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8 results on '"Office national de l'eau et des milieux aquatiques - ONEMA (FRANCE)"'

1. Ecological flows: the role of hydraulic habitat models within an integrated framework

Author

Laurence Tissot, V. Girard, Nicolas Lamouroux, P. Sagnes, Eric Sauquet, Hervé Capra, O. Prost, Y. Le Coarer, L. Navarro, Bénédicte Augeard, Philippe Baran, V. Gouraud, RiverLy (UR Riverly), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Risques, Ecosystèmes, Vulnérabilité, Environnement, Résilience (RECOVER), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Milieux aquatiques, écologie et pollutions (UR MALY), Office national de l'eau et des milieux aquatiques (ONEMA), Ministère de l'écologie, du développement durable et de l'énergie, Etudes et COnseils en Gestion de l'Environnement Aquatique - ECOGEA (FRANCE), Hydrobiologie (UR HYAX), Asconit consultants (FRANCE), Laboratoire National d’Hydraulique et Environnement (EDF R&D LNHE), EDF R&D (EDF R&D), EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF), Agence de l'eau Rhône Méditérranée Corse, Institut de mécanique des fluides de Toulouse (IMFT), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Hydrologie-Hydraulique (UR HHLY), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), ECOGEA (FRANCE), EDF (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), Institut national de Recherche en Sciences et Technologies pour l'Environnement et l'Agriculture - IRSTEA (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Agence de l'eau Rhône Méditerranée Corse (FRANCE), Office national de l'eau et des milieux aquatiques - ONEMA (FRANCE), Hydrobiologie - HYAX (Aix-en-Provence, France), Laboratoire National d'Hydraulique et d'Environnement - LNHE (Chatou, France), Institut de Mécanique des Fluides de Toulouse - IMFT (Toulouse, France), and Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, DEBIT RESERVE, Hydroélectricité, DEBIT DE COURS D'EAU, Mécanique des fluides, microhabitat, hydraulics, 0207 environmental engineering, Débit réservé, 02 engineering and technology, Aquatic Science, 01 natural sciences, water abstraction, Débits environnementaux, habitats, river flow, ENERGIE HYDROELECTRIQUE, HYDRAULIQUE, 14. Life underwater, environmental flows, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, 020701 environmental engineering, HABITAT, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Water Science and Technology, hydroelectricity, hydroelectric power, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Prélèvements d'eau, 15. Life on land, instream flows, 6. Clean water, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Microhabitat, ecology, ECOLOGIE
Abstract

National audience; Two complementary technical approaches are used worldwide to guide the definition of e-flows, at the scale of stream reaches and/or stream catchments. Hydrological approaches are based on the description of the alteration of many components of the flow regime; they rely on the (difficult) identification of relationships between flow alteration and biological alteration. Hydraulic-habitat approaches essentially deal with low to medium flow rates. They combine hydraulic models of reaches with biological models in order to translate some hydrological changes into habitat changes for aquatic organisms. They sometimes provided convincing predictions of the biological effects of low flow changes. These two approaches do not directly provide e-flow values. Here, we formalize a technical framework for defining e-flows, based on the comparison of management scenarios and an improved combination of hydrological and habitat approaches. Four steps are involved: (1) the description of the natural and current hydrological contexts, current water uses and management scenarios; (2) the description of the ecological context; (3) the identification of appropriate metrics (based on hydrology or habitat) to describe the effects of scenarios (changes in water uses and ecological effects); (4) the comparison of scenarios. Applying this framework requires expertise, well defined objectives shared by stakeholders and appropriate monitoring of e-flow implementation.; Deux types d’approches techniques complémentaires sont utilisées pour guider l’établissement des débits écologiques, à l’échelle des tronçons de cours d’eau (ex. : débits réservés) comme à l’échelle de bassins versants (ex. : débits objectifs d’étiage). Les approches « hydrologiques » visent à quantifier les altérations de multiples caractéristiques du régime hydrologique et reposent sur l’identification (délicate) de relations empiriques entre altérations hydrologiques et biologiques. Les approches « habitat hydraulique », ciblées sur les débits bas à moyens, couplent des modèles hydrauliques et des modèles biologiques pour traduire certaines modifications hydrologiques en modification de qualité de l’habitat hydraulique pour les organismes. Elles ont parfois apporté des prédictions convaincantes des effets biologiques des modifications de débits d’étiage. Ces deux approches techniques ne fournissent pas directement de valeurs de débits écologiques. Nous formalisons ici une démarche technique de définition des débits écologiques, basée sur la comparaison de scénarios de gestion et une meilleure combinaison des deux approches. La démarche comprend quatre étapes : (1) la description du contexte hydrologique naturalisé et actuel, des usages actuels et des scénarios de gestion envisagés (2) la description du contexte écologique au sens large, (3) l’identification des métriques pertinentes (hydrologiques et/ou habitats et/ou autres) pour décrire les effets des scénarios (modifications des usages, effets sur le milieu) et (4) la comparaison des scénarios. Cette démarche ne se passe pas d’expertise et doit s’accompagner d’une définition des objectifs partagée par les acteurs ainsi que de retours d’expérience, aspects non détaillés ici.

Published
2018
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2. Scale dependency in the hydromorphological control of a stream ecosystem functioning

Author

Jean-Marc Baudoin, Karl Kreutzenberger, Vincent Tamisier, Didier Lambrigot, Laurent Valette, Fanny Colas, Eric Chauvet, Frédéric Gob, Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Pôle d'Etudes et Recherches AFB-Irstea Hydroécologie des Plans d'eau (France), Agence Française pour la Biodiversité - AFB (FRANCE), Laboratoire de géographie physique : Environnements Quaternaires et Actuels (LGP), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Milieux aquatiques, écologie et pollutions (UR MALY), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Office national de l'eau et des milieux aquatiques (ONEMA), Ministère de l'écologie, du développement durable et de l'énergie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Institut national de Recherche en Sciences et Technologies pour l'Environnement et l'Agriculture - IRSTEA (FRANCE), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (FRANCE), Université Paris Est Créteil Val de Marne - UPEC (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Office national de l'eau et des milieux aquatiques - ONEMA (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), and Agence Française pour la Biodiversité (AFB)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Environmental Engineering, River ecosystem, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Drainage basin, Context (language use), [SDV.BID]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity, Scaling effect, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Rivers, Water Quality, Environmental monitoring, Leaf breakdown, Ecosystem, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, Milieux et Changements globaux, Multiple stressors, Waste Management and Disposal, Hydrologie, Water Science and Technology, Civil and Structural Engineering, Hydrology, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Ecological Modeling, Hydromorphology, fungi, food and beverages, 15. Life on land, Pollution, 6. Clean water, Habitat destruction, Habitat, Ecosystèmes, 13. Climate action, Ecosystem functioning, Environmental science, Water quality, Biodiversité, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract

[Departement_IRSTEA]Eaux [TR1_IRSTEA]QUASARE; International audience; Physical habitat degradation is prevalent in river ecosystems. Although still little is known about the ecological consequences of altered hydromorphology, understanding the factors at play can contribute to sustainable environmental management. In this study we aimed to identify the hydromorphological features controlling a key ecosystem function and the spatial scales where such linkages operate. As hydromorphological and chemical pressures often occur in parallel, we examined the relative importance of hydromorphological and chemical factors as determinants of leaf breakdown. Leaf breakdown assays were investigated at 82 sites of rivers throughout the French territory. Leaf breakdown data were then crossed with data on water quality and with a multi-scale hydro- morphological assessment (i.e. upstream catchment, river segment, