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Identifying trends in research through co-citation or content analysis of journal contents is quite a common practice in LIS research. In this study, however, we proposed the Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA), a popular topic-modeling approach for identifying research trends of published articles in three scopus-indexed Indian LIS journals. A total of 1213 titles & their abstracts published between 2011 and 2022 have been considered. From these data, a corpus of frequently used 15 key phrases was identified from each journal using Count Vectorizer and then ten topics having higher coherence scores were extracted from each journal corpus using LDA techniques to understand to what extent these topics are different in these journals. The analysis of the study indicates that 'Library users' studies' especially in academic libraries; and 'bibliometric indicators for measuring research growth are a few common topics in these journals and, technological innovation; utilisation of electronic and print information resources; library management; or network analysis are some of the topics that are journal specific. From the t-SNE visualisation and pyLDAvis diagram, it was seen that the topics of DJLIT are significantly unique with discrete distributions than the other two journals. On analysing the growth of the top ten topics longitudinally, it was seen that research on digital libraries, analysing the global output, online search strategy, ranking universities, etc. are concurrent interests of research among researchers while academic library resources, including electronic resources and its use, open access are among diminishing research interests of authors. Since the topic-modeling approach can provide results devoid of bias, it can be used to identify research land scape longitudinally as well as obsolescence of topic in a domain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify the research fronts by analysing highly cited core papers adjusted with the age of a paper in library and information science (LIS) where natural language processing (NLP) is being applied significantly. Design/methodology/approach: By excavating international databases, 3,087 core papers that received at least 5% of the total citations have been identified. By calculating the average mean years of these core papers, and total citations received, a CPT (citation/publication/time) value was calculated in all 20 fronts to understand how a front is relatively receiving greater attention among peers within a course of time. One theme article has been finally identified from each of these 20 fronts. Findings: Bidirectional encoder representations from transformers with CPT value 1.608 followed by sentiment analysis with CPT 1.292 received highest attention in NLP research. Columbia University New York, in terms of University, Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, in terms of journals, USA followed by People Republic of China, in terms of country and Xu, H., University of Texas, in terms of author are the top in these fronts. It is identified that the NLP applications boost the performance of digital libraries and automated library systems in the digital environment. Practical implications: Any research fronts that are identified in the findings of this paper may be used as a base for researchers who intended to perform extensive research on NLP. Originality/value: To the best of the authors' knowledge, the methodology adopted in this paper is the first of its kind where meta-analysis approach has been used for understanding the research fronts in sub field like NLP for a broad domain like LIS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Keyword extraction is the task of identifying important terms or phrase that are most representative of the source document. Although the process of automatic extraction of keywords from title is an old method, it was mainly for extraction from a single web document. Our approach differs from previous research works on keyword extraction in several aspects. For those who are non-expert of the scientific fields, understating scientific research trends is difficult. The purpose of this study is to develop an automatic method of obtaining overviews of a scientific field for non-experts by capturing research trends. This empirical study excavates significant term extraction using Natural Language Processing (NLP) tools. More than 15000 titles saved in a .csv file was our dataset and scripts written in Python were our process to compare how far significant terms of scientific title corpus are similar or different to the terms available in the abstract of that same scientific article corpus. A light-weight unsupervised title extractor, Yet Another Keyword Extractor (YAKE) was used to extract the results. Based on our analysis, it can be concluded that these algorithms can be used for other fields too by the non-experts of that subject field to perform automatic extraction of significant words and understanding trends. Our algorithm could be a solution to reduce the labour-intensive manual indexing process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to connect the perceptions and understanding of the collaboration of faculty members of NIRF ranked top-performing engineering institutes with the publication they have. The quantitative bibliometric analysis along with the enquiry with authors show that national collaboration, mainly with academic authors of same or other institution, still is a preferred. Despite international collaboration leading to more average citations, there is no significant gain seen. Scholars collaborate for many reasons, but mostly to gain popularity among peers or to receive citation benefits. Collaboration with private or government organizations, although uncommon, is primarily used to test newly developed ideas or to provide consultancy. Most of the respondents believe that funding is important for research collaborations and low commitment of team members to the shared goal is a major barrier in collaboration. We argue that as the share of University-Industry-Government research collaborations is low, a strong congruence between knowledge capital and entrepreneurial capital is needed to develop an entrepreneurial university. