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Abstract Sludge biosolids for agricultural application represent a valuable fertilizer but also a health risk unless pathogens are effectively reduced, and recontamination controlled. The Post Anaerobic Digestion Thermal Hydrolysis Process (Post-AD THP) is gaining interest due to improved dewaterability, reducing the volume and thus transportation costs of biosolids. However, Post-AD THP results in sterile biosolids easily exposed to recontamination by pathogens due to the lack of microbial competitors. In theory, this could be suppressed by establishing a competing community of harmless bacteria. The theory was tested by monitoring the abundance of Escherichia coli (viable counts) and gene abundance (ddPCR) in wastewater recontaminated Post-AD THP biosolids, with and without addition of compost. Respiration, total bacterial population and bacterial diversity (16S rRNA amplicon sequencing) were used to monitor the microbial community. Biosolids from the regulatory approved methods thermophilic AD (TAD) and Pre-AD THP were tested in parallel for comparison. The results demonstrated that regulatory requirements can be reached by storing the TAD and Pre-AD THP biosolids for 3 days after recontamination and the Post-AD THP biosolids for more than 13 days. However, addition of compost suppressed growth of E. coli in Post-AD THP biosolids, reducing the time to comply with regulative requirements. In conclusion, pathogen growth in Post-AD THP biosolids can be controlled by inoculation with compost. Graphical abstract

Solid residues such as primary sludge (PS), waste activated sludge (WAS), and food waste (FW) can be stabilized through anaerobic digestion (AD). Application of the thermal hydrolysis process (THP) prior to AD results in several benefits in AD and dewatering. However, soluble recalcitrant compounds associated with Maillard reactions have been identified after THP which can impact downstream processes and water discharge limits. In this study, the soluble colloidal chemical oxygen demand, color, ultraviolet absorbance at 254 nm and dissolved organic nitrogen in seven full-scale THP facilities were quantified and compared. The THP substrate influenced the concentration of soluble melanoidin-associated compounds in the digestates. THP implementation in five water resource recovery facilities (WRRFs) was modeled and found to give a 3-8 mg/L increase on the water effluent COD concentration depending on the PS/WAS ratio. The results provide novel information useful in planning new WRRFs and optimization of existing facilities. PRACTITIONER POINTS: High amounts of WAS in substrate resulted in higher concentrations of CODsc, color and dissolved organic nitrogen in the digestate. Food waste treated at 145°C showed equal or lower concentrations of all components compared with sludge operated at 165°C. Installation of THP will increase the COD concentration in the water effluent of a water resource recovery facility. The characteristics of the THP substrate are important to consider in cost/benefit analysis when planning the installation of THP.

Norges musikkhøgskole. Masteroppgave. Musikkterapi Denne studien undersøker hvordan en musikkterapistudent erfarer å arbeide med en innsatt i fengsel. I oppgaven vil jeg bruke meg selv som eneste informant ved hjelp av autoetnografisk metode. Dette er en forskningstilnærming hvor forskeren bruker personlige erfaringer til å belyse disse som uttrykk for kultur og kunnskap. Datamaterialet for studien er loggføringer med vekt på refleksivitet fra praksisforløpet som et utgangspunkt for forståelsen av musikkterapi som profesjon. Bakgrunnen for studien er hentet fra en interesse omkring hvordan musikkterapeutens posisjon til å påvirke et musikkterapeutisk forløp. Oppgaven er inspirert av mastergradprogrammet i musikkterapi, hvor det rettes fokus mot refleksivitet hos musikkterapeuten. Resultatene fra denne studien viser erfaringer knyttet til musikkterapeutisk profesjonsforståelse, låtskriving, relasjonelt og musikalsksamarbeid og samspill.

