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Background: Antenatal hydronephrosis can be caused by various congenital anomalies of the excretory urinary system. Common causes are isolated ureteropelvic junction obstruction and ureterovesical junction obstruction with isolated mid-ureteral stenosis occurring much less frequently. To our knowledge, the co-existence of a triple ureteral obstruction has never been previously reported in the literature. Case presentation: We herein report the case of a 7-month-old girl who presented for follow up on antenatal hydronephrosis and was diagnosed with ureterovesical junction obstruction. After ureteroneocystostomy was done, failure to introduce the ureteral catheter into the ureter and subsequent dissection showed a second obstruction: a mid-ureteral valve, that was resected. Then, failure to re-introduce the catheter a second time with subsequent retrograde pyelography revealed a third obstruction: a ureteropelvic junction obstruction. Conclusion: The co-existence of multiple ureteral obstruction is a rare condition that poses diagnostic problems, and whose treatment remains challenging. Early diagnosis and treatment of these serious conditions is imperative because of their detrimental consequences on renal function. Thus, the occurrence of multiple ureteral obstruction should always be borne in mind and investigated intra-operatively by retrograde pyelography whenever suspected.

Abstract Background Rectal atresia is a very rare cause of neonatal intestinal obstruction. It has some distinctive anatomical and physiological specifications. The management is controversial with many described operative techniques. In this case report, we described our patient that we operated according to the transanal pull-through technique. We discussed the advantages and disadvantages of this technique and what makes it a suitable option for this population of patient. Case presentation A full-term male patient presented at 36 h of life for a pneumoperitoneum. Because of his well-placed, normally appearing anus, the diagnosis of rectal atresia was delayed. The patient was operated then according to the transanal pull-through technique with good follow-up results. Conclusion Transanal pull-through is a safe, easy. and a potentially reproducible option for managing rectal atresia. It should be considered for managing future cases. More cases should be done before drawing big conclusions.

The aim of the article is to present the findings of the empirical research on the feeling of the value of one’s own life (VOL) in students. Experiencing the feeling of VOL is understood to be the intended activity of an individual through which they reinforce (strengthen) their psychological and personal being. A presumption about the important role of a cognitive factor in experiencing the feeling of VOL in students was tested. In the manifestation of VOL, the role of such a cognitive factor as basic beliefs was investigated. Methods. Basic beliefs were diagnosed using the modified questionnaire by R. Janoff-Bulman. To diagnose the parameters of the feeling of VOL, the author’s questionnaire was used. 286 students took part in the testing. The correlations between the scores of two questionnaires were calculated. Logistic regression was used. The results of the research. Parameters of the feeling of VOL such as «Optimism», «Health», «Self-control, Information, Self-development», «Power, Status, Wealth» and «Close relationships, Family, Relevance» turned out to be closely related to measures of basic beliefs. This is especially true of beliefs about justice, a positive self-image, control, goodwill. Age-related differences in the structure of correlations between the measures were revealed. For senior students, experiencing the feeling of VOL as possessing power, status and wealth is more closely linked to a basic belief about justice than for junior students. Concerning health, they often note the importance of control. When assessing the role of the family and close relationships senior students rely less on good luck than junior students. Two modes of experiencing the feeling of VOL were singled out, the «Building rapport with people» mode and the «Distancing from people» mode. Using the logistic regression, the probability was calculated with which the students’ tendency to build rapport with people would prevail over the students’ tendency to distance from people. As predictors, the regression equation included the measures of the basic belief questionnaire. Conclusions. It is proved that the predominance of the tendency of building rapport over the tendency of distancing when experiencing the feeling of VOL in students is determined by three cognitive predictors. These are beliefs about justice, about the control of the action and about a positive self-image. Beliefs about the goodwill of the surrounding community and about good luck were not included in the list of influential cognitive predictors for the feeling of VOL.

A 4-year-old boy with posterior urethral valves and end stage kidney disease on peritoneal dialysis presented with high pressure non-compliant bladder with left ureterohydronephrosis. Inability to perform hemodialysis due to patient's weight exclusion, imposed the necessity to preserve peritoneal dialysis. A bilateral nephrectomy by retroperitoneoscopy with extraperitoneal augmentation ureterocystoplasty using left ureter and pelvis associated with continent diversion using right ureter as umbilical stoma was performed followed by kidney transplantation. An excellent outcome with voluntary voiding without CIC is reported eighteen months later. This treatment modality is the best option to manage End Stage Kidney Disease on peritoneal dialysis in those patients.

A lacto-bezoar is an aggregation of mucus and undigested milk and can obstruct any part of the digestive tract. The diagnosis of this entity theoretically is very straight forward. However without a high index of suspicion missing it becomes inevitable. Any delay in the diagnosis can be morbid and even lethal at times.In the following report we presented two cases of neonatal gastric perforation induced by gastric lactobezoar, we highlighted the errors in diagnosis and then we summed up with a review of the literature. Keywords: Perforation, Gastric, Stomach, Premature, Lactobezoar, Pneumoperitoneum