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study explores the patenting activities of the faculty staff of the top 20 Indian academic and engineering institutes during 2011-2020 by excavating the Indian patent office database. Of the total 963 granted patents, the highest patents were published in 2016, and the academician of IIT Madras invented 167 patents followed by IIT Mumbai with 156 patents during this period. Most of the innovation takes place in the macro-field like chemical engineering, and micro-fields like nano-technology, nano-materials, and nano-complex. Collaboration with inventors of the same academic institution is found as the best choice of the inventors, only a meagre portion of patents was published in collaboration with of industries and organisations around the globe. The tag ‘highest number of patents inventor’ goes to Padma Shri Prof. Thalappil Pradeep of IIT Madras who has contributed 19 Indian patents in the last 10 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the contributions of women scientists currently working in various research organizations under the Ministry of Science and Technology, India. Women scientists were identified through the official websites of the research laboratories and their publication performance has been tracked using the Scopus database. There are 901 women scientists working in 78 research organizations under the Ministry and have published 21810 publications up to December 2019, almost 65 percent of which has been appeared during 2010 to 2019. The publication per scientist has risen from 6.85 article per year before 2000 to 10.45 paper in 2015-2019 which indicates increasing participation of women in science from India. Women scientists are primarily engaged in biological sciencesresearch, however fields such as materials sciences, nano-technology, and astrophysics are also becoming the preferred subject choices among women. Women scientists mostly published their articles as a member of a team of utmost 10 authors, however, their position in multi-authored articles is mostly as co-authors than that of principal authors. Women in the age group of between 31 to 40 produced maximum publications, and almost 98 percent of publications appeared in collaboration with other scientists. This study confirms that publication productivity does not decline with age. There are women scientists who stay active in research and keep their productivity at a high level until their retirement. The study suggests that the increasing participation of women in Indian science is encouraging, as such more funding opportunities to younger women researchers may be important to give them more lead time to build a strong career. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study employs bibliometric methods to examine the pattern of existing collaboration in India's top three ranked academic institutes using publications indexed in the Web of Science for the period 2000 to 2020. The results show although the number of collaborations and the degree of collaboration have increased over time, however, the collaboration coefficient remains almost the same in the three institutes. The lesser negative Pearson correlation between authors and articles with a higher positive Pearson correlation between articles and citations for JNU publications suggests that collaboration with a smaller group is more successful than a larger group for gaining citations. Collaborative publications of Banaras Hindu University (36%) and Indian Institute of Science (33%) are more inclined towards authors of the same department, while for Jawaharlal Nehru University, it is with other authors from different universities (41%). The foreign collaboration for all three institutes is almost the same. The network visualization of collaboration in three institutes suggests that the collaborative research in IISc is more diverse than JNU or BHU and in national collaboration, distance between two national organizations also play an important role for strong collaboration. Overall, theoretical aspects of physics lead in collaborative publications followed by chemical sciences. Agricultural biotechnology, clinical medicine, polymer sciences and nanoscience are some emerging disciplines where organizations are increasing their participation through collaborative research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the effect of scientific position, service tenure, and age of women scientists of various research laboratories of the Ministry of Science and Technology, Government of India on the research productivity. Drawing on a sample of 902 women scientists of various research laboratories, with their 22,617 publications extracted from Web of Science & Scopus databases, the results show that CSIR scientists have more women per laboratory, DST women scientists have more publication per scientists and DBT women scientists received more citations. The majority of the publications were published by scientists who have post-doctoral or doctorate degrees and most of the papers were published by the women scientists between age 31 and 40. However, per scientist publication reveals that there is a continuous increase of publication with the increase of service and physical age. Therefore, better funding opportunities for young researchers and retaining