughness begins to decrease as the concentration of Mo further increases because of the extensive formation of grainy Mo-rich M2B at the grain boundary. Meanwhile, the wear results reveal that the average friction coefficient and wear ratio decrease with the increase of Mo content, and the wear mechanism changes from abrasive wear and adhesive wear to abrasive wear when the concentration of Mo exceeds 2.10 wt.%.

In Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), moxibustion had been used for thousands of years. Many clinical case reports and scientific studies had proved that moxibustion had a good effect in treating acute gastric ulcer (AGU). Some studies had shown that the relative content and species of bacteria in the intestinal would be changed when gastric mucosal injury happened. However, there was little research on the effect of intestinal microbiome with AGU rats that were treating by moxibustion. This study is aimed at analyzing the effect of fecal microbiome in rats with AGU by the 16S rDNA sequencing technology. Male SD rats were established by orally feeding once with 70% ethanol at 4 ml/kg except the control group, then treated by moxibustion in the stomach meridian group (“Liangmen,” “Zusanli”) and the gallbladder meridian group (“Riyue,” “Yanglingquan”) for 5 days. The 16S rDNA sequencing technology analysis of feces combined with histopathological methods and molecular biological detection methods was used to evaluate the therapeutic mechanism of moxibustion on AGU. AGU brought cause changes in the number and species of intestinal bacteria. Moxibustion on stomach meridian group could reduce the area of gastric mucosal injury and regulate the relative content of GAS and EGF. Moreover, moxibustion on the stomach meridian group could increase the relative content and species of beneficial bacteria in the intestine of rats with AGU. The relative abundance of intestinal probiotics was significantly upregulated in Alphaproteobacteria, Actinomycetales, and Bacillales. In addition, moxibustion might promote the repair of gastric mucosal injury by increasing the number and species of beneficial bacteria in the intestine.

Hypoxia is an indicative feature of human neuroblastoma solid tumor. Bioimaging of hypoxic neuroblastoma cells will be beneficial for tracing and locating the tumor in vivo. In this work, we developed a hypoxic neuroblastoma cell imaging probe based on the mechanism of transglutaminase 2 (TG2)-catalyzed polymerization of fluorescence molecule-labeled peptide monomers and intracellular self-assembly of polymerized elastin-like polypeptides (ELPs) specifically for hypoxic neuroblastoma cells. The key influencing parameters, namely thermosensitivity, molecular weight, and upper critical solution temperature, for TG2-catalyzed polymerization into ELPs are discussed. More than 25 repeat units of ELPs were obtained by optimized TG2-catalyzed polymerization. The intracellular polymerization and assembly generated the assembly/aggregation-induced retention effect specifically in TG2-overexpressed cells (e.g., HeLa) with retention efficiencies over 55% up to 24 h. Based on the up-regulation of TG2 expression under hypoxic conditions, our probe can selectively light hypoxic neuroblastoma cells rather than normoxic cells. Our strategy offers useful imaging probes to further study the mechanism of invasion and metastasis of hypoxic brain tumor in vivo with cell tracing and imaging functions.

Gastric ulcer (GU), a common digestive disease, has a high incidence and seriously endangers health of human. According to the previous studies, it has been proved that electroacupuncture at acupoints of stomach meridian had a good effect on GU. However, there are few published studies on metabolic response in gastric ulcer (GU) rats with electroacupuncture treatment. Herein, we observed the metabolic profiles in biological samples (stomach, liver, and kidney) of GU rats with electroacupuncture treatment by 1H NMR metabolomics combined with pathological examination. The male SD rats were induced by intragastric administration of 70% ethanol after fasting for 24 hours and treated by electroacupuncture at Zusanli (ST36) and Liangmen (ST21) for 1 day, 4 days, or 7 days, respectively. And the conventional histopathological examinations as well as metabolic pathways assays were also performed. We found that GU rats were basically cured after electroacupuncture treatment for 4 days and had a complete recovery after electroacupuncture treatment for 7 days by being modulated comprehensive metabolic changes, involved in the function of neurotransmitters, energy metabolism, cells metabolism, antioxidation, tissue repairing, and other metabolic pathways. These findings may be helpful to facilitate the mechanism elucidating of electroacupuncture treatment on GU.

Additional file 1. Figure S1. Histological morphology of gastric mucosa from 12 groups. (A1, B1, C1 and D1, rats in control group, gastric mucosal lesions model group, moxibustion-acupoint group and moxibustion-nonacupoint group at 1 day, respectively; A2, B2, C2 and D2, rats in control group, gastric mucosal lesions model group, moxibustion-acupoint group and moxibustion-nonacupoint group at 4 days, respectively; A3, B3, C3 and D3, rats in control group, gastric mucosal lesions model group, moxibustion-acupoint group and moxibustion-nonacupoint group at 7 days, respectively; Scale bars represent 200 μm in each group.) Figure S2. Corresponding S-plots from the GML rats and the control rats in stomach (a1, a2 and a3), cerebral cortex (b1, b2 and b3) and medulla (c1, c2 and c3) tissues for three time points. Figure S3. Corresponding S-plots from the GML rats and the GML rats with moxibustion acupoints(MA) treatment in stomach (a1, a2 and a3), cerebral cortex (b1, b2 and b3) and medulla (c1, c2 and c3) tissues for three time points. Figure S4. Summaries of metabolic pathways in gut-brain integration altered moxibustion treatment on GML rats. Moxibustion intervention showed beneficial effects by regulating many GML-induced metabolic changes involved in energy metabolism, amino acids metabolism and membrane metabolism. (1, Phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis; 2, d-Glutamine and d-glutamate metabolism; 3, Valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis; 4, Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism; 5, Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism; 6, Glutathione metabolism; 7, Phenylalanine metabolism; 8, Methane metabolism; 9, Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism; 10, Taurine and hypotaurine metabolism; 11, Citrate cycle (TCA cycle); 12, Pyruvate metabolism; 13, Starch and sucrose metabolism; 14, Aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis; 15, Glycolysis or Gluconeogenesis; 16, Arginine and proline metabolism; 17, Cysteine and methionine metabolism; 18, Tyrosine metabolism; 19, Primary bile and biosynthesis; 20, Glycerophospholipid metabolism.). Table S1. Peak attribution of the main marked metabolites in 1H-NMR spectra of stomach, cerebral cortex, medulla. Table S2. The alteration metabolites from stomach tissue. Table S3. The alteration metabolites from cerebral cortex tissue. Table S4. The alteration metabolites from medulla tissue.