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1. 36-month clinical outcomes of patients with venous thromboembolism

Author

Alexander G.G. Turpie, Alfredo E. Farjat, Sylvia Haas, Walter Ageno, Jeffrey I. Weitz, Samuel Z. Goldhaber, Shinya Goto, Pantep Angchaisuksiri, Gloria Kayani, Renato D. Lopes, Chern-En Chiang, Harry Gibbs, Eric Tse, Peter Verhamme, Hugo ten Cate, Juan Muntaner, Sebastian Schellong, Henri Bounameaux, Paolo Prandoni, Uma Maheshwari, Ajay K. Kakkar, Ab Loualidi, Abdurrahim Colak, Abraham Bezuidenhout, Abu Abdool-Carrim, Addala Azeddine, Adriaan Beyers, Adriaan Dees, Ahmed Mohamed, Ahmet Aksoy, Akihiko Abiko, Akinori Watanabe, Alan Krichell, Alberto Alfredo Fernandez, Alberto Tosetto, Alexey Khotuntsov, Alisha Oropallo, Alison Slocombe, Allan Kelly, Amanda Clark, Amr Gad, Amy Arouni, Andor Schmidt, Andrea Berni, Andres Javier Kleiban, Andrew Machowski, Andrey Kazakov, Angel Galvez, Ann Lockman, Anna Falanga, Anoop Chauhan, Antoni Riera-Mestre, Antonino Mazzone, Armando D'Angelo, Artur Herdy, Atsushi Kato, Ayman Abd Elhamid Ebrahim Mahmoud Salem, Azlan Husin, Barbara Erdelyi, Barry Jacobson, Beatrice Amann-Vesti, Bektas Battaloglu, Benedicte Wilson, Benilde Cosmi, Bergmann Jean Francois, Berremeli Toufek, Beverley Hunt, Bhavesh Natha, Bisher Mustafa, Bonnie Chi Shan Kho, Boulon Carine, Brian Zidel, Brisot Dominique, Brousse Christophe, Bruno Trimarco, Canhua Luo, Carlos Alberto Cuneo, Carlos Jerjes Sanchez Diaz, Carsten Schwencke, Cas Cader, Celal Yavuz, Cesar Javier Zaidman, Charles Lunn, Chau-Chung Wu, Cheng Hock Toh, Chevrier Elisa, Chien-Hsun Hsia, Chien-Lung Huang, Chi-Hang Kevin Kwok, Chih-Cheng Wu, Chi-Hung Huang, Chris Ward, Christian Opitz, Christina Jeanneret-Gris, Chung Yin Ha, Chun-Yao Huang, Claude Luyeye Bidi, Clifford Smith, Cornelia Brauer, Corrado Lodigiani, Couturaud Francis, Cynthia Wu, Daniel Staub, Daniel Theodoro, Daniela Poli, David - Riesco Acevedo, David Adler, David Jimenez, David Keeling, David Scott, Davide Imberti, Desmond Creagh, Desmurs-Clavel Helene, Dirk Hagemann, Dirk Le Roux, Dirk Skowasch, Dmitry Belenky, Dmitry Dorokhov, Dmitry Petrov, Dmitry Zateyshchikov, Domenico Prisco, Dorthe Møller, Dusan Kucera, Ehab M. Esheiba, Elizaveta Panchenko, Elkouri Dominique, Emre Dogan, Emre Kubat, Enrique Diaz Diaz, Eric Wai Choi Tse, Erik Yeo, Erman Hashas, Ernst Grochenig, Eros Tiraferri, Erwin Blessing, Escande Orthlieb Michèle, Esther Usandizaga, Ettore Porreca, Fabian Ferroni, Falvo Nicolas, Félix Ayala-Paredes, Firas Koura, Fitjerald Henry, Franco Cosmi, Frans Erdkamp, Gadel Kamalov, Garcia-Bragado Dalmau, Garrigues Damien, Garry Klein, Gaurand Shah, Geert Hollanders, Geno Merli, Georg Plassmann, George Platt, Germain Poirier, German Sokurenko, Ghassan Haddad, Gholam Ali, Giancarlo Agnelli, Gin Gin Gan, Grace Kaye-Eddie, Gregoire Le Gal, Gregory Allen, Guillermo Antonio Llamas Esperón, Guillot Jean-Paul, Hagen Gerofke, Hallah Elali, Hana Burianova, Hans-Juergen Ohler, Haofu Wang, Harald Darius, Harinder S. Gogia, Harry Striekwold, Hatice Hasanoglu, Hatice Turker, Hendrik Franow, Herbert De Raedt, Herman Schroe, Hesham Salah ElDin, Hesham Zidan, Hiroaki Nakamura, Ho Young Kim, Holger Lawall, Hong Zhu, Hongyan Tian, Ho-Young Yhim, Hun Gyu Hwang, Hyeok Shim, Igor Kim, Igor Libov, Igor Sonkin, Igor Suchkov, Ik-Chan Song, Ilker Kiris, Ilya Staroverov, Irene Looi, Isabel M. De La Azuela Tenorio, Ismail Savas, Ivan Gordeev, Ivo Podpera, Jae Hoon Lee, Jameela Sathar, James Welker, Jan Beyer-Westendorf, Jan Kvasnicka, Jan Vanwelden, JangYong Kim, Jaromira Svobodova, Jaspal Gujral, Javier Marino, Javier Tristan Galvar, Jeannine Kassis, Jen-Yuan Kuo, Jhih-Yuan Shih, JiHyun Kwon, Jin Hyun Joh, Jin Hyun Park, Jin Seok Kim, Jinghua Yang, Jiri Krupicka, Jiri Lastuvka, Jiri Pumprla, Jiri Vesely, Joan Carlos Souto, João Antônio Correa, Johan Duchateau, John Perry Fletcher, Jorge del Toro, Jorge Guillermo Chavez Paez, Jørn Nielsen, Jose Dalmo Araujo Filho, Jose Saraiva, Jose Antonio Diaz Peromingo, Jose Gomez Lara, Jose Luis Fedele, Jose Maria Surinach, Joseph Chacko, Juan Antonio Muntaner, Juan Carlos Álvarez Benitez, Juan Moreno Hoyos Abril, Julian Humphrey, Julio Bono, Junji Kanda, Juree Boondumrongsagoon, Kai Hang Yiu, Kanchana Chansung, Karin Boomars, Kate Burbury, Katsuhiro Kondo, Kemal Karaarslan, Kensuke Takeuchi, Knut Kroeger, Konstantin Zrazhevskiy, Koscál Svatopluk, Kou-Gi Shyu, Kristel Vandenbosch, Kuan-Cheng Chang, Kuan-Ming Chiu, Kubina Jean-Manuel, Kwan Jing Wern, Kwo-Chang Ueng, Lalita Norasetthada, Laure Binet, Lee Ping Chew, Lei Zhang, Leone Maria Cristina, Lidwine Tick, Lilia Beatriz Schiavi, Lily Lee Lee Wong, Lohana Borges, Louis Botha, Luc Capiau, Luc Timmermans, Luciano Eduardo López, Luigi Ria, Luis Manuel Hernandez Blasco, Luis Alberto Guzman, Luis Flota Cervera, Mahe Isabelle, Manuel Monreal Bosch, Manuel de los Rios Ibarra, Manuel Núñez Fernandez, Marc Carrier, Marcelo Raul Barrionuevo, Marco Antonio Alcocer Gamba, Marco Cattaneo, Marco Moia, Margaret Bowers, Mariam Chetanachan, Mario Alberto Berli, Mark Fixley, Markus Faghih, Markus Stuecker, Marlin Schul, Martin Banyai, Martin Koretzky, Martin Myriam, Mary Elizabeth Gaffney, Masao Hirano, Masashi Kanemoto, Mashio Nakamura, Mersel Tahar, Messas Emmanuel, Michael Kovacs, Michael Leahy, Michael Levy, Michael Munch, Michael Olsen, Michel De Pauw, Michel Gustin, Michiel Van Betsbrugge, Mikhail Boyarkin, Miroslav Homza, Modise Koto, Mohamed Abdool-Gaffar, Mohamed Ayman Fakhry Nagib, Mohamed El-Dessoki, Mohamed Khan, Monniaty Mohamed, Moo Hyun Kim, Moon-Hee Lee, Mosaad Soliman, Mostafa Shawky Ahmed, Mostafa Soliman Abd el Bary, Moustafa A. Moustafa, Muhammad Hameed, Muhip Kanko, Mujibur Majumder, Nadezhda Zubareva, Nicola Mumoli, Nik Azim Nik Abdullah, Nisa Makruasi, Nishen Paruk, Nonglak Kanitsap, Norberto Duda, Nordiana Nordin, Ole Nyvad, Olga Barbarash, Orcun Gurbuz, Oscar Gomez Vilamajo, Oscar Nandayapa Flores, Ozcan Gur, Oztekin Oto, Pablo Javier Marchena, Patrick Carroll, Pavel Lang, Peter MacCallum, Peter Baron von Bilderling, Peter Blombery, Petr Jansky, Peuch Bernadette, Philippe De Vleeschauwer, Philippe Hainaut, Piera Maria Ferrini, Piriyaporn Iamsai, Ponchaux Christian, Pongtep Viboonjuntra, Ponlapat Rojnuckarin, Prahlad Ho, Pramook Mutirangura, Rachel Wells, Rafael Martinez, Raimundo Tirado Miranda, Ralf Kroening, Rapule Ratsela, Raquel Lopez Reyes, Raul Franco Diaz de Leon, Raymond Siu Ming Wong, Raz Alikhan, Reinhold Jerwan-Keim, Remedios Otero, Renate Murena-Schmidt, Reto Canevascini, Richard Ferkl, Richard White, Rika Van Herreweghe, Rita Santoro, Robert Klamroth, Robert Mendes, Robert Prosecky, Roberto Cappelli, Rudolf Spacek, Rupesh Singh, Sam Griffin, Sang Hoon Na, Sanjeev Chunilal, Saskia Middeldorp, Satoshi Nakazawa, See Guan Toh, Seinturier Christophe, Selim Isbir, Selma Raymundo, Seng Kiat Ting, Serge Motte, Serir Ozkan Aktogu, Servaas Donders, Seung Ick Cha, Seung-Hyun Nam, Sevestre-Pietri Marie-Antoinette, Shaun Maasdorp, Shenghua Sun, Shenming Wang, Sherif Mohamed Essameldin, Sherif Mohamed Sholkamy, Shintaro Kuki, Shuichi Yoshida, Shunzo Matsuoka, Simon McRae, Simon Watt, Siriwimon Patanasing, Siwe-Nana Jean-Léopold, Somchai Wongkhantee, Soo-Mee Bang, Sophie Testa, Stanislav Zemek, Steffen Behrens, Stephan Dominique, Stuart Mellor, Suaran Singh Gurcharan Singh, Sudip Datta, Sunee Chayangsu, Susan Solymoss, Tamara Everington, Tarek Ahmed Adel Abdel-Azim, Tawatchai Suwanban, Taylan Adademir, Terence Hart, Terriat Béatrice, Thifhelimbilu Luvhengo, Thomas Horacek, Thomas Zeller, Tim Boussy, Tim Reynolds, Tina Biss, Ting-Hsing Chao, Tomas Smith Casabella, Tomoya Onodera, Tontanai Numbenjapon, Victor Gerdes, Vladimir Cech, Vladimir Krasavin, Vladimir Tolstikhin, W.A. Bax, Wagih Fawzy Abdel Malek, Wai Khoon Ho, Walter Pharr, Weihong Jiang, Wei-Hsiang Lin, Weihua Zhang, Wei-Kung Tseng, Wen-Ter Lai, Wilfried De Backer, Wilhelm Haverkamp, Winston Yoshida, Wolfgang Korte, Won Il Choi, Yang-Ki Kim, Yasuhiro Tanabe, Yasushi Ohnuma, Yeung-Chul Mun, Yohan Balthazar, Yong Park, Yoshisato Shibata, Yuriy Burov, Yuriy Subbotin, Zdenek Coufal, Zhenwen Yang, Zhicheng Jing, Zhongqi Yang, Pulmonary Medicine, Clinical Genetics, Internal Medicine, Vascular Medicine, ACS - Pulmonary hypertension & thrombosis, ARD - Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, ACS - Diabetes & metabolism, VU University medical center, Interne Geneeskunde, MUMC+: MA Alg Interne Geneeskunde (9), and RS: Carim - B04 Clinical thrombosis and Haemostasis