Recent theoretical and numerical studies on laser-driven ion acceleration shows sub- relativistic ion acceleration with multistep acceleration schemes. The multistep acceleration with multiple laser pulses and multiple targets allow us to access the relativistic ion regime with the current and the future laser facilities. However, there is no relativistic ion detectors available in the field of laser ion acceleration. We have been developing energetic ion diagnostics using a combination of solid state nuclear path tracker and Thomson parabola, and scintillator base relativistic ion detectors commonly used in nuclear physics. We introduce our recent progress on the laser driven ion acceleration and the novel diagnostics., 日本物理学会2021年秋季大会

The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of prebiotic fibres on appetite-regulating hormones, subjective feeling of appetite and energy intake in subjects with type 2 diabetes. Data presented are secondary outcomes of a study investigating the effect of prebiotics on glucagon-like peptide-1 and glycaemic regulation. We conducted a randomised and placebo-controlled crossover trial to evaluate the effects of 16 g/d of inulin-type fructans or a control supplement (maltodextrin) for 6 weeks in randomised order, with a 4-week washout period in-between, on appetite in thirty-five men and women with type 2 diabetes. Data were collected at visits before and after each treatment: plasma concentration of the satiety-related peptides ghrelin and peptide YY (PYY) were assessed during a standardised mixed meal. The subjective sensation of appetite was evaluated in response to an ad libitum lunch by rating the visual analogue scale. Twenty-nine individuals (twelve women) were included in the analyses. Compared to control treatment, the prebiotics did not affect ghrelin (P =0⋅71) or the ratings of hunger (P = 0⋅62), satiety (P = 0⋅56), fullness (P = 0⋅73) or prospective food consumption (P = 0⋅98). Energy intake also did not differ between the treatments. However, the response of PYY increased significantly after the control treatment with mean (sem) 11⋅1 (4⋅3) pg/ml when compared to the prebiotics −0⋅3 (4⋅3) pg/ml (P = 0⋅013). We observed no effect of inulin-type fructans on appetite hormones, subjective feeling of appetite or energy intake in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Organic waste fractions such as sewage sludge, food waste and manure can be stabilized by anaerobic digestion (AD) to produce renewable energy in the form of biogas. Following AD, the digested solid fraction (digestate) is usually dewatered to reduce the volume before transportation. Post-AD treatments such as the Post-AD thermal hydrolysis process (Post-AD THP) have been developed to improve the dewatering, but the mode of action is not well understood. In this study, samples from 32 commercial full-scale plants were used to assess the impact of Post-AD THP on a broad range of raw materials. Maximum dewatered cake solids after Post-AD THP was predicted by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Post-AD THP changed the moisture distribution of the samples by increasing the free water fraction. A consistent improvement in predicted dewatered cake solids was achieved across the 32 samples tested, on average increasing the dry solids concentration by 87%. A full-scale trial showed that dewatering Post-AD THP digestate at 80 °C improved dewatered cake solids above the predictions by TGA at 35 °C. In conclusion, dewatered cake solids were significantly improved by Post-AD THP, reducing the volume of dewatered cake for disposal. © 2019 The Authors This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the CreativeCommons Attribution Licence (CC BY 4.0), which permits copying,adaptation and redistribution, provided the original work is properly cited(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). doi: 10.2166/wst.2019.379

Recently it was shown that injection of gas preliminary cooled down to cryogenic temperatures is a promising way to produce micron-scale clusters. For example, in hydrogen clusters with the size up to ≈2 μm were produced via a conical nozzle at 25 K, 6 MPa. Micron scale clusters can be also created with another pre-cooled gases, for example Ar or Kr, but for other temperature values. So large clusters diameter value becomes comparable with a waist width of a laser beam produced by the J-KAREN-P laser facility. As a result, an experimental case can occur, when most of the laser energy is absorbed in a single cluster. Such situation can be considered as an interaction of a laser pulse with matter, state of which is close to solid-state. In the presentation plasma X-ray spectra features indicating the described case of high-intensity laser and large-scale-cluster interaction are discussed. They were observed experimentally during irradiation of cryogenic (T = 140 K – 220 K) Ar flows by ultra-intensive (I = 10^22 W/cm^2) femtosecond laser pulses generated by the J-KAREN-P laser. Registered X-ray spectra of produced plasma contains Ar XVIII Ly-α and Ar XVII He-α of comparable intensities. It should be noted that the Ar XVIII Ly-α line has been for the first time observed in laser-matter interaction experiments. It indicates that the density of irradiated matter is high enough to provide a rate of impact ionization process, which is sufficient to create a significant amount of H-like Ar ions. It is a challenge to reach such condition for a pure gas or small clusters. Thus, the observed spectra are considered as an evidence of a large micron cluster existing in the beam waist region., International Conference on High Energy Density Sciences (HEDS2021)