experienced women scientists for more years may be important to increase women's participation in science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study is an attempt to show the variations in search results retrieved for Indic women names in the Web of Science database. A sample of almost 50 women names was identified from official websites of scientific organizations of India. The names were explored through the 'Basic' as well as 'Author' Search field of Web of Science. The results show a wide variation in search results for Author search and Basic search. Several cases were observed where two author records on the same name and affiliation with a different set of publications came in search results. The study suggests that for getting accurate results searching through hyperlinked author names available in the bibliographic details of an author's publication led to best results. The study further suggests that while submitting publication, journals may ask the authors to input primary element, secondary element, and auxiliary-element of author's names instead of surname/last name and first name/given-name/forename. Additional Tab asking how the author would like to render his/her name in the article may be added to the journal submission page so that indexing databases can correctly capture records. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During high altitude long haul flights pilots, cabin crew and passengers are exposed to enhanced level of radiation originating from cosmic ray showers (CRS), produced via the interaction of very high-energy (~GeV) primary protons with the air molecules in Earth's atmosphere. The CRS are composed of energetic particles of diverse species, i.e. neutrons, protons, electrons, muons, pions and photons. Furthermore, the magnitude of aircrew radiation exposure depends on flight altitude and duration, geographical location (latitude), geomagnetic conditions and solar activity (modulation) status. In 1990 the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) classified airline crewmembers as "radiation workers". A miniature passive microdosimeter (LiBe-14) based on LiF (TLD700) and Beryllium Oxide (BeO) thermoluminescence dosimeter chips emulating a large volume gas-filled Tissue Equivalent Proportional Counter (TEPC) was developed by one of the authors (BM). The LiBe-14 was deployed to assess the integrated ambient dose equivalent of two commercial pilots on long haul intercontinental flights during March–May 2017. The accumulated dose equivalents of 1st (38 y, Female, 148 total block hours) and 2nd (29 y, Male, 149 total block hours) pilots were evaluated to be 565 μSv ± 105 μSv and 738 μSv ± 137 μSv, respectively. The results agreed well within ±20% of simulated data evaluated using the well-known EPCARD (E uropean P rogram Package for the C alculation of A viation R oute D oses) aviation dosimetry code. The implementation of LiBe-14 Microdosimeter in routine long haul, high-altitude commercial flights for the estimation of dose equivalent, average LET and quality factor relevant to impinging cosmic radiation is recommended. • Microdosimeter (LiBe) based on LiF and BeO TLD. • Polystyrene phantom bombarded with 81- 231 MeV protons. • TLD cross calibration using a gas-filled TEPC. • Dose Equivalent, Average LET, Quality Factor. • LiBe-Microdosimeter used in aircrew dosimetry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electronic information resources are increasingly become an important component of the collection-building activities of libraries. This paper attempts to understand how far the licenses of commercial publishers support resource optimisation in general and what other important issues that are usually ignored by publishers, knowingly or unknowingly, but are essential for better resource optimisation. Five international publishers namely Elsevier, EBSCO, Sage, Springer, and Taylor & Francis were identified and analysed their agreements that are available in public domain with some model agreements like Liblicense model and model license developed by John Cox Associate. Study indicates that core part of the negotiations still remain price, IP access, display, ILL/document supply, etc. while important issues like perpetual access, archiving, self-archiving, copy of individual articles and share the same for non-commercial use by authorised users were minor issues of the contract. Furthermore, most of the obligations of the publishers that are identified as core issues in Liblicense model are also absent in commercial publishers' license. A greater awareness of this to library managers is essential. They must be acquainted with the clause of the license agreement of commercial publishers and must negotiate to that extent so that the access should be uninterrupted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Qualitative scientific journals play a vital role in scholarly communication processes. However, during the last few years, there is a mushroom growth of journals in every discipline in India. There has been no single source of systematic advice on how to measure the scientific value of Indian journals. The present study is an attempt to minimize the gap by developing a mechanism for measuring scientific value of Indian journals. Consulting various international databases and their journal inclusion policy, a viable mechanism has been devised and tested with 100+ Indian journals in the fields of physics, chemistry and biology. The results indicate that although the quantity of yearly additions of new journals in each of the three disciplines is quite impressive, the yearly discontinuation is also alarming. Almost 29% of physics journals, 11% of chemistry journals and 21% of biology journals were stopped within a year. Although irregularity in publication, improper execution