Subjects
History, Anticoagulation, Registry, Polymers and Plastics, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Deep vein thrombosis, Pulmonary embolism, Hematology, Business and International Management, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Venous thromboembolism
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Venous thromboembolism (VTE), encompassing both deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. METHODS: GARFIELD-VTE is a prospective, non-interventional observational study of real-world treatment practices. We aimed to capture the 36-month clinical outcomes of 10,679 patients with objectively confirmed VTE enrolled between May 2014 and January 2017 from 415 sites in 28 countries. FINDINGS: A total of 6582 (61.6 %) patients had DVT alone, 4097 (38.4 %) had PE ± DVT. At baseline, 98.1 % of patients received anticoagulation (AC) with or without other modalities of therapy. The proportion of patients on AC therapy decreased over time: 87.6 % at 3 months, 73.0 % at 6 months, 54.2 % at 12 months and 42.0 % at 36 months. At 12-months follow-up, the incidences (95 % confidence interval [CI]) of all-cause mortality, recurrent VTE and major bleeding were 6.5 (7.0-8.1), 5.4 (4.9-5.9) and 2.7 (2.4-3.0) per 100 person-years, respectively. At 36-months, these decreased to 4.4 (4.2-4.7), 3.5 (3.2-2.7) and 1.4 (1.3-1.6) per 100 person-years, respectively. Over 36-months, the rate of all-cause mortality and major bleeds were highest in patients treated with parenteral therapy (PAR) versus oral anti-coagulants (OAC) and no OAC, and the rate of recurrent VTE was highest in patients on no OAC versus those on PAR and OAC. The most frequent cause of death after 36-month follow-up was cancer (n = 565, 48.6 %), followed by cardiac (n = 94, 8.1 %), and VTE (n = 38, 3.2 %). Most recurrent VTE events were DVT alone (n = 564, 63.3 %), with the remainder PE, (n = 236, 27.3 %), or PE in combination with DVT (n = 63, 7.3 %). INTERPRETATION: GARFIELD-VTE provides a global perspective of anticoagulation patterns and highlights the accumulation of events within the first 12 months after diagnosis. These findings may help identify treatment gaps for subsequent interventions to improve patient outcomes in this patient population. ispartof: THROMBOSIS RESEARCH vol:222 pages:31-39 ispartof: location:United States status: published

Published
2023
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2. Benralizumab for the Prevention of COPD Exacerbations

Author

Criner, G. J., Celli, B. R., Brightling, C. E., Agusti, A., Papi, A., Singh, D., Sin, D. D., Vogelmeier, C. F., Sciurba, F. C., Bafadhel, M., Backer, V., Kato, M., Ramirez-Venegas, A., Wei, Y. -F., Bjermer, L., Shih, V. H., Jison, M., O'Quinn, S., Makulova, N., Newbold, P., Goldman, M., Martin, U. J., GALATHEA Study Investigators, TERRANOVA Study Investigators, Otto, Burghuber, Bernhard, Forstner, Gerhard, Köberl, Bernd, Lamprecht, Judith, Löffler-Ragg, Horst, Olschewski, Michael, Studnicka, Francois, Beaucage, Guy, Chouinard, Anthony, Dechant, Anthony, Dowell, Jacques, Hebert, Sohail, Khattak, Kieran, Killian, William, Killorn, Andy, Lam, Francois, Maltais, Darcy, Marciniuk, Lyle, Melenka, Bonavuth, Pek, Jeremy, Road, Donald, Sin, Alain, Vaugeois, Brandie, Walker, Tomas, Dvorak, Stanislav, Holub, Otakar, Hokynar, Vitezslav, Kolek, Daniela, Kopecka, Jan, Krepelka, Jaroslav, Mares, Josef, Veverka, Vladimir, Zindr, Sabine, Ballenberger, Rolf, Dichmann, Christian, Geßner, Margret, Jandl, Claus, Keller, Joachim, Kirschner, Marc, Kornmann, Petra, Mikloweit, Ingomar, Naudts, Axel, Overlack, Isabelle, Schenkenberger, Volker, Schlegel, Lutz Von Versen, Claus Franz Vogelmeier, Stefan, Zielen, István, Albert, Beatrix, Bálint, Mária Csilla Hangonyi, Teréz, Kecskés, Anikó, Kurucz, Balázs, Medgyasszay, Lajos, Molnár, János, Mucsi, Márta, Papp, Magdolna, Póczi, Éva, Radeczky, Zsolt Pápai Székely, Csilla, Szabó, Gyöngyi, Szabó, Melinda, Szabó, Alfredo Antonio Chetta, Giuseppe Di Maria, Giulio, Donazzan, Federica, Meloni, Elisabetta, Pace, Pierluigi, Paggiaro, Alberto, Papi, Ricciardolo, Fabio Luigi Massimo, Antonio, Spanevello, Fumiaki, Aoki, Ryosuke, Eda, Takeo, Endo, Yasushi, Fukushima, Kenichi, Gemba, Naoki, Hagimoto, Hiromasa, Harada, Yasuko, Harada, Norihiko, Hata, Osamu, Hataji, Nobuo, Hatakeyama, Takahiko, Horiguchi, Gen, Ideura, Motoyasu, Iikura, Azusa, Ikegami, Shirou, Imokawa, Yoshikazu, Inoue, Takeshi, Isobe, Ryoji, Ito, Susumu, Iwata, Tadashi, Kamei, Motokazu, Kato, Hideki, Katsura, Yuji, Kawarada, Norio, Kihara, Masaharu, Kinoshita, Takashi, Kinoshita, Tomoo, Kishaba, Hideo, Kita, Arihiro, Kiyosue, Shigeru, Komatsu, Kazuki, Konishi, Sekiya, Koyama, Makoto, Kudo, Kazuhiko, Machida, Hironi, Makita, Hiroto, Matsuse, Naoki, Miyazawa, Hiroyuki, Nakamura, Yuji, Nakatani, Kazuyuki, Nishimura, Takashi, Nishimura, Junichi, Ogawa, Hiroyuki, Ohbayashi, Tetsuro, Ohdaira, Tsukasa, Ohnishi, Kazuhiko, Oki, Masahiko, Saito, Kenji, Sakamoto, Osamu, Sakamoto, Hisakuni, Sekino, Noriharu, Shijubo, Masaharu, Shinkai, Hideo, Soto, Yoshitaka, Sugawara, Noriaki, Suko, Hisaho, Takahashi, Masamitsu, Takahashi, Tsuneyuki, Takahashi, Hiroshi, Tanaka, Hiroyuki, Taniguchi, Tadayuki, Terada, Takao, Tochigi, Kazuyo, Tohyama, Hirokazu, Tokuyasu, Keisuke, Tomii, Tomomasa, Tsuboi, Mitsuyoshi, Utsugi, Katsumaru, Yamamoto, Michiko, Yamamoto, Shuichi, Yano, Makoto, Yoshida, Frank, Custers, Richard, Dekhuijzen, Remco, Djamin, Jan Willem Van Dan Berg, Lowie, Vanfleteren, Pascal, Wielders, Bogusława, Cimoszko, Anna, Doboszyńska, Andrzej, Dyczek, Andrzej, Fal, Krystyna, Folcik, Łukasz, Goliński, Marek, Jutel, Andrzej, Kolczyński, Piotr, Kuna, Ewa, Łączyńska, Wojciech, Machowiak, Maciej, Marczak, Joanna, Markiewicz, Janusz, Milanowski, Grzegorz, Mincewicz, Maria, Nittner-Marszalska, Wojciech, Papiewski, Małgorzata, Pawlukiewicz, Witold, Pomiećko, Barbara, Rewerska, Cezary, Rybacki, Wojciech, Skucha, Ewa, Trębas-Pietraś, Ewa, Uhryn, Małgorzata, Żurowska-Gębala, Laurentia, Andrei, Traian, Mihaescu, Stefan, Mihaicuta, Eniko Vera Pall, Ioan, Petrui, Angelica, Savu, Claudia, Toma, Ana, Trailescu, Vladimir, Abrosimov, Nataliya, Astafyeva, Evgenyi, Bazdyrev, Nadezhda, Berdnikova, Laura, Bolieva, Ekaterina, Bukreeva, Valery, Chistyakov, Anna, Galustyan, Halida, Gantseva, Svetlana, Goncharova, Sergey, Grigoriev, Galina, Ignatova, Inna, Ilyashevich, Nadezhda, Izmozherova, Magomed, Kamalov, Yaroslava, Khovaeva, Natalia, Kuzubova, Lyudmila, Kvitkova, Liudmila, Lenskaya, Igor, Leshchenko, Olga, Magnitskaya, Boris, Molotilov, Artem, Molotkov, Svetlana, Myasoedova, Sergey, Nedogoda, Vladimir, Nosov, Marina, Osipenko, Andrey, Peskov, Veronika, Popova, Oksana, Ratushnay, Irina, Ryzhova, Olga, Shangina, Natalia, Shaporova, Evgeny, Shmelev, Lybov, Shpagina, Alexander, Shutkin, Yuri, Shvarts, Mikhail, Smirnov, Irina, Stitsenko, Maksim, Vasilev, Arkadiy, Vertkin, Elena, Vishneva, Alexander, Vizel, Anna, Zateyschikova, Mohamed, Abdool-Gaffar, Ismail, Abdullah, Axel, Bruning, Nyda, Fourie, Michael, Greenblatt, Mohammed, Tayob, Venter, K, An Soo Jang, Kwan Ho Lee, Sang Haak Lee, Sook Young Lee, Suk Joong Yong, Kwang Ha Yoo, Soo Taek Uh, Ramón Agüero Balbín, David Ramos Barbón, Álvar Agustí García-Navarro, José Luis Velasco Garrido, Sergi Pascual Guardia, Eduard Monso Molas, Luis De Teresa Parreño, Borja García-Cosio Piqueras, German Peces-Barba Romero, Myriam Calle Rubio, Fernando Sánchez-Toril López, Alicia Marín Tapia, Heidi Martin Braschler, Martin, Brutsche, Michael, Grob, Jörg, Leuppi, Daiana, Stolz, Alexander, Turk, Nawar, Bakerley, Mona, Bafadhel, Christopher, Brightling, Rekha, Chaudhuri, Gourab, Choudhury, Graham, Devereux, Imran, Hussain, Kai, Lee, William, Macnee, Ravindran, Mahadeva, Matthew, Masoli, Monica, Nordstrom, Manish, Patel, Allan, Reid, Dinesh, Saralaya, Tariq, Sethi, Sukh Dave Singh, Anthony, G de Soyza, Tom, Wilkinson, Alice, Turner, Helen, Ward, Chandar, Abboy, Ivan, Ackerman, Idalia, Acosta, Arun, Adlakha, Bassil, Aish, Mohamed, Ali, Charles, Andrews, Robby, Ayoub, Anil, Badhwar, Dennis, Bassetti, Sherif El Bayadi, Richard, Beasley, Shashi, Bellam, Jonathan, Bernstein, Maria, Blahey, Scott, Bloom, Eugene, Bleecker, Wesley, Bray, Johnathan, Brewer, Robert, Buynak, William, Calhoun, Edward, Campbell, Anthony, Captain, Birjis, Chinoy, Kenneth, Chinsky, Geoffrey, Chupp, Arsenio, Columbie, Clinton, Corder, Gerard, Criner, Humberto, Cruz, Edward, Cullen, Kevin, Deboer, Michael, Denenberg, Mark, Dransfield, Leonard, Dunn, Miles, Elmore, David, Erb, Faisal, Fakih, Gary, Ferguson, Charles, Fogarty, Mark, Freed, Stephen, Fritz, David, Fuentes, Shariar, Cohen-Gadol, Robert, Garver, John, Given, Luis Ramos Gonez, Raul Ebran Gonzalez, Robert, Gordon, Gregory, Gottschlich, Donald, Graham, David, Grant, Gary, Greenwald, James, Greenwald, Kenneth, Haft, Gregory, Hammond, Nadia, Hansel, Jeffrey, Harris, Humberto, Hernandez, Marvin, Heuer, Albrecht, Heyder, David, Hill, Willis, Holloway, Octavian, Ioachimescu, Richard, Jackson, Ajay, Jain, Nan, Jiang, Thomas, Kaelin, Adolfo, Kaplan, Mitchell, Kaye, Akram, Khan, Yekaterina, Khronusova, Ryan, Klein, Joel, Kline, Firas, Koura, Ritsu, Kuno, Ware, Kuschner, Jean Claude Labissiere, David Laman Jr, John, Lee, Mitchell, Lee, Lawrence, Levinson, Njira, Lugogo, Mador, M, Nathaniel, Marchetti, Rafael, Martinez, Richard, Martinez, Peter, Mattar, David, Maybee, Dennis, Mcgraw, Michael, Mcguire, Curtis, Mello, Aaron, Milstone, John, Mitchell, Wendy, Moore, Timothy, Moriarty, Cheta, Nand, Brooke, Nevins, Ikeadi, Ndukwu, Rachel, Nisbet, David, Nyanjom, Maria, Nualart, Thomas, O'Brien, Mikhail, Palatnik, Gnyandev, Patel, Amit, Patel, Guido, Perez, Christopher, Perry, Michael, Pfeffer, Krishna, Pudi, Marina, Raikhel, Murali, Ramaswamy, Joe, Ramsdell, Donato, Ricci, Gary, Richmond, Eugene, Ryan, Fadi, Saba, Boris, Sagalovich, C