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Background: The retzius-sparing approach for robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) has been increasingly adopted. Symptomatic lymphoceles are a widespread complication of RARP with pelvic lymph node dissection. Here, we present a new technique, the peritoneal purse-string suture (PPSS), that seems to reduce the rate of symptomatic lymphoceles following retzius-sparing RARP with extended pelvic lymph node dissection (ePLND). Methods: The radical prostatectomy and bilateral lymphadenectomy are performed through three separate peritoneal openings. The PPSS uses a single suture in a way similar to a purse-string suture; the openings of both lymphadenectomy fields are widened, and the rectovesical opening from the prostatectomy is simultaneously closed. This report retrospectively evaluates the perioperative and postoperative outcomes of two consecutive patient cohorts undergoing RARP with ePLND by a single surgeon between May 2015 and June 2019, one cohort prior to introducing PPSS as control (n = 145) and the other after introducing PPSS (n = 91). Results: The two study groups were comparable on baseline characteristics, except ASA. There were no Clavien–Dindo grade IV-V complications, and comparable rates of grade I-III complications. The difference in postoperative lymphocele formation was 22% in PPSS versus 27% in the control group (p = 0.33). The rate of symptomatic lymphoceles was significantly lower in the PPSS group (3% vs. 10%, p = 0.047). Conclusion: The PPSS is a feasible procedure that reduces symptomatic lymphoceles in patients undergoing RARP with a retzius-sparing approach.

Renewable energy sources are the best solution to reduce dependence on conventional and nonrenewable sources that also cause environmental pollution. With the increase in the prices of conventional fuels globally, the increase of gas emissions resulting from its use, and the impact on the environment and the global climate; various renewable energy sources have emerged as an alternative to traditional sources of energy. Ssolar energy is one of the most important renewable energy sources used globally; The technology used is relatively simple and uncomplicated, compared to the technology used in other renewable energy sources. Solar energy is the ideal alternative to conventional energy in the Gaza Strip in Palestine, due to the relatively high solar radiation in the region, which makes its application more practical and economical compared to other parts of the world. Palestine has higher rates of total solar absorption, ranging from 4-8 kWh / m2 per day, which is high compared to other countries. This paper offers a solution to the Gaza Strip, which has suffered from a severe power shortage due to the Israeli blockade, by using solar PV as a backup system and a good alternative to diesel generators. Photovoltaic cells convert the sunlight into DC electric power. Where the major problem of the PV is that with the changing of atmospheric conditions, the voltage is changing, and so the maximum power is changing. We know that PV systems are still very expensive; therefore, the Artificial Neural Network controller is designed for the converter to secure the maximum power to the system to increase the efficiency of it. ANN controller is designed to bring out the maximum power from the solar panel. This paper uses a controller that utilizes MPPT technique to increase the efficiency of converting solar energy into electrical energy by modifying the duty cycle of Puls Width Modulation (PWM) for the boost converter to obtain the MPP energy from solar cells at all times. A solar panel applied and their components are individually modeled in the MATLAB / SIMULINK program to simulate a real PV system behavior, then an MPPT technique, including DC/DC boost converter was designed. Then an ANN controller is designed and then trained to get the maximum power 65 point from the solar panel at different atmospheric conditions. Also, this controller is compared with the direct connected method without an MPPT controller. The system performance is measured by changing solar radiation and temperature of the PV module. The findings indicate that MPPT ANN has a fast response to the variability and is more efficient, which means more power transfer to the system. The outcome shows that the photovoltaic module directly associated without MPPT technique has less efficiency because of the mismatch between the photovoltaic module and the load.

Sodium chloride, NaCl, is commonly used as a proxy for sea spray aerosols. However, field work has demonstrated that sea spray aerosols also often contain a significant organic component. In this work, we examine the effect of amino acids on the hygroscopic properties of NaCl aerosols using a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer coupled to a flow-cell apparatus. It is found that the effect can be drastically different depending on the nature of the amino acid. More hydrophilic amino acids such as glycine lead to continuous hygroscopic growth of internally mixed NaCl-amino acid aerosols generated from an equimolar precursor solution. However, more hydrophobic amino acids such as alanine do not significantly alter the hygroscopicity of NaCl aerosols. The hydropathy scale is found to be a good qualitative diagnostic for the effect that an amino acid will have on the hygroscopicity of NaCl.

This paper introduces the constructability and economic feasibility study of using one of the proposed two types of permanent shoring system for a highway project in Qatar. The cast-in-situ cantilever retaining wall and the contiguous piles wall were suggested and designed to be used as a permanent retaining system at a multi-level intersection. In this study, the construction complexities of using the cantilever retaining wall system are illustrated and compared to the contiguous piles wall. Besides, the impact on the Right-of-Way (ROW) of the road, excavation process, traffic circulation, and existing utilities are discussed. The paper summarizes the difference in the required construction materials and excavation quantity for the proposed shoring systems at the same retained elevation. Furthermore, the design of both systems is performed based on the local andinternational guidelines and regulations of the shoring system design in Qatar. The studyhas shown that both suggested systems are providing the same finishing quality while thecontiguous piles system is more effective in minimizing economic and site preparationchallenges. It also provides safer utilities handling and faster construction sequencingwithout cost increases.