of review process, non-disclosure of article processing charges, lower percentage of foreign contributors and low citation rate were identified as some drawbacks with Indian physics, chemistry and biology journals. The percentage of predatory journals in these three disciplines is quite less till date. In order to choose a better platform of scholarly publishing, this study suggests some recommendations for prospective authors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 7.5 years girl presented with myoclonic jerks with prolonged duration coming progressively at shorter intervals for last six moinths. There was declining academic performances. The dystonic, dyskinetic movements and ataxia were there for last three months. The stages were progressing too rapidly. IgG antibody titre to measles virus was found to be positive with EEG changes which confirms diagnosis. SSPE at so early age with atypical presentation is unique in this indexed case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports the near space ballooning experiment carried out at Australian outback town West Wyalong (33°51′S, 147°24′E) on 19 July 2015. Several dedicated electronic detectors including digital temperature and acceleration (vibration) sensors and an energy compensated PIN-diode gamma ray dosimeter were installed in a thermally insulated Styrofoam payload box. A 9 V Lithium-Polymer battery powered all the devices. The payload box was attached to a helium-filled latex weather balloon and set afloat. The balloon reached a peak burst altitude of 30 km and then soft-landed aided by a self-deploying parachute 66.2 km away form the launch site. The payload box was retrieved and data collected from the electronic sensors analysed. The integrated cosmic ray induced photon ambient dose equivalent recorded by the PIN diode detector was evaluated to be 0.36 ± 0.05 μSv. Furthermore, a high-altitude extended version of commercially available aviation dosimetry package EPCARD.Net ( E uropean P rogram package for the C alculation of A viation R oute D oses) was used to calculate the ambient dose equivalents during the balloon flight. The radiation environment originated from the secondary cosmic ray shower is composed of neutrons, protons, electrons, muons, pions and photons. The photon ambient dose equivalent estimated by the EPCARD.Net code found to be 0.47 ± 0.09 μSv. The important aspects of balloon based near-space radiation dosimetry are highlighted in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To develop an alpha dosimetry technique for activity calibration of alpha-emitting radiopharmaceuticals using the Gafchromic EBT3 (Gaf-EBT3) radio chromic film (International Speciality product, Wayne, NJ). Methods: The Gaf-EBT3 has a tissue equivalent radiosensitive layer (approximately 28p,m) sandwiched between two 100-μm thick polyester sheaths, thereby making it insensitive to alpha particles. We have split a Gaf-EBT3 sheet using a surgical scalpel to remove one of the polyester protective layers and covered the radiosensitive layer with thin Mylar* foil (Goodfellow Cambridge Limited, Huntingdon, UK) (2.5μm). Small pieces of modified film were exposed at contact with a 560-Bq thin 241Am source for 5, 10, 24 and 94 h. The optical density of the films was evaluated using an optical densitometer. The alpha energy spectra of the 241Am source were recorded using a Si(Li) surface barrier detector. Results: Time-integrated specific alpha surface activity ( kBq cm-2h) was represented as a function of optical density. Conclusion: By removing one of the 100 μm thick polyester protective layers, the authors have modified the Gaf- EBT3 film to a sensitive alpha dosemeter. The calibration function relevant to a 241,Am reference source was evaluated from the optical densities of the dosemeter foils. Furthermore, calibration functions for important alpha emitters such as 223Ra, 225Ac or 210Bi were parameterized from the 241Am reference data. Advances in knowledge: The authors have developed and tested the principle of a clinical alpha dosemeter using Gaf-EBT3 radiochromic films originally developed for photon dosimetry. This novel, user-friendly technique could be implemented in quality assurance and calibration procedures of important alpha-emitting radiopharmaceuticals prior to their clinical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Chhattisgarh State was formed in 2001 carved out from the then Madhya Pradesh. Ever since its establishment as a fully fledged state, a considerable number of academic institutions have sprungup. To promote education a Indian Institute of Management (IIM) and All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) have been established along with universities and colleges. As libraries are heart of any institution, present study attempts to analyse the status of libraries in various academic institutions of Chhattisgarh with emphasis on status of automation and ICT applications and use. Survey method was followed to collect the data and six libraries were selected for detailed analysis. There are one central university, one state university, one special university, one open university, along with NIT and IIM. The results indicate that all libraries are discharging their services with functional library buildings. However, their collection is uneven and staff strength is less. Most of the libraries are yet to develop any collection development policies and still collection of non-book materials is very less. Although most of the libraries have implemented automation either by using Libsys or SOUL, staff of the libraries have required skill to handle various bugs in using software. Digitisation of collection is not well adopted in most of the libraries.To excel in services, staff training and staff appointment seem to be urgent need of these