Andrew Schroeder, Timothy, Scialla, Frank, Sciurba, Amit, Shah, Nirav, Shah, Zeeshan, Shaikh, Akhtar, Siddiqui, Barry, Sigal, Thomas, Siler, Howard, Silverboard, William, Sims, Clyde, Southwell, Selwyn, Spangenthal, Peruvemba, Sriram, James, Stocks, Tony, Su, John, Suen, Robert, Sussman, Horia, Tatu, Antonio, Terrelonge, Alan, Thomas, Mario, Torres, Rodolfo, Trejo, Miguel, Trevino, Banks, Turner, Manuel, Villareal, Janine, Vintch, Neal, Warshoff, Jan, Westerman, Philip, Wexler, Thomas, Yunger, Amir, Zeki, Mariano Fernandez Acquier, Norma, Aramayo, German, Arce, Juan, Belloni, Víctor, Cambursano, Carlos De La Vega, Fernando Rodriguez Chariarse, Pedro, Elias, Marcelo, Fernández, Ana, Lopez, Andrea, Medina, María, Otaola, Maria Salazan Saez, Maria De Salvo, Fernando, Scherbovsky, Ana, Stok, Jorge, Taborda, Alberto, Tolcachier, Fernando, Verra, Carlos, Victorio, Rita Gisela Delgado Vizcarra, Philip, Bardin, Peter, Bremner, Martin, Phillips, John, Upham, Peter, Wark, Antoine, Bolly, Alain, Delobbe, Peter, Driesen, Eduard, Janssens, Wim, Janssens, Olivier, Michel, Bernard, Vandooren, Martti, Antila, Jussara, Fiterman, Carlos, Fritscher, Jorge, Hetzel, Jose, Jardim, Waldo De Mattos, Rafael, Martins, Maria Eunice De Oliveira, Andreia, Pez, Maria, Sales, Rafael, Stelmach, Priscila, Wolff, Svetla, Andreeva, Reneta, Antonova, Ana, Dancheva, Yuliya, Ivanova, Slavcho, Ivanov, Hristo, Metev, Iveta, Naydenova, Tatyana, Petkova, Galina, Petrova, Kostadinka, Sotirova, Mariyana, Stoyanova, Rumen, Tiholov, Iliyana, Valkanova, Oleg, Yakov, Rosa, Feijoo, Juana, Pavie, Patricia, Schönffeldt, Absalon, Silva, Victor, Martinez, David, Espinosa, Alejandro, Londono, Dora, Molina, Gonzalo, Prada, Andrés, Rico, Gregorio Sanchez Vallejo, Alvaro, Urbina, Ana, Vanegas, Maria, Villegas, Josip, Aralica, Gordana, Stjepanovic, Vibeke, Backer, Uffe, Bødtger, Christian, Meyer, Læge Sven Nielsen, Anders Loekke Ottesen, Ingrid, Titlestad, Nathalie, Bautin, Arnaud, Bourdin, Pascal, Chanez, Francis, Couturaud, Antoine, Cuvelier, Gilles, Devouassoux, Pierre-Olivier, Girodet, Jean-François, Muir, Jean-Louis, Pépin, Alain, Proust, Azzedine, Yaici, Yochai, Adir, Gershon, Fink, Zvi, Fridlender, Gabriel, Izbicki, Mordechai, Kramer, Yehuda, Schwartz, Juan Moreno Hoyos Abril, Ricardo Campos Cerda, Efraín Montaño Gonzalez, Ricardo Ramirez Terrones, Rodolfo Posadas Valay, Alejandra, Ramirez-Venegas, Paul, Dawkins, Syed, Hussain, Benedict, Brockway, John, Richmond, Colin, Helm, Catherina, Chang, Jørn, Ahlqvist, Terje, Tollåli, Tadeusz, Tomala, Socorro, Castro, William, Chavez, Octavio, Cubas, Rolando, Estrella, Efrain, Felix, Ronal, Gamarra, Alfredo, Guerreros, Alberto, Matsuno, Danilo, Salazar, Miguel, Tsukayama, Albert Albay Jr, Teresita, Aquino, Tito, Atienza, Joven Roque Gonong, Ronnie, Samoro, Joel, Santiaguel, Beata, Asankowicz-Bargiel, Ewa, Pisarczyk-Bogacka, Renata, Bijata-Bronisz, Marta, Chełmińska, Małgorzata, Dobryniewska, Anna, Olech-Cudzik, Tomasz, Fijołek, Krzysztof, Filipek, Agata, Kot, Bożena, Kucińska, Krzysztof, Lis, Elżbieta, Rybicka-Liszewska, Marzenna, Tarnowska-Matusiak, Robert, Mróz, Piotr, Napora, Wojciech, Naumnik, Artur, Niemiec, Władysław, Pierzchała, Grzegorz, Przybylski, Katarzyna, Styka, Danuta, Wrońska, Branislava, Milenkovic, Dobrivoje, Novkovic, Matijaz, Flezar, Niksa, Segota, Snezana Ulcar Kostic, Albert, Klobucar, Leif, Bjermer, Dan, Curiac, Christer, Janson, Pekka, Koskinen, Lundback, Bo, Åke, Olsson, Shih-Lung, Cheng, Ming-Lin, Ho, Jeng-Yuan, Hsu, Wu-Huei, Hsu, Ping-Hung, Kuo, Chin-Chou, Wang, Yu-Feng, Wei, Kuang-Yao, Yang, Watchara, Boonsawat, Somchai, Chantarothorn, Warangkana, Keeratichananont, Kittipong, Maneechotesuwan, Kanok, Pipatvech, Piamlarp, Sangsayunh, Sibel, Arinc, Sermin, Borekci, Arzu Kaner Erturk, Filiz, Kosar, Hakan, Gunen, Ismail, Hanta, Pinar Akin Kabalak, Tunc Alp Demir, Sibel, Nayci, Serir Aktogu Ozkan, Abdullah, Sayiner, Esra, Uzaslan, Viktor, Blazhko, Volodymyr, Gavrysyuk, Olena, Golub, Liudmyla, Iashyna, Tetiana, Ilashchuk, Volodymyr, Koshlia, Olena, Krakhmalova, Vitali, Kryvenko, Lesia, Kuryk, Olena, Levchenko, Yuriy, Mostovoy, Mykola, Ostrovskyy, Tetyana, Pertseva, Olena, Piura, Nadiya, Rudnytska, Ganna, Stupnytska, Nataliia, Velychko, Oleh, Yakovenko, Lilia Rodriguez Ables, Roger, Abrahams, Jose, Alvarez, Fernando, Arencibia, Chander, Arora, Samir, Arora, Francis, Averill, Kwabena, Ayesu, Stephen, Basheda, Steven, Bauer, Jose, Bautista, Matthew, Beacom, Hernando, Bernal, Subodh, Bhuchar, J'Cinda, Bitters, John, Burk, Elizabeth, Burkett, James, Cain, Robert, Call, Christopher, Chappel, Bartolome, Celli, Tom, Christensen, Jeremy, Cole, Jerome, Daniel, Nguyen, Dang, Enrique, Davis, Samuel, Deleon, Robert, Deluca, Ernesto, Diaz, Anthony, Dimarco, Calvin, Dixon, Ankur, Doshi, Hugh, Durrence, Alain, Eid, John, Elsen, Herbon, Fleming, May, Flores, Scott, Franczek, Gregory, Funk, Stuart, Garay, Bernard, Garcia, Joseph, Graif, Carl, Griffin, Yamirka Duardo Guerra, David, Headley, Mitzie, Hewitt, Susan, Hole, Robert, Holladay, Ira, Horowitz, Yu-Luen, Hsu, Jonathan, Ilowite, Stephen, Jones, Ravindra, Kashyap, Edward, Kerwin, Ahtaram, Khan, Nicole, Kimzey, James, Krainson, Flory, Kreutter, Kannappan, Krishnaswamy, Shahrukh, Kureishy, Albert, Lai, Alex, Lechin, Daria, Lee, Marcus, Lee, Williams, Leeds, Joseph, Lillo, Edward, Lisberg, Lawrence, Madoff, Narendra, Maheskwari, Mujibur, Majumder, Sashi, Makam, Douglas, Mapel, Matthew, Mardiney, Jennifer, Martin, Isaac, Melamed, Elvin, Mendez, Stuart, Millstone, Joseph, Montes, Lee, Morrow, Frank, Murphy, Dany, Obeid, France, Occy, Godson, Oguchi, Juan, Ortiz, Francisco, Padron, Ward, Paine, James, Pearle, Enrique, Pelayo, Vandely, Perez, David, Pham, Carlos, Piniella, Kevin, Pritchett, Padmashri, Rastogi, Stephen, Ryan, Syed, Rehman, Jackson, Rhudy, Eustace, Riley, James, Riser, Clifford, Risk, Emory, Robinette, Christopher, Roney, Gary, Ruoff, David, Russian, Mercedes, Samson, Jay, Sandberg, Jose, Santiago, William, Sargeant, Alan, Schecter, Jeffrey, Scott, Ilia, Segal, Sudhir, Sehgal, Frederic, Seifer, Sudhir, Sekhsaria, Richard, Sellman, Paul, Shapero, Jeffrey, Shea, Lawrence, Sher, John, Sibille, Jawed, Siddiqui, Toniya, Singh, Deren, Sinkowitz, Denise, Smyth, Daniel, Soteres, Daniel, Sousa, Ralph, Steele, Thomas, Stern, Jose, Suarez, Sever, Surdulescu, Ricardo, Tan, Tonny, Tanus, Raymond, Tidman, Aurelio, Torres-Consuegra, Barry, Troyan, John, Updegrove, Sanjay, Vadgama, Armando, Pineda-Velez, Eduardo, Viera, Andrew, Wachtel, Ralph, Wade, Jimin, Wang, Dave, Webster, Paul, Weinberg, Terry, Wells, Jeffrey, White, Bram, Wieskopf, Hugh, Windom, Patrick, Wright, David, Wyatt, Bassam, Yousef, Zahid, Zafar, Chau, Ngo, Huong, Le, Lan, Nguyen, Thanh, Nguyen, Nhung, Nguyen, SALAS, Danielle, Temple