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In this study the most stable isobar for some isobaric families (light and intermediate ) nuclei with mass number (A) equals to (15-30) & (101- 115) have been determined. This determination of stable nuclide can help to determine the suitable nuclide, which can be used in different fields. Most stable isobar can be determined by two means. First: plot mass parabolas (plotting the binding energy (B.E) as a function of the atomic number (Z)) for these isobaric families, in this method most stable isobars represent the lowest point in mass parabola (the nuclide with the highest value of binding energy). Second: calculated the atomic number for most stable isobar (ZA) value. Our results show that there is only one stable nuclide for isobars with odd mass number (A) (one mass parabolas), while for nuclides with an even mass number (A) there is more than one stable nuclide (two mass parabola). Also, our results show that nuclides representing the most stable isobars in the two methods, which used in this study practically, are the same nuclide.

The purpose of present work is to study the relationship of the deformed shape of the nucleus with the radioactivity of nuclei for (Uranium-238 and Thorium-232) series. To achieve our purposes we have been calculated the quadruple deformation parameter (β2) and the eccentricity (e) and compare the radioactive series with the change of the (β2) and (e) as indicator for the changing in the nucleus shape with the radioactivity.To obtain the value of quadruple deformation parameter (β2), the adopted value of quadruple transition probability B (E2; 0+ → 2+) was calculated from Global Best fit equation. While the eccentricity (e) was calculated from the values of the minor and major ellipsoid axis’s (a & b).From the results, it is obvious that the radioactive nuclei by its decay for both series, try to achieve more stability by changing its shape towards the perfect sphere shape. Keywords: Radioactive, Nuclear deformation, Eccentricity, Ellipsoid axis, Quadruples transition probability

A theoretical calculation of the binding and excitation energies have been used at low – lying energies based on shell model and quantum theory. In this model, we evaluated the energies under assume Ni 28 56 30 as inert core with two nucleon extra, nucleons in the 2P3/2 , 1f 5/2 and 2P1/2 configuration. Modified Surface Delta Interaction (MSDI) and Reid's Potential (RP) theory for two body matrix elements are evaluated by using a Matlab program to calculate the energies of experimental and Reid single particle energies. Our results of the theoretical calculation have been compared with the experimental results, which show no good agreement with the experiment but have a good agreement with the theoretical studies of Non Zero Pairing Shell Model (NZPSM) and Energy Spectra Method (ESM).

This research introduced the derivation of mathematical equations to calculate the Cartesian and geographical coordinates of a site situated at a far distance from the observer position by using GPS data. The geographical coordinates (ϕobs., λ obs., hobs.) for observer position were transformed to Cartesian coordinates (X obs., Y obs., Z obs.) of observer position itself. Then the Cartesian coordinates of unknown position mathematically were calculated from these calculated equations, and its transformed to geographical coordinates of (ϕunk., λunk.) position.

This study deals with the measurement of the specific activity radiation for beryllium -7 isotope in Baghdad city for samples of surface soils, by using gamma ray spectrometer technique. Twenty one samples were collected from surface soil of Baghdad city from Risafa and Karkh sides, (7) samples from Risafa side and(14) samples from Karkh side, where the axis for locations which are fixed by using (G.P.S.) . Gamma-ray spectrometry system (DSA 2000) with high purity germanium detector was used, which has (50%) efficiency and resolution of (2.2 keV) at gamma line (1332 keV) of 60Co source. The specific activity values for beryllium -7 isotope in surface soil of Risafa and Karkh sides, ranged between (B.D.L.- 32.827  6.636) Bq/kg for Risafa soil , and (B.D.L.-23.660  3.703) Bq/kg for Karkh soil. While the average of beryllium -7 isotope in surface soil of Baghdad city from Risafa and Karkh sides would be (32.827±6.636) Bq/kg & (23.660±3.703) respectively. The results showed that the most samples have a specific activity for beryllium -7 isotope which is higher than that for normal limits of international levels because of falls of atmosphere dust resulting from sun reactions.

When interacting with absorption materials, beta rays, which are emitted by isotopes, are harmful because bremsstrahlung (braking) radiation is produced. Therefore, the efficiency of a shielding material can be improved by considering the bremsstrahlung radiation generated by the material's beta ray absorption. In this study, to determine the risk of bremsstrahlung radiation produced by beta rays, the fractions of beta energy transformed into bremsstrahlung radiation were calculated for beta emitters in the energy ranges of 0.0026-0.1734, 0.205-0.694, and 0.9345-2.640 MeV, using five different absorption materials (13Al, 26Fe, 48Cd, 74W, and 82Pb). The relationship between the fractions of beta energy transformed into bremsstrahlung radiation by the five shielding materials and the maximum energies of some beta emitters was studied to determine the most suitable beta-ray shielding materials to effectively minimize bremsstrahlung radiation. The results showed that the fractions of beta energy transformed into bremsstrahlung radiation increased as the beta energy and the atomic number of the shielding material increased. The fraction of beta energy transformed into bremsstrahlung radiation in 13Al < 26Fe < 48Cd < 74W < 82Pb. Therefore, beta ray shields should be made with low atomic number materials to reduce the generation of bremsstrahlung radiation. Practically, beta shields made from materials with atomic numbers greater than 13 are rarely employed; notably, aluminum successfully decreased the production of bremsstrahlung radiation. However, it is also necessary to use materials with medium and high atomic numbers as secondary beta shields to reduce the effect of the bremsstrahlung radiation photons formed by the interaction between beta rays and shielding materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Atmospheric particles (total suspended particles, TSPs) mass samples (288) were collected by high volume samplers at nine sampling locations in Faisalabad, Pakistan from May 2012 to April 2013. These TSP mass samples were subjected to gravimetric and quantitative chemical analyses for determining trace elements (Pb, Cd, Ni, Zn, Cu, Fe) using atomic absorption spectroscopy and water-soluble cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+ and K+, NH4+) and anions (Cl−, SO42−, and NO3−) by ion chromatography. The average TSP mass and elemental concentrations at all locations were found to be highest during the dry and lowest during the wet season. The crustal elements Ca, Fe, Mg, and Na were the largest contributors to TSP mass while elements of anthropogenic origin Pb, Cd, Ni, Cu, and Zn had relatively lower concentrations and also showing a high spatial variation. The concentration of TSP and elements exhibited the maxima at the sampling locations characterized by intensive industrial and vehicular activities. The wind rose analysis and the UNMIX model applied to chemical speciation data both identified the same three primary sources of TSP: power plant/refinery, brick kilns, and roadways. The normalized dot product was successfully used to quantify the similarity between different source profiles extracted from UNMIX model. The coupling of UNMIX with wind direction analysis complemented each other and provided a complete assessment of source contributions and locations.

Summary: Large-scale analysis of single-cell gene expression has revealed transcriptomically defined cell subclasses present throughout the primate neocortex with gene expression profiles that differ depending upon neocortical region. Here, we test whether the interareal differences in gene expression translate to regional specializations in the physiology and morphology of infragranular glutamatergic neurons by performing Patch-seq experiments in brain slices from the temporal cortex (TCx) and motor cortex (MCx) of the macaque. We confirm that transcriptomically defined extratelencephalically projecting neurons of layer 5 (L5 ET neurons) include retrogradely labeled corticospinal neurons in the MCx and find multiple physiological properties and ion channel genes that distinguish L5 ET from non-ET neurons in both areas. Additionally, while infragranular ET and non-ET neurons retain distinct neuronal properties across multiple regions, there are regional morpho-electric and gene expression specializations in the L5 ET subclass, providing mechanistic insights into the specialized functional architecture of the primate neocortex.

Abstract Background Acute pharyngitis is a frequent reason for primary care or emergency unit visits in children. Most available data on pharyngitis management come from primary care studies that demonstrate an underuse of microbiological tests, a tendency to over-prescribe antibiotics and a risk of antimicrobial resistance increase. However, a comprehensive understanding of acute pharyngitis management in emergency units is lacking. This study aimed to investigate the frequency of rapid antigen test use to diagnose acute pharyngitis, as well as other diagnostic approaches, the therapeutic attitude, and follow-up of children with this condition in the emergency units. Methods A multicentric national study was conducted in Italian emergency departments between April and June 2022. Results A total of 107 out of 131 invited units (response rate 82%), participated in the survey. The results showed that half of the units use a scoring system to diagnose pharyngitis, with the McIsaac score being the most commonly used. Most emergency units (56%) were not provided with a rapid antigen diagnostic test by their hospital, but the test was more frequently available in units visiting more than 10,000 children yearly (57% vs 33%, respectively, p = 0.02). Almost half (47%) of the units prescribe antibiotics in children with pharyngitis despite the lack of microbiologically confirmed cases of Group A β-hemolytic streptococcus. Finally, about 25% of units prescribe amoxicillin-clavulanic acid to treat Group A β-hemolytic streptococcus pharyngitis. Conclusions The study sheds light on the approach to pharyngitis in emergency units, providing valuable information to improve the appropriate management of acute pharyngitis in this setting. The routinary provision of rapid antigen tests in the hospitals could enhance the diagnostic and therapeutic approach to pharyngitis.

Among the established breeds of buffalo in Pakistan, the Nili-Ravi breed is dominant in the Punjab Province. The purpose of the study is to determine the chemical composition and fatty acid profile of buffalo milk. Milk is a complete food and contains all the nutritional components in balanced form. It helps to meet important nutritional needs of the human body. The buffaloes were divided into 3 groups on the basis of lactation period i.e. early, middle and late lactation. A total of 90 milk samples were obtained for analysis. Buffalo milk samples were analyzed for proximate analysis, parameters like fat, crude protein, lactose, ash, solids not fat (SNF), total solids (TS), pH and acidity were determined. Fatty acid profile of buffalo milk was determined by the method, Association of Office of Agricultural Chemists (AOAC, 2000). Milk fat content (%) was found to be significantly (p<0.05) lower in the early (6.52) and mid lactation (6.61) stages than the late lactation stage (6.85). The content of TS (%) was found to be significantly (p<0.05) higher in the late lactation (14.62 and 15.45) stage than the early (12.94 and 13.65)) and mid lactation (13.76 and 14.14) stages. In contrast, the content of total protein (4.31% to 4.78%), Solid not fat (8.40% to 8.70%), lactose (4.36% to 4.74%) and ash (0.18% to 0.19%) did not vary significantly among the different lactation stages. The values of Butyric acid, Caproic acid, Myristic acid, Stearic acid and Oleic acid showed significant increase towards end of lactation. These values of fatty acids also revealed that there is significant difference among the animals and lactation stages of Nili Ravi buffalo milk. Results showed that Capric acid, Lauric acid, Palmitic acid, Linoleic acid and Linolenic acid decreased in early to middle and increased towards end of lactation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Delivering genes to and across the brain vasculature efficiently and specifically across species remains a critical challenge for addressing neurological diseases. We have evolved adeno-associated virus (AAV9) capsids into vectors that transduce brain endothelial cells specifically and efficiently following systemic administration in wild-type mice with diverse genetic backgrounds, and in rats. These AAVs also exhibit superior transduction of the CNS across non-human primates (marmosets and rhesus macaques), and in ex vivo human brain slices, although the endothelial tropism is not conserved across species. The capsid modifications translate from AAV9 to other serotypes such as AAV1 and AAV-DJ, enabling serotype switching for sequential AAV administration in mice. We demonstrate that the endothelial-specific mouse capsids can be used to genetically engineer the blood-brain barrier by transforming the mouse brain vasculature into a functional biofactory. We apply this approach to Hevin knockout mice, where AAV-X1-mediated ectopic expression of the synaptogenic protein Sparcl1/Hevin in brain endothelial cells rescued synaptic deficits.

In the context of modified gravity, we study the appearance of anisotropic compact stellar objects. The space–time geometry is characterized by the metric potentials, and to solve the field equations, we consider their specific form known as the Tolman–Kuchowicz space–time. The obtained solutions are free of singularities and satisfy all requirements for stellar objects. We consider the observational data for models of the stars Cen X-3, EXO 1785-248, and LMC X-4, and taking these data into account, we obtain the values of the physical parameters from the matching conditions for the interior Tolman–Kuchowicz space–time and the exterior Schwarzschild metric. In addition, we discuss some physical attributes of anisotropic compact stellar structures to verify the physical validity and stability of the proposed model. We perform a three-dimensional graphical analysis that allows obtaining a representation of the physical behavior of these compact objects. We note that all three compact objects correspond to physically accepted models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT: Major viral infections, such as Newcastle disease virus, infectious bronchitis virus, avian influenza virus, and infectious bursal disease virus, inflict significant injury to small poultry and tremendous economic damage to the poultry sector. This research aims to develop a multiplex reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (m-RT-PCR) approach to simultaneously determine these important viral pathogens. The conserved segment of various viral genetic sequences was used to design and synthesize specific primers. Moreover, as positive controls, recombinant vectors were synthesized in this investigation. The d-optimal approach was used to improve PCR conditions in this investigation. Positive controls and clinical samples were used to assess the m-PCR assay's specificity, sensitivity, repeatability, and reproducibility. According to the sensitivity test findings, the m-PCR technique could generate the 8 target genes from viral genomes using 1 × 102. In addition, 8 viral pathogens were detected from the infected samples. The findings also suggest that live animal oral swabs were not significantly different from tissue sampling of a dead animal (P < 0.05), and this kit had a high sensitivity for analyzing both types of samples. The suggested m-PCR test may detect and evaluate viral infection in birds with excellent specificity, sensitivity, and throughput.