libraries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ratio of thermoluminescence light outputs (TLO) of Beryllium Oxide (BeO) and Lithium Fluoride (LiF) dosimeters increases with increasing LET (Linear Energy Transfer) of the impinging particles on the dosimeter chips. This unique phenomenon was utilized to develop a microdosimeter using the common LiF (TLD-700) and BeO (American Beryllia-CF5427-000) dosimeter chips. The dosimeter pairs were exposed to complex mixed radiation fields produced by bombarding a polystyrene plate phantom with therapeutic proton beams of energies from 81 to 231 MeV at the West German Proton Therapy Centre Essen (WPE), Germany. The linear energy transfer (LET) and quality factor ( Q ) of the secondary radiation fields were simultaneously estimated using a REM 500B tissue equivalent proportional counter (TEPC). The TLD chips were evaluated and the corresponding LET and Q values were plotted as linear functions of the ratio of the TL-glow curve areas within 100–250 °C of TLD-700 and BeO chips. The TLD pairs embody a passive, solid-state, tissue-equivalent, microdosimeter that enable the delivery of dose equivalent (DE), dose-average LET and Q within a broad dynamic range for a given mixed-radiation field relevant to particle therapy, long haul aviation dose monitoring and human space exploration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper identifies the present status of journal publishing in India in the field of library & information science. Identification of journals were made by consulting various sources. The characteristics of the journals have been studied on various parameters like number of years of existence, type of publisher, accessibility, references and citation characteristics, etc. Of the total 72 identified journals, it was observed that almost 70% journals started their publication from 2000 onwards. About 81% journals are available on subscription basis. Print as well as online format for dissemination of research have been adopted by 59% journals, however, 30% journals are still available only in print form. It is seen that private or profit-making (59%) organizations are more interested to publish LIS journals than non-profit making organizations (41%). One of the major drawbacks of Indian LIS journals is there poor visibility and limited coverage in various bibliographical databases. More than 54% journals are not indexed in any important bibliographic database and only 6 journals are indexed in LISA, LISTA or ILSA. The citation statistics of these journals are not satisfactory as 42 journals did not receive any citations for their articles published during 2011-2013. At the end, the study suggests a few measures for improving the quality of journal in LIS domain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photon radiation induced decolourisation of radiochromic film changes its optical density. The photon dose is thereby evaluated as a function of optical density. The detection limit of common radiochromic films lies between 1 cGy and 20 Gy. This paper describes a novel evaluation method of radiochromic films using cosine-distance analysis of the RGB-colour vectors instead of conventional optical density measurements using a scanner in transmission mode. This allows extending the detection limit to excess of 40 Gy. • Gaf-EBT3 radiochromic films exposed to photons from 6 MV linac. • RGB colour histogram constructed using ImageJ program. • Cosine-distance (CD) calculated using RGB colour vectors. • Photon doses presented as a function of CD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses perspectives, attitude, and practice of lithium prescription among psychiatrists in India. Topics include Lithium remains the medication that has approved by the Food and Drug Administration for maintenance treatment of bipolar disorder; and lithium as an augmenting agent for treatment‑resistant depression, around 50% of the psychiatrists have comfortable in prescribing lithium.

We present generic conditions for phase band crossings for a class of periodically driven integrable systems represented by free fermionic models subjected to arbitrary periodic drive protocols characterized by a frequency ?D. These models provide a representation for the Ising and XY models in d=1, the Kitaev model in d=2, several kinds of superconductors, and Dirac fermions in graphene and atop topological insulator surfaces. Our results demonstrate that the presence of a critical point/region in the system Hamiltonian (which is traversed at a finite rate during the dynamics) may change the conditions for phase band crossings that occur at the critical modes. We also show that for d>1, phase band crossings leave their imprint on the equal-time off-diagonal fermionic correlation functions of these models; the Fourier transforms of such correlation functions, Fk? 0(?0), have maxima and minima at specific frequencies which can be directly related to ?D and the time at which the phase bands cross at k =k0. We discuss the significance of our results in the contexts of generic Hamiltonians with N>2 phase bands and the underlying symmetry of the driven Hamiltonian. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study periodically driven closed quantum systems where two parameters of the system Hamiltonian are varied periodically in time with frequencies ω1 and ω2=rω1. We show that such drives may be used to tune towards dynamics-induced freezing where the wave function of the state of the system after a drive cycle at time T=2π/ω1 has almost perfect overlap with the initial state. We locate regions in the (ω1,r) plane where the freezing is near exact for a class of integrable models and a specific nonintegrable model. The integrable models that we study encompass Ising and XY models in d=1, Kitaev model in d=2, and Dirac fermions in graphene and atop a topological insulator surface, whereas the nonintegrable model studied involves the experimentally realized one-dimensional tilted Bose-Hubbard model in an optical lattice. In addition, we compute the relevant correlation functions of such driven systems and describe their characteristics in the region of the (ω1,r) plane where the freezing is near exact. We supplement our numerical analysis with semianalytic results for integrable driven systems within adiabatic-impulse approximation and discuss experiments which may test our theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Premature luteinization (PL) is defined as a premature rise in serum progesterone concentration on or before the day of ovulation trigger with human chorionic gonadotropin. The incidence of PL varies between 5% and 30% during in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET). Materials and Methods: The prospective observational study comprising 380 patients undergoing IVF-ET. Blood samples were collected for serum progesterone level estimation on the day of ovulation trigger. Ovum pickup was done 36 h later and serum progesterone levels were correlated with IVF-ET outcome. Study Outcome: To correlate serum progesterone level on the day of ovulation trigger during IVF and its effect on treatment outcome. Results: Mean serum progesterone level in the positive pregnancy group and negative pregnancy group was 0.892 ± 0.752 ng/ml and 0.91 ± 0.688 ng/ml, respectively (P = 0.961). The overall incidence of PL was 12.8% with 12.7% and 13.6% in the agonist and antagonist protocol respectively (P = 0.9001). PL incidence was 13.5% and 13.4% in positive pregnancy and negative pregnancy group (P = 0.223). Conclusion: PL has been associated with 12.8% of the IVF cycles. There was no statistically significant difference observed in the incidence of PL between different IVF stimulation protocols. PL does not seem to affect IVF outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Venous thromboembolic disease presenting with acute pulmonary embolus (PE) can be treated in a variety of ways from anticoagulation as an outpatient to surgical embolectomy with many new interventional therapies being developed. Mortality in these patients can be as high as 50% and many of these treatments are also considered to be high risk. Early involvement of a multidisciplinary team and patient risk stratification can aid management decisions in these complex patients who can suddenly deteriorate. In this review, we summarise the evidence behind new and developing interventional therapies in the treatment of high and intermediate‐high risk PE including catheter‐directed thrombolysis, pharmacomechanical thrombolysis, thromboaspiration and the growing role of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in the stabilisation and management of this cohort of patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Craniofacial gunshot injuries encountered during counter-insurgency/counter-terrorism operations are involved in a situational complexity requiring astute battlefield care, evacuation, operative management and critical life support. Secondary infections by 'military superbug' Acinetobacter baumanii complicating to sepsis can jeopardize survival. Cases Two combatants sustained craniofacial gunshot injuries during counter-insurgency/counter-terrorism operations in hilly jungle terrain of South-Asia. Having survived through initial assault of the gunshot and resuscitation, they were tactically evacuated on ventilator support to tertiary care. In the backdrop of tissue devitalization, hemodynamic and renal compromise, extensive surgical and critical care interventions, secondary infection by multidrug resistant Acinetobacter baumanii led to sepsis and demise. Conclusions Craniofacial gunshot wounds in the battlefield can initiate a domino effect leading to physiological complications which can predispose to secondary infections, leading to sepsis and demise. Acinetobacter baumanii known to survive in environmental reservoirs, can cause bacteremia and sepsis in gunshot, warfare injuries and natural disasters. A prudent emphasis on secondary and opportunistic infections in battlefield and hospital care is mandated to optimize outcome in gunshot injuries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Congenital Erythropoietic Porphyria (CEP) is a rare inborn error of metabolism charectorised by a deficiency of UROS III enzyme, an important enzyme in the heme biosythetic pathway. It is an autosomal recessive disease and only around 200 cases have been charectorised so far. The clinical presentation, genetic profile and the genotype-phenotype correlation of this disease is complex, and needs to understand completely for proper diagnose of the case and instituting specific therapy. Mutation analysis in the cases of CEP have revealed all types of mutations in the gene including additions, substitutions, insertion and deletions in the gene. Mutations have also been charectorised in the intron-exon junction as well as in the intron regions resulting in truncated gene product and hence a defective enzyme. Mutations in the promoter region too have been charectorised that affect the rate of gene expression. Trans-acting mutations resulting in a phenotype characteristic of CEP have also been recently charectorised. Various study in the molecular basis of the disease have demonstrated that the mutations result in the production of an unstable protein that gets destroyed rapidly resulting a critically low level of the enzyme in the biosystem. Targetting these factors which regulate the rapid degradation of the deformed proteins have been found to improve the clinical profile of the patient and offers potential for future therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]