University [Philadelphia], Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE), Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS), University of Leicester, University of Barcelona, Università degli Studi di Ferrara = University of Ferrara (UniFE), University of Manchester [Manchester], St. Paul’s Hospital - University of British Columbia [Vancouver, BC, Canada] (SPH-UBC), Philipps Universität Marburg = Philipps University of Marburg, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Oxford, Bispebjerg University Hospital [Copenhagen, Denmark] (BUH), Kishiwada City Hospital [Osaka, Japan] (KCH), Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias [México, Mexico], I-Shou University [Kaohsiung, Taiwan] (ISU), Lund University [Lund], AstraZeneca [Gaithersburg, MD, USA] (AZ), Hypoxie et PhysioPathologie (HP2), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), and Otto Burghuber, Bernhard Forstner, Gerhard Köberl, Bernd Lamprecht, Judith Löffler-Ragg, Horst Olschewski, Michael Studnicka, Francois Beaucage, Guy Chouinard, Anthony Dechant, Anthony Dowell, Jacques Hebert, Sohail Khattak, Kieran Killian, William Killorn, Andy Lam, Francois Maltais, Darcy Marciniuk, Lyle Melenka, Bonavuth Pek, Jeremy Road, Donald Sin, Alain Vaugeois, Brandie Walker, Tomas Dvorak, Stanislav Holub, Otakar Hokynar, Vitezslav Kolek, Daniela Kopecka, Jan Krepelka, Jaroslav Mares, Josef Veverka, Vladimir Zindr, Sabine Ballenberger, Rolf Dichmann, Christian Geßner, Margret Jandl, Claus Keller, Joachim Kirschner, Marc Kornmann, Petra Mikloweit, Ingomar Naudts, Axel Overlack, Isabelle Schenkenberger, Volker Schlegel, Lutz Von Versen, Claus Franz Vogelmeier, Stefan Zielen, István Albert, Beatrix Bálint, Mária Csilla Hangonyi, Teréz Kecskés, Anikó Kurucz, Balázs Medgyasszay, Lajos Molnár, János Mucsi, Márta Papp, Magdolna Póczi, Éva Radeczky, Zsolt Pápai Székely, Csilla Szabó, Gyöngyi Szabó, Melinda Szabó, Alfredo Antonio Chetta, Giuseppe Di Maria, Giulio Donazzan, Federica Meloni, Elisabetta Pace, Pierluigi Paggiaro, Alberto Papi, Fabio Luigi, Massimo Ricciardolo, Antonio Spanevello, Fumiaki Aoki, Ryosuke Eda, Takeo Endo, Yasushi Fukushima, Kenichi Gemba, Naoki Hagimoto, Hiromasa Harada, Yasuko Harada, Norihiko Hata, Osamu Hataji, Nobuo Hatakeyama, Takahiko Horiguchi, Gen Ideura, Motoyasu Iikura, Azusa Ikegami, Shirou Imokawa, Yoshikazu Inoue, Takeshi Isobe, Ryoji Ito, Susumu Iwata, Tadashi Kamei, Motokazu Kato, Hideki Katsura, Yuji Kawarada, Norio Kihara, Masaharu Kinoshita, Takashi Kinoshita, Tomoo Kishaba, Hideo Kita, Arihiro Kiyosue, Shigeru Komatsu, Kazuki Konishi, Sekiya Koyama, Makoto Kudo, Kazuhiko Machida, Hironi Makita, Hiroto Matsuse, Naoki Miyazawa, Hiroyuki Nakamura, Yuji Nakatani, Kazuyuki Nishimura, Takashi Nishimura, Junichi Ogawa, Hiroyuki Ohbayashi, Tetsuro Ohdaira, Tsukasa Ohnishi, Kazuhiko Oki, Masahiko Saito, Kenji Sakamoto, Osamu Sakamoto, Hisakuni Sekino, Noriharu Shijubo, Masaharu Shinkai, Hideo Soto, Yoshitaka Sugawara, Noriaki Suko, Hisaho Takahashi, Masamitsu Takahashi, Tsuneyuki Takahashi, Hiroshi Tanaka, Hiroyuki Taniguchi, Tadayuki Terada, Takao Tochigi, Kazuyo Tohyama, Hirokazu Tokuyasu, Keisuke Tomii, Tomomasa Tsuboi, Mitsuyoshi Utsugi, Katsumaru Yamamoto, Michiko Yamamoto, Shuichi Yano, Makoto Yoshida, Frank Custers, Richard Dekhuijzen, Remco Djamin, Jan Willem Van Dan Berg, Lowie Vanfleteren, Pascal Wielders, Bogusława Cimoszko, Anna Doboszyńska, Andrzej Dyczek, Andrzej Fal, Krystyna Folcik, Łukasz Goliński, Marek Jutel, Andrzej Kolczyński, Piotr Kuna, Ewa Łączyńska, Wojciech Machowiak, Maciej Marczak, Joanna Markiewicz, Janusz Milanowski, Grzegorz Mincewicz, Maria Nittner-Marszalska, Wojciech Papiewski, Małgorzata Pawlukiewicz, Witold Pomiećko, Barbara Rewerska, Cezary Rybacki, Wojciech Skucha, Ewa Trębas-Pietraś, Ewa Uhryn, Małgorzata Żurowska-Gębala, Laurentia Andrei, Traian Mihaescu, Stefan Mihaicuta, Eniko Vera Pall, Ioan Petrui, Angelica Savu, Claudia Toma, Ana Trailescu, Vladimir Abrosimov, Nataliya Astafyeva, Evgenyi Bazdyrev, Nadezhda Berdnikova, Laura Bolieva, Ekaterina Bukreeva, Valery Chistyakov, Anna Galustyan, Halida Gantseva, Svetlana Goncharova, Sergey Grigoriev, Galina Ignatova, Inna Ilyashevich, Nadezhda Izmozherova, Magomed Kamalov, Yaroslava Khovaeva, Natalia Kuzubova, Lyudmila Kvitkova, Liudmila Lenskaya, Igor Leshchenko, Olga Magnitskaya, Boris Molotilov, Artem Molotkov, Svetlana Myasoedova, Sergey Nedogoda, Vladimir Nosov, Marina Osipenko, Andrey Peskov, Veronika Popova, Oksana Ratushnay, Irina Ryzhova, Olga Shangina, Natalia Shaporova, Evgeny Shmelev, Lybov Shpagina, Alexander Shutkin, Yuri Shvarts, Mikhail Smirnov, Irina Stitsenko, Maksim Vasilev, Arkadiy Vertkin, Elena Vishneva, Alexander Vizel, Anna Zateyschikova, Mohamed Abdool-Gaffar, Ismail Abdullah, Axel Bruning, Nyda Fourie, Michael Greenblatt, Mohammed Tayob, K Venter, An Soo Jang, Kwan Ho Lee, Sang Haak Lee, Sook Young Lee, Suk Joong Yong, Kwang Ha Yoo, Soo Taek Uh, Ramón Agüero Balbín, David Ramos Barbón, Álvar Agustí García-Navarro, José Luis Velasco Garrido, Sergi Pascual Guardia, Eduard Monso Molas, Luis De Teresa Parreño, Borja García-Cosio Piqueras, German Peces-Barba Romero, Myriam Calle Rubio, Fernando Sánchez-Toril López, Alicia Marín Tapia, Heidi Martin Braschler, Martin Brutsche, Michael Grob, Jörg Leuppi, Daiana Stolz, Alexander Turk, Nawar Bakerley, Mona Bafadhel, Christopher Brightling, Rekha Chaudhuri, Gourab Choudhury, Graham Devereux, Imran Hussain, Kai Lee, William MacNee, Ravindran Mahadeva, Matthew Masoli, Monica Nordstrom, Manish Patel, Allan Reid, Dinesh Saralaya, Tariq Sethi, Sukh Dave Singh, Anthony G de Soyza, Tom Wilkinson, Alice Turner, Helen Ward, Chandar Abboy, Ivan Ackerman, Idalia Acosta, Arun Adlakha, Bassil Aish, Mohamed Ali, Charles Andrews, Robby Ayoub, Anil Badhwar, Dennis Bassetti, Sherif El Bayadi, Richard Beasley, Shashi Bellam, Jonathan Bernstein, Maria Blahey, Scott Bloom, Eugene Bleecker, Wesley Bray, Johnathan Brewer, Robert Buynak, William Calhoun, Edward Campbell, Anthony Captain, Birjis Chinoy, Kenneth Chinsky, Geoffrey Chupp, Arsenio Columbie, Clinton Corder, Gerard Criner, Humberto Cruz, Edward Cullen, Kevin Deboer, Michael Denenberg, Mark Dransfield, Leonard Dunn, Miles Elmore, David Erb, Faisal Fakih, Gary Ferguson, Charles Fogarty, Mark Freed, Stephen Fritz, David Fuentes, Shariar Cohen-Gadol, Robert Garver, John Given, Luis Ramos Gonez, Raul Ebran Gonzalez, Robert Gordon, Gregory Gottschlich, Donald Graham, David Grant, Gary Greenwald, James Greenwald, Kenneth Haft, Gregory Hammond, Nadia Hansel, Jeffrey Harris, Humberto Hernandez, Marvin Heuer, Albrecht Heyder, David Hill, Willis Holloway, Octavian Ioachimescu, Richard Jackson, Ajay Jain, Nan Jiang, Thomas Kaelin, Adolfo Kaplan, Mitchell Kaye, Akram Khan, Yekaterina Khronusova, Ryan Klein, Joel Kline, Firas Koura, Ritsu Kuno, Ware Kuschner, Jean Claude Labissiere, David Laman Jr, John Lee, Mitchell Lee, Lawrence Levinson, Njira Lugogo, M Mador, Nathaniel