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The subject of this paper is the analysis of possible influence of climate change on the energy performance of building and indoor temperatures. The model is based on the Maison Air et Lumière house, which concept was developed as part of the Model Homo 2020 project. It was a low-energy, single family, detached house. The model was divided into three thermal zones and developed by using SketchUp software. The analysis of the climate change was made on the example of the city in Poland - Kielce and described in the first part of the paper. Dynamic calculations of the building model were performed by using the TRNSYS software. The calculations were made for three different scenarios relating to existing technical systems: ventilation, ventilation + heating, ventilation + heating + cooling. Annual energy consumption and rooms air temperature changes were estimated for each variant. The results showed higher risk of summer discomfort and change in energy balance of building what indicates the need to use the cooling system in the future during the summer to reduce the discomfort of overheating. In the variant without the cooling system, the percentage of time with an indoor temperature above 27°C increased from 23.7% to 44.2% in zone 2. The energy demand for heating was reduced by 23.4% compared to the current climate, and the energy consumption for cooling (with the cooling option) increased significantly by 232% compared to the current demand. Summarizing, research indicates that with global warming, the energy demand for heating will decrease and the cooling demand will increase significantly in order to maintain the required user comfort. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This publication focuses on the assessment of the impact of structural solutions of single-family buildings with an increased energy standard on their air-tightness level. The first part presents the threats resulting from the low tightness of the building. To formulate the conclusions, quantitative and qualitative casing tightness tests of existing single-family energy-efficient buildings were carried out. Construction and material solutions used in buildings were also analysed. The obtained results indicate that there is no impact of the building structure on its level of air tightness.

This publication focuses on assessing the impact of the tightness of single-family houses with a higher energy standard on their energy demand for heating. To formulate conclusions quantitative and qualitative research, including tightness test (blower door) has been conducted in energy-efficient and passive houses. In the next step, energy demand for heating has been estimated. Based on the observation and results, the simulation of the impact of reducing the flow of infiltrated air through leaks in the buildings for energy demand for heating is calculated. The simulation results confirm the dependence between the tightness of the building and energy demand.

Airtightness is nowadays one of the physical parameters which determine overall building energy performance. In a wide range of states, the upper limit for air change rate at a Pa (na), air permeability rate at a Pa (qa), or specific leakage rate at a Pa (wa) is determined by the formal regulations. It should be highlighted that airtightness requirements are mainly the same around the world, disregarding any site and climatic conditions. The main goal of the presented work was to reveal the effect of individual location and surrounding infiltration rate and heat demand. The analyses were done using numerical techniques and computational models of the three buildings developed and calibrated based on the blower door test results. The compared buildings characterize by a similar geometry but differ in the air change rate at 50 Pa (n50). Analyses done for different locations and levels of sheltering by surrounding elements allow the determination of the real effect of local conditions. The obtained differences in energy demand between two locations from the same climatic zone were from 70% to 90%, depending on the airtightness of the buildings. Considering different sheltered conditions, the differences for the same location can be even 200%. The obtained results allowed for the formulation of the general conclusion that building location and level of exposure could be considered in future airtightness regulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]