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Objective of study: To study the interest and postgraduate exam preferences adopted by young doctors who have successfully completed their one-year house job in May 2020, who graduated from a private medical college of Lahore Place and duration: The data of doctors was collected from records of Akhter Saeed Medical and Dental college Lahore, who had completed their one-year house job from May 2019 to May 2020. Study design: It was a cross sectional survey. Non-probability conventional sample was used. The data was analyzed by SPSS-25 and presented in forms of tables, bar charts and pie charts. Materials& methods: The data of 121 students is collected from college and hospital records who graduated in 2019, started their house job in May 2019 and completed in May 2020. The students who were fail in final professional exam or were not able to complete their house job due to any reason were excluded from study. Each student was contacted in person and required information was collected after verification of their names and roll numbers with their consent. Close ended same set of questions were asked from each student. Data was collected and analyzed by SPSS 25. Results: Total 121 young doctors were included in our study, 81 (66.9%) females and 40 (33.1%) males. Out of theses 63 (52.1%) responded and 58 (47.9%) didn’t. The unviability of getting response was either lack of consent to respond or change of contact numbers. Regarding marital status 32 (50.8%) were unmarried [19 (30.16%) females, 13 (20.63%) males] and 31 (49.2%) were married [20 (31.75%) females ,11 (17.64%) males]. Forty-nine 49 (77.78%) medical graduates actually perused their career and went for some post graduate exams whereas 14 (22.22%) only planned and didn’t appear in any exam after completion of one year house job. Among doctors who responded, eleven 11 (17.5%) young doctors [9 (14.29%) females ,2 (3.17%) males], successfully started their residency after FCPS part l examination, twenty-one 21 (33.3%) were waiting for their induction after passing their FCPS part l exam [13(20.63%) females, 8(12.70%) males], eight 8(12.70%) went for PLAB exam [5 (7.93%) females 3 (4.76%) males] and seven 7 (11.1%) attempted part l exam [5(7.93%) females ,3 (4.76%) males] but not declared successful. The other options perused by doctors for postgraduation were MCPS dermatology 1(0.8%), two years diploma radiology 1 (0.8%), M Phil biochemistry 1 (0.8%), exam of Australian medical council 1 (0.8%) and STEPs 1 (0.8%). There were eleven 11 (17.5%) doctors [5 (7.93%) females ,6 (9.52%) males] who didn’t appear in any exams. The top four favourite specialties preferred by graduates of Akhtar Saeed Medical college were medicine 19 (15.7%), surgery 10 (8.3%), gynecology 7 (5.8%) and anesthesia 3 (2.5%). The remaining were radiology 2 (1.7%), ENT 2 (1.7%), eye 1 (0.8%) and cardiology 1 (0.8%). Conclusion: It was an encouraging, reassuring and promising trend that young graduates from a private medical college pursue postgraduate qualification timely. Most students were females and majority preferred clinical over basic sciences for postgraduation. These young doctors should be guided and trained in those subjects which face shortfall in specialists. The data can help to find job opportunities in Pakistan to avoid brain drain. Keyword: Medical graduates, post-graduation, doctors.

Objective of study: To study the frequency of common ocular presenting complaints of patients coming in outpatient department (OPD) of ophthalmology, in a trust hospital at Lahore Place and duration: The data of all patients, who attended OPD of ophthalmology department, at Akhter Saeed Trust Hospital of Lahore, was collected, over two years from first March 2019 to 30th March 2021. Study design: It was a cross sectional survey. Non-probability conventional sample was used. The data was analyzed by SPSS-25 and presented in forms of bar charts and tables. Materials& methods: Total 3089 patients were included from previous records of outpatient department of ophthalmology at Akhtar Saeed trust hospital over 02 years from first March 2019 to 30th March 2021. All patients were examined by a qualified ophthalmologist. Except for patients below 4 years all patients were examined by autorefractometer and non-contact air puff tonometer. Refraction was done by a qualified optometrist. Anterior segment examination was performed on Slit lamp and posterior segment examination done with 90 D lens or indirect ophthalmoscopy performed by ophthalmologist if required after dilating pupil with mydriatic eye drops. Data was entered in SPSS 25 and analyzed. Results: Total 3089 patients were selected from previous hospital records, who attended OPD department of Ophthalmology, over the period of 2 years from March 2019 to March 2020. Out of total 3089 patients, 1785 (57.79%) were females and 1304 (42.21%) were males. Age range is minimal 1 month to maximum 100 years, mean age is 35.07 years. Most of the patients 1537 (49.76%) needed refraction, 1130 (36.58%) required treatment (topical drops or systemic medication), 368 (11.91%) needed admission and referral to other medical departments of hospitals was required for 54 (1.75%). Myopia was most common diagnosis found in 590 (19.10%), Presbyopia was second common among diagnosis, found in 565 (18.29%) patients. Conjunctivitis 467 (12.66%), cataract 391 (12.66%) and hypermetropia 168(5.44%) were respectively at third, fourth and fifth number. Dry eye was seen in 122 (3.95%). Frequency wise remaining patients coming in OPD had diagnosis of emmetropia 109 (3.53%) , astigmatism 82 (2.65%), corneal foreign bodies 62 (2.01%), pterygium 51 (1.65%), blepharitis 45 (1.46%), corneal ulcer 43 (1.39%), exophoria 43 (1.39%), glaucoma 41 (1.33%), chalazion 34 (1.10%), diabetic retinopathy 30 (0.97%), stye 26 (0.84%), branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) 25 (0.81%), nasolacrimal duct block (NLD) 22 (0.71%) , age related macular degeneration (ARMD) 21 (0.68%), Esotropia 20 (0.65%), vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) 20 (0.65%), amblyopia 18 (0.58%), corneal opacities 16 (0.52%), pre septal cellulitis 16 (0.52%), subconjunctival hemorrhage 15 (0.48%), Tractional retinal detachment (TRD) 12 (0.39%), dacryocystitis 6 (0.19%), hypertensive retinopathy 6 (0.19%), keratoconus 5 (0.16%), Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) 5 (0.16%), chemical burn 3 (0.09%), macular hole 3(0.09%) and proptosis 3 (0.09%). Conclusion: The myopic refractive error was most frequent eye disease encountered. Increasing prevalence of this refractive error specially in younger age group is associated with multifactorial etiologies. Regular screening can reduce ocular morbidity. Cataract, conjunctivitis and presbyopia were among other frequent diagnosis in patients. There is need of educating general population regarding importance of eye protection during working hours and developing better ocular habits to avoid acquired myopia. Female patients were more than male patients. The data results can help medical educationists to include common ocular ailments in curriculum of undergraduate medical students. Keyword: Myopia, presbyopia, refractive errors, conjunctivitis, cataract, OPD (outpatient department).