Marchetti, Rafael Martinez, Richard Martinez, Peter Mattar, David Maybee, Dennis McGraw, Michael McGuire, Curtis Mello, Aaron Milstone, John Mitchell, Wendy Moore, Timothy Moriarty, Cheta Nand, Brooke Nevins, Ikeadi Ndukwu, Rachel Nisbet, David Nyanjom, Maria Nualart, Thomas O'Brien, Mikhail Palatnik, Gnyandev Patel, Amit Patel, Guido Perez, Christopher Perry, Michael Pfeffer, Krishna Pudi, Marina Raikhel, Murali Ramaswamy, Joe Ramsdell, Donato Ricci, Gary Richmond, Eugene Ryan, Fadi Saba, Boris Sagalovich, C Andrew Schroeder, Timothy Scialla, Frank Sciurba, Amit Shah, Nirav Shah, Zeeshan Shaikh, Akhtar Siddiqui, Barry Sigal, Thomas Siler, Howard Silverboard, William Sims, Clyde Southwell, Selwyn Spangenthal, Peruvemba Sriram, James Stocks, Tony Su, John Suen, Robert Sussman, Horia Tatu, Antonio Terrelonge, Alan Thomas, Mario Torres, Rodolfo Trejo, Miguel Trevino, Banks Turner, Manuel Villareal, Janine Vintch, Neal Warshoff, Jan Westerman, Philip Wexler, Thomas Yunger, Amir Zeki, Mariano Fernandez Acquier, Norma Aramayo, German Arce, Juan Belloni, Víctor Cambursano, Carlos De La Vega, Fernando Rodriguez Chariarse, Pedro Elias, Marcelo Fernández, Ana Lopez, Andrea Medina, María Otaola, Maria Salazan Saez, Maria De Salvo, Fernando Scherbovsky, Ana Stok, Jorge Taborda, Alberto Tolcachier, Fernando Verra, Carlos Victorio, Rita Gisela Delgado Vizcarra, Philip Bardin, Peter Bremner, Martin Phillips, John Upham, Peter Wark, Antoine Bolly, Alain Delobbe, Peter Driesen, Eduard Janssens, Wim Janssens, Olivier Michel, Bernard Vandooren, Martti Antila, Jussara Fiterman, Carlos Fritscher, Jorge Hetzel, Jose Jardim, Waldo De Mattos, Rafael Martins, Maria Eunice De Oliveira, Andreia Pez, Maria Sales, Rafael Stelmach, Priscila Wolff, Svetla Andreeva, Reneta Antonova, Ana Dancheva, Yuliya Ivanova, Slavcho Ivanov, Hristo Metev, Iveta Naydenova, Tatyana Petkova, Galina Petrova, Kostadinka Sotirova, Mariyana Stoyanova, Rumen Tiholov, Iliyana Valkanova, Oleg Yakov, Rosa Feijoo, Juana Pavie, Patricia Schönffeldt, Absalon Silva, Victor Martinez, David Espinosa, Alejandro Londono, Dora Molina, Gonzalo Prada, Andrés Rico, Gregorio Sanchez Vallejo, Alvaro Urbina, Ana Vanegas, Maria Villegas, Josip Aralica, Gordana Stjepanovic, Vibeke Backer, Uffe Bødtger, Christian Meyer, Læge Sven Nielsen, Anders Loekke Ottesen, Ingrid Titlestad, Nathalie Bautin, Arnaud Bourdin, Pascal Chanez, Francis Couturaud, Antoine Cuvelier, Gilles Devouassoux, Pierre-Olivier Girodet, Jean-François Muir, Jean-Louis Pépin, Alain Proust, Azzedine Yaici, Yochai Adir, Gershon Fink, Zvi Fridlender, Gabriel Izbicki, Mordechai Kramer, Yehuda Schwartz, Juan Moreno Hoyos Abril, Ricardo Campos Cerda, Efraín Montaño Gonzalez, Ricardo Ramirez Terrones, Rodolfo Posadas Valay, Alejandra Ramirez-Venegas, Paul Dawkins, Syed Hussain, Benedict Brockway, John Richmond, Colin Helm, Catherina Chang, Jørn Ahlqvist, Terje Tollåli, Tadeusz Tomala, Socorro Castro, William Chavez, Octavio Cubas, Rolando Estrella, Efrain Felix, Ronal Gamarra, Alfredo Guerreros, Alberto Matsuno, Danilo Salazar, Miguel Tsukayama, Albert Albay Jr, Teresita Aquino, Tito Atienza, Joven Roque Gonong, Ronnie Samoro, Joel Santiaguel, Beata Asankowicz-Bargiel, Ewa Pisarczyk-Bogacka, Renata Bijata-Bronisz, Marta Chełmińska, Małgorzata Dobryniewska, Anna Olech-Cudzik, Tomasz Fijołek, Krzysztof Filipek, Agata Kot, Bożena Kucińska, Krzysztof Lis, Elżbieta Rybicka-Liszewska, Marzenna Tarnowska-Matusiak, Robert Mróz, Piotr Napora, Wojciech Naumnik, Artur Niemiec, Władysław Pierzchała, Grzegorz Przybylski, Katarzyna Styka, Danuta Wrońska, Branislava Milenkovic, Dobrivoje Novkovic, Matijaz Flezar, Niksa Segota, Snezana Ulcar Kostic, Albert Klobucar, Leif Bjermer, Dan Curiac, Christer Janson, Pekka Koskinen, Bo Lundback, Åke Olsson, Shih-Lung Cheng, Ming-Lin Ho, Jeng-Yuan Hsu, Wu-Huei Hsu, Ping-Hung Kuo, Chin-Chou Wang, Yu-Feng Wei, Kuang-Yao Yang, Watchara Boonsawat, Somchai Chantarothorn, Warangkana Keeratichananont, Kittipong Maneechotesuwan, Kanok Pipatvech, Piamlarp Sangsayunh, Sibel Arinc, Sermin Borekci, Arzu Kaner Erturk, Filiz Kosar, Hakan Gunen, Ismail Hanta, Pinar Akin Kabalak, Tunc Alp Demir, Sibel Nayci, Serir Aktogu Ozkan, Abdullah Sayiner, Esra Uzaslan, Viktor Blazhko, Volodymyr Gavrysyuk, Olena Golub, Liudmyla Iashyna, Tetiana Ilashchuk, Volodymyr Koshlia, Olena Krakhmalova, Vitali Kryvenko, Lesia Kuryk, Olena Levchenko, Yuriy Mostovoy, Mykola Ostrovskyy, Tetyana Pertseva, Olena Piura, Nadiya Rudnytska, Ganna Stupnytska, Nataliia Velychko, Oleh Yakovenko, Lilia Rodriguez Ables, Roger Abrahams, Bassil Aish, Jose Alvarez, Fernando Arencibia, Chander Arora, Samir Arora, Francis Averill, Kwabena Ayesu, Stephen Basheda, Steven Bauer, Jose Bautista, Matthew Beacom, Richard Beasley, Hernando Bernal, Subodh Bhuchar, J'Cinda Bitters, John Burk, Elizabeth Burkett, James Cain, Robert Call, Christopher Chappel, Bartolome Celli, Tom Christensen, Jeremy Cole, Jerome Daniel, Nguyen Dang, Enrique Davis, Samuel Deleon, Robert DeLuca, Ernesto Diaz, Anthony DiMarco, Calvin Dixon, Ankur Doshi, Hugh Durrence, Alain Eid, John Elsen, Herbon Fleming, May Flores, Charles Fogarty, Scott Franczek, Stephen Fritz, Gregory Funk, Stuart Garay, Bernard Garcia, Luis Ramos Gonez, Gregory Gottschlich, Joseph Graif, Carl Griffin, Yamirka Duardo Guerra, David Headley, Mitzie Hewitt, Susan Hole, Robert Holladay, Ira Horowitz, Yu-Luen Hsu, Jonathan Ilowite, Stephen Jones, Ravindra Kashyap, Edward Kerwin, Ahtaram Khan, Nicole Kimzey, James Krainson, Flory Kreutter, Kannappan Krishnaswamy, Shahrukh Kureishy, Albert Lai, Alex Lechin, Daria Lee, Marcus Lee, Williams Leeds, Joseph Lillo, Edward Lisberg, Lawrence Madoff, Narendra Maheskwari, Mujibur Majumder, Sashi Makam, Douglas Mapel, Matthew Mardiney, Jennifer Martin, David Maybee, Isaac Melamed, Elvin Mendez, Stuart Millstone, Joseph Montes, Lee Morrow, Frank Murphy, Dany Obeid, France Occy, Godson Oguchi, Juan Ortiz, Francisco Padron, Ward Paine, James Pearle, Enrique Pelayo, Vandely Perez, David Pham, Carlos Piniella, Kevin Pritchett, Padmashri Rastogi, Stephen Ryan, Syed Rehman, Jackson Rhudy, Eustace Riley, James Riser, Clifford Risk, Emory Robinette, Christopher Roney, Gary Ruoff, David Russian, Mercedes Samson, Jay Sandberg, Jose Santiago, William Sargeant, Alan Schecter, Frank Sciurba, Jeffrey Scott, Ilia Segal, Sudhir Sehgal, Frederic Seifer, Sudhir Sekhsaria, Richard Sellman, Paul Shapero, Jeffrey Shea, Lawrence Sher, John Sibille, Jawed Siddiqui, William Sims, Toniya Singh, Deren Sinkowitz, Denise Smyth, Daniel Soteres, Daniel Sousa, Ralph Steele, Thomas Stern, Jose Suarez, Sever Surdulescu, Ricardo Tan, Tonny Tanus, Raymond Tidman, Aurelio Torres-Consuegra, Barry Troyan, John Updegrove, Sanjay Vadgama, Armando Pineda-Velez, Eduardo Viera, Andrew Wachtel, Ralph Wade, Jimin Wang, Dave Webster, Paul Weinberg, Terry Wells, Jeffrey White, Bram Wieskopf, Hugh Windom, Patrick Wright, David Wyatt, Bassam Yousef, Zahid Zafar, Chau Ngo, Huong Le, Lan Nguyen, Thanh Nguyen, Nhung Nguyen

