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Objective: This study aims to show the usefulness of basic carbohydrate counting (BCC) in the glycemic control of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and to investigate the effects of BCC on body compositions. Subjects and Methods: We included T2DM 20 patients in no insulin therapy with stable dosage of antidiabetic medication 8 weeks before and during the study period. We provided the meal planning according to the indicated sugar mass, which was set to 50% of their energy amount per day. HbA1c levels, daily carbohydrate intake, and body compositions (measured with InBody 770) were collected before and 12 ± 4 weeks after BCC. Results: Before/after BCC of their daily carbohydrate intake and HbA1c levels were 210.7 ± 42.1/171.5 ± 34.9 g (p = 0.0018), and 8.1 ± 1.1/7.4 ± 0.9 % (p = 0.0002), respectively. To examine the effects of BCC on their body compositions, 16 patients with improved HbA1c levels were selected for further analysis. BCC improved their body weight (before/after BCC, 64.4 ± 17.6/63.0 ± 16.6 kg, p = 0.005), BMI (25.7 ± 5.3/25.2 ± 5.0 kg/m2, p = 0.004), body fat mass (21.8 ± 9.5/20.1 ± 8.7 kg, p = 0.014), and abdominal circumference (95.0 ± 13.6/92.9 ± 13.2 cm, p = 0.0004). There was no significant difference in overall SMI, but the muscle mass of right arm, left arm, and trunk significantly decreased while the muscle mass of legs was not affected by BCC. Discussion and Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate that BCC is an effective strategy for improving the glycemic control of T2DM patients. The patients with improved HbA1c levels also showed significant reduction in their body weight, BMI, body fat mass, and abdominal circumference. While preserving the muscle mass of their legs, the muscle mass reduction in their arms and trunks was observed. Combining with resistant training of arms and trunk, BCC may make more positive effects on T2DM patients. Disclosure M. Taniguchi: None. K. Maeda: None. R. Morita: None. R. Harada: None. F. Yoshino: None. Y. Mukai: None. M. Ikeda: None. K. Harada: None. M. Yoshiyama: None. H. Nakano: None.