Search

European Journal of Comparative Economics, Vol 17. no. 2 (Winter 2020), p. 205 - 227, This study identifies the drivers of carbon dioxide emission and measures its effects on climate change in the countries of the Congo Basin. It applies panel Autoregressive Distributed lag (ARDL) model to Kaya’s (1990) identity framework, which breaks up the main determinants of carbon dioxide emissions into energy intensity, carbon intensity, population and per capita gross domestic product. To take into account the ecological specificities of these countries, we add other variables; like “biocapacity” and “ecological balance”. Using data for the 1971-2016 period, the results show that economic growth has a more negative effect on environmental quality in the Congo Basin, followed by energy intensity, carbon intensity and population density. “Biocapacity” and “ecological balance” have negative and positive coefficients, suggesting that they respectively are a “carbon sink” and “emission source” for CO2, although the coefficients are non-significant. Particular attention should therefore be given to forest protection and ecological transition, problems arising from population explosion and the resulting uncontrolled urban development.

This article re-examines the effects of governance/institutions on the quality of the environment captured successively by the emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) in the countries of the Community. economy of Central African States (ECCAS), under the hypothesis of the environmental Kuznets curve (CEK). The econometric model is inspired by the work of Grossman and Krueger (1991, 1995) and is estimated successively by generalized least squares (GLS) and double least squares with instrumental variables (DMC-IV). Two main results emerge from the study. Initially, there would be a “Pseudo CEK” in the shape of an “N” between economic growth and the different types of pollutants. Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions would then follow a sinusoidal or cyclical trend in ECCAS. Secondly, improving governance would make it possible to significantly reduce polluting emissions in the countries under consideration. Therefore, the strengthening of programs of governance and improvement of the quality of institutions will generally contribute to reducing the levels of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in ECCAS countries.

Le Cameroun, malgré des prédispositions naturelles qui lui permettent d’avoir des ressources en eau importantes, a du mal à atteindre la cible 2 de l’objectif 7 des objectifs de développement du millénaire (OMD), à savoir réduire de moitié, d’ici 2015, le pourcentage de la population qui n’a pas accès de façon durable à un approvisionnement en eau potable et à un assainissement de base. Notre objectif à travers cette étude est de fournir un outil de promotion de l’accessibilité à l’eau potable au Cameroun, ainsi qu’à sa gestion durable. Elle cherche à capter les déterminants de l’offre d’eau afin de cerner les raisons de l’inadéquation entre celle-ci (l’offre d’eau) et la demande. L’analyse des données réalisée grâce au logiciel Eviews 5 nous montre que l’insuffisance des investissements réalisés dans le secteur et les perceptions anachroniques des populations en ce qui concerne la gestion de l’eau constituent les principaux freins à une offre suffisante de l’eau potable. Ainsi, la résolution des problèmes hydriques au Cameroun passe inévitablement par une augmentation de l’enveloppe budgétaire allouée au secteur de l’eau et par une sensibilisation des populations sur la nécessité d’une gestion durable des ressources environnementales en général et de la ressource hydrique en particulier.

This study examines the effects of economic growth on the carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions of a sample of four countries of the Congo Basin. Cointegration tests by the distributed lags or AutoRegressive Distributed Lags (ARDL) developed by Pesaran et al. (1997, 2001) is applied to data on Cameroon, Congo, Gabon and the Democratic Republic of Congo for the period from 1978 to 2012 and indicates the existence of a long term relationship between the variables. The results show that the economic growth has a positive impact on CO2 emissions in these countries. Also, the consumption of energy, population density and industrial activities increase CO2 emissions significantly in these countries, while the commercial opening does not have a significant impact.