Subjects
Male, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Anti-asthmatic Agent, law.invention, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive, Leukocyte Count, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Randomized controlled trial, law, Monoclonal, Receptors, Medicine, Anti-Asthmatic Agents, 030212 general & internal medicine, Humanized, COPD Exacerbations, benralizumab, clinical trials, COPD, Subcutaneous, General Medicine, Middle Aged, anti–IL-5Rα, Benralizumab, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/drug therapy, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Female, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/administration & dosage, Chronic Obstructive, Benralizumab COPD exacerbations, Injections, Subcutaneous, Socio-culturale, Aged, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized, Double-Blind Method, Eosinophils, Humans, Patient Acuity, Receptors, Interleukin-5, Antibodies, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Injections, Pulmonary Disease, 03 medical and health sciences, Phase III, Anti-Asthmatic Agents/administration & dosage, In patient, business.industry, Eosinophils/metabolism, medicine.disease, Clinical trial, Receptors, Interleukin-5/antagonists & inhibitors, chemistry, Multicenter study, randomized controlled trial, Immunology, Interleukin-5, business
Abstract

BACKGROUND: The efficacy and safety of benralizumab, an interleukin-5 receptor alpha-directed cytolytic monoclonal antibody, for the prevention of exacerbations in patients with moderate to very severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are not known.METHODS: In the GALATHEA and TERRANOVA trials, we enrolled patients with COPD (at a ratio of approximately 2:1 on the basis of eosinophil count [≥220 per cubic millimeter vs. RESULTS: In GALATHEA, the estimates of the annualized exacerbation rate were 1.19 per year (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04 to 1.36) in the 30-mg benralizumab group, 1.03 per year (95% CI, 0.90 to 1.19) in the 100-mg benralizumab group, and 1.24 per year (95% CI, 1.08 to 1.42) in the placebo group; the rate ratio as compared with placebo was 0.96 for 30 mg of benralizumab (P = 0.65) and 0.83 for 100 mg of benralizumab (P = 0.05). In TERRANOVA, the estimates of the annualized exacerbation rate for 10 mg, 30 mg, and 100 mg of benralizumab and for placebo were 0.99 per year (95% CI, 0.87 to 1.13), 1.21 per year (95% CI, 1.08 to 1.37), 1.09 per year (95% CI, 0.96 to 1.23), and 1.17 per year (95% CI, 1.04 to 1.32), respectively; the corresponding rate ratios were 0.85 (P = 0.06), 1.04 (P = 0.66), and 0.93 (P = 0.40). At 56 weeks, none of the annualized COPD exacerbation rate ratios for any dose of benralizumab as compared with placebo reached significance in either trial. Types and frequencies of adverse events were similar with benralizumab and placebo.CONCLUSIONS: Add-on benralizumab was not associated with a lower annualized rate of COPD exacerbations than placebo among patients with moderate to very severe COPD, a history of frequent moderate or severe exacerbations, and blood eosinophil counts of 220 per cubic millimeter or greater (Funded by AstraZeneca [GALATHEA and TERRANOVA] and Kyowa Hakko Kirin [GALATHEA]; GALATHEA and TERRANOVA ClinicalTrials.gov numbers, NCT02138916 and NCT02155660.).

Published
2019
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3. Anticoagulation therapy patterns for acute treatment of venous thromboembolism in GARFIELD-VTE patients

Author

Sylvia Haas, Walter Ageno, Jeffrey I. Weitz, Samuel Z. Goldhaber, Alexander G.G. Turpie, Shinya Goto, Pantep Angchaisuksiri, Joern Dalsgaard Nielsen, Gloria Kayani, Audrey Zaghdoun, Alfredo E. Farjat, Sebastian Schellong, Henri Bounameaux, Lorenzo G. Mantovani, Paolo Prandoni, Ajay K. Kakkar, Ab Loualidi, Abdurrahim Colak, Abraham Bezuidenhout, Abu Abdool‐Carrim, Addala Azeddine, Adriaan Beyers, Adriaan Dees, Ahmed Mohamed, Ahmet Aksoy, Akihiko Abiko, Akinori Watanabe, Alan Krichell, Alberto Alfredo Fernandez, Alberto Tosetto, Alexey Khotuntsov, Alisha Oropallo, Alison Slocombe, Allan Kelly, Amanda Clark, Amr Gad, Amy Arouni, Andor Schmidt, Andrea Berni, Andres Javier Kleiban, Andrew Machowski, Andrey Kazakov, Angel Galvez, Ann Lockman, Anna Falanga, Anoop Chauhan, Antoni Riera‐Mestre, Antonino Mazzone, Armando D'Angelo, Artur Herdy, Atsushi Kato, Ayman Abd Elhamid Ebrahim, Mahmoud Salem, Azlan Husin, Barbara Erdelyi, Barry Jacobson, Beatrice Amann‐Vesti, Bektas Battaloglu, Benedicte Wilson, Benilde Cosmi, Bergmann Jean Francois, Berremeli Toufek, Beverley Hunt, Bhavesh Natha, Bisher Mustafa, Bonnie Chi Shan Kho, Boulon Carine, Brian Zidel, Brisot Dominique, Brousse Christophe, Bruno Trimarco, Canhua Luo, Carlos Alberto Cuneo, Carlos Jerjes Sanchez Diaz, Carsten Schwencke, Cas Cader, Celal Yavuz, Cesar Javier Zaidman, Charles Lunn, Chau‐Chung Wu, Cheng Hock Toh, Chern‐En Chiang, Chevrier Elisa, Chien‐Hsun Hsia, Chien‐Lung Huang, Chi‐Hang Kevin Kwok, Chih‐Cheng Wu, Chi‐Hung Huang, Chris Ward, Christian Opitz, Christina Jeanneret‐Gris, Chung Yin Ha, Chun‐Yao Huang, Claude Luyeye Bidi, Clifford Smith, Cornelia Brauer, Corrado Lodigiani, Couturaud Francis, Cynthia Wu, Daniel Staub, Daniel Theodoro, Daniela Poli, Riesco Acevedo, David Adler, David Jimenez, David Keeling, David Scott, Davide Imberti, Desmond Creagh, Desmurs‐Clavel Helene, Dirk Hagemann, Dirk Le Roux, Dirk Skowasch, Dmitry Belenky, Dmitry Dorokhov, Dmitry Petrov, Dmitry Zateyshchikov, Domenico Prisco, Dorthe Møller, Dusan Kucera, Ehab M. Esheiba, Elizaveta Panchenko, Elkouri Dominique, Emre Dogan, Emre Kubat, Enrique Diaz Diaz, Eric Wai Choi Tse, Erik Yeo, Erman Hashas, Ernst Grochenig, Eros Tiraferri, Erwin Blessing, Escande Orthlieb Michèle, Esther Usandizaga, Ettore Porreca, Fabian Ferroni, Falvo Nicolas, Félix Ayala‐Paredes, Firas Koura, Fitjerald Henry, Franco Cosmi, Frans Erdkamp, Gadel Kamalov, Garcia‐Bragado Dalmau, Garrigues Damien, Garry Klein, Gaurand Shah, Geert Hollanders, Geno Merli, Georg Plassmann, George Platt, Germain Poirier, German Sokurenko, Ghassan Haddad, Gholam Ali, Giancarlo Agnelli, Gin Gin Gan, Grace Kaye‐Eddie, Gregoire Le Gal, Gregory Allen, Guillermo Antonio Llamas Esperón, Guillot Jean‐Paul, Hagen Gerofke, Hallah Elali, Hana Burianova, Hans‐Juergen Ohler, Haofu Wang, Harald Darius, Harinder S. Gogia, Harry Striekwold, Harry Gibbs, Hatice Hasanoglu, Hatice Turker, Hendrik Franow, Herbert De Raedt, Herman Schroe, Hesham Salah ElDin, Hesham Zidan, Hiroaki Nakamura, Ho Young Kim, Holger Lawall, Hong Zhu, Hongyan Tian, Ho‐Young Yhim, Hugo ten Cate, Hun Gyu Hwang, Hyeok Shim, Igor Kim, Igor Libov, Igor Sonkin, Igor Suchkov, Ik‐Chan Song, Ilker Kiris, Ilya Staroverov, Irene Looi, Isabel M De La Azuela Tenorio, Ismail Savas, Ivan Gordeev, Ivo Podpera, Jae Hoon Lee, Jameela Sathar, James Welker, Jan Beyer‐Westendorf, Jan Kvasnicka, Jan Vanwelden, JangYong Kim, Jaromira Svobodova, Jaspal Gujral, Javier Marino, Javier Tristan Galvar, Jeannine Kassis, Jen‐Yuan Kuo, Jhih‐Yuan Shih, JiHyun Kwon, Jin Hyun Joh, Jin Hyun Park, Jin Seok Kim, Jinghua Yang, Jiri Krupicka, Jiri Lastuvka, Jiri Pumprla, Jiri Vesely, Joan Carlos Souto, João Antônio Correa, Johan Duchateau, John Perry Fletcher, Jorge del Toro, Jorge Guillermo Chavez Paez, Jose Dalmo Araujo Filho, Jose Saraiva, Jose Antonio Diaz Peromingo, Jose Gomez Lara, Jose Luis Fedele, Jose Maria Surinach, Joseph Chacko, Juan Antonio Muntaner, Juan Carlos Álvarez Benitez, Juan Moreno Hoyos Abril, Julian Humphrey, Julio Bono, Junji Kanda, Juree Boondumrongsagoon, Kai Hang Yiu, Kanchana Chansung, Karin Boomars, Kate Burbury, Katsuhiro Kondo, Kemal Karaarslan, Kensuke Takeuchi, Knut Kroeger, Konstantin Zrazhevskiy, Koscál Svatopluk, Kou‐Gi Shyu, Kristel Vandenbosch, Kuan‐Cheng Chang, Kuan‐Ming Chiu, Kubina Jean‐Manuel, Kwan Jing Wern, Kwo‐Chang Ueng, Lalita Norasetthada, Laure Binet, Lee Ping Chew, Lei Zhang, Leone Maria Cristina, Lidwine Tick, Lilia Beatriz Schiavi, Lily Lee Lee Wong, Lohana Borges, Louis Botha, Luc Capiau, Luc Timmermans, Luciano Eduardo López, Luigi Ria, Luis Manuel Hernandez Blasco, Luis Alberto Guzman, Luis Flota Cervera, Mahe Isabelle, Manuel Monreal Bosch, Manuel de los Rios Ibarra, Manuel Núñez Fernandez, Marc Carrier, Marcelo Raul Barrionuevo, Marco Antonio Alcocer Gamba, Marco Cattaneo, Marco Moia, Margaret Bowers, Mariam Chetanachan, Mario Alberto Berli, Mark Fixley, Markus Faghih, Markus Stuecker, Marlin Schul, Martin Banyai, Martin Koretzky, Martin Myriam, Mary Elizabeth Gaffney, Masao Hirano, Masashi Kanemoto, Mashio Nakamura, Mersel Tahar, Messas Emmanuel, Michael Kovacs, Michael Leahy, Michael Levy, Michael Munch, Michael Olsen, Michel De Pauw, Michel Gustin, Michiel Van Betsbrugge, Mikhail Boyarkin, Miroslav Homza, Modise Koto, Mohamed Abdool‐Gaffar, Mohamed Ayman Fakhry Nagib, Mohamed El‐Dessoki, Mohamed Khan, Monniaty Mohamed, Moo Hyun Kim, Moon‐Hee Lee, Mosaad Soliman, Mostafa Shawky Ahmed, Mostafa Soliman Abd el Bary, Moustafa A. Moustafa, Muhammad Hameed, Muhip Kanko, Mujibur Majumder, Nadezhda Zubareva, Nicola Mumoli, Nik Azim Nik Abdullah, Nisa Makruasi, Nishen Paruk, Nonglak Kanitsap, Norberto Duda, Nordiana Nordin, Ole Nyvad, Olga Barbarash, Orcun Gurbuz, Oscar Gomez Vilamajo, Oscar Nandayapa Flores, Ozcan Gur, Oztekin Oto, Pablo Javier Marchena, Patrick Carroll, Pavel Lang, Peter MacCallum, Peter Baron von Bilderling, Peter Blombery, Peter Verhamme, Petr Jansky, Peuch Bernadette, Philippe De Vleeschauwer, Philippe Hainaut, Piera Maria Ferrini, Piriyaporn Iamsai, Ponchaux Christian, Pongtep Viboonjuntra, Ponlapat Rojnuckarin, Prahlad Ho, Pramook Mutirangura, Rachel Wells, Rafael Martinez, Raimundo Tirado Miranda, Ralf Kroening, Rapule Ratsela, Raquel Lopez Reyes, Raul Franco Diaz de Leon, Raymond Siu Ming Wong, Raz Alikhan, Reinhold Jerwan‐Keim, Remedios Otero, Renate Murena‐Schmidt, Reto Canevascini, Richard Ferkl, Richard White, Rika Van Herreweghe, Rita Santoro, Robert Klamroth, Robert Mendes, Robert Prosecky, Roberto Cappelli, Rudolf Spacek, Rupesh Singh, Sam Griffin, Sang Hoon Na, Sanjeev Chunilal, Saskia Middeldorp, Satoshi Nakazawa, See Guan Toh, Seinturier Christophe, Selim Isbir, Selma Raymundo, Seng Kiat Ting, Serge Motte, Serir Ozkan Aktogu, Servaas Donders, Seung Ick Cha, Seung‐Hyun Nam, Sevestre‐Pietri Marie‐Antoinette, Shaun Maasdorp, Shenghua Sun, Shenming Wang, Sherif Mohamed Essameldin, Sherif Mohamed Sholkamy, Shintaro Kuki, Shuichi Yoshida, Shunzo Matsuoka, Simon McRae, Simon Watt, Siriwimon Patanasing, Siwe‐Nana Jean‐Léopold, Somchai Wongkhantee, Soo‐Mee Bang, Sophie Testa, Stanislav Zemek, Steffen Behrens, Stephan Dominique, Stuart Mellor, Suaran Singh Gurcharan Singh, Sudip Datta, Sunee Chayangsu, Susan Solymoss, Tamara Everington, Tarek Ahmed Adel Abdel‐Azim, Tawatchai Suwanban, Taylan Adademir, Terence Hart, Terriat Béatrice, Thifhelimbilu Luvhengo, Thomas Horacek, Thomas Zeller, Tim Boussy, Tim Reynolds, Tina Biss, Ting‐Hsing Chao, Tomas Smith Casabella, Tomoya Onodera, Tontanai Numbenjapon, Victor Gerdes, Vladimir Cech, Vladimir Krasavin, Vladimir Tolstikhin, W.A. Bax, Wagih Fawzy Abdel Malek, Wai Khoon Ho, Walter Pharr, Weihong Jiang, Wei‐Hsiang Lin, Weihua Zhang, Wei‐Kung Tseng, Wen‐Ter Lai, Wilfried De Backer, Wilhelm Haverkamp, Winston Yoshida, Wolfgang Korte, Won II Choi, Yang‐Ki Kim, Yasuhiro Tanabe, Yasushi Ohnuma, Yeung‐Chul Mun, Yohan Balthazar, Yong Park, Yoshisato Shibata, Yuriy Burov, Yuriy Subbotin, Zdenek Coufal, Zhenwen Yang, Zhicheng Jing, Zhongqi Yang, Haas, S, Ageno, W, Weitz, J, Goldhaber, S, Turpie, A, Goto, S, Angchaisuksiri, P, Dalsgaard Nielsen, J, Kayani, G, Zaghdoun, A, Farjat, A, Schellong, S, Bounameaux, H, Mantovani, L, Prandoni, P, and Kakkar, A

Subjects
Male, pulmonary embolism, Time Factors, Deep vein, direct oral anticoagulant, Practice Patterns, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, heparin, Direct oral anticoagulants, 0302 clinical medicine, Pregnancy, Deep vein thrombosis, 80 and over, Registries, Practice Patterns, Physicians', ddc:616, Aged, 80 and over, Venous Thrombosis, Anticoagulant, Hematology, Heparin, Middle Aged, Thrombosis, Pulmonary embolism, medicine.anatomical_structure, Treatment Outcome, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Female, Guideline Adherence, medicine.drug, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.drug_class, venous thromboembolism, direct oral anticoagulants, deep vein thrombosis, Aged, Anticoagulants, Blood Coagulation, Drug Utilization, Healthcare Disparities, Humans, Pulmonary Embolism, Venous Thromboembolism, 03 medical and health sciences, Thromboembolism, Internal medicine, medicine, In patient, cardiovascular diseases, Rivaroxaban, Physicians', business.industry, deep vein thrombosi, deep vein thrombosis, direct oral anticoagulants, heparin, pulmonary embolism, venous thromboembolism, equipment and supplies, Venous, medicine.disease, business, Venous thromboembolism
Abstract

Background Parenteral anticoagulants and vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) have constituted the cornerstone of venous thromboembolism (VTE) treatment. Meanwhile, direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) provide physicians with an alternative. The Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD (GARFIELD)-VTE observes real-world treatment practices. Objectives Describe initial anticoagulation (AC) treatment patterns in VTE patients who received parenteral AC, VKAs, and/or DOACs within ±30 days of diagnosis. Methods VTE patients were categorized into parenteral AC only, parenteral AC with transition to VKA, VKA only, parenteral AC with transition to DOAC, and DOAC only. Results A total of 9647 patients were initiated on AC treatment alone. 4781 (49.6%) patients received DOACs ± parenteral ACs; 3187 (33.0%), VKA ± parenteral ACs; and 1679 (17.4%) parenteral ACs alone. Rivaroxaban was the most frequently used DOAC (79.4%). DOACs were more frequently used in North America/Australia (58.1%), Europe (52.2%), and Asia (47.6%) than in Latin America (29.7%) and the Middle East/South Africa (32.5%). In patients with suspected VTE, most received parenteral AC monotherapy (67.7%). Patients with deep vein thrombosis were more likely to receive DOACs alone than those with pulmonary embolism with or without deep vein thrombosis (36.2% vs 25.9%). Active cancer patients received parenteral AC alone (58.9%), with 25.5% receiving DOAC ± parenteral AC and 12.8% parenteral AC and VKA. A total of 46.5% of pregnant patients received parenteral AC monotherapy, 34.0% were treated with VKA ± parenteral AC, and 19.5% received a DOAC (± parenteral AC). Conclusion AC treatment patterns vary by patient population, geographic region and site of VTE. Guidelines for AC therapy are not always adhered to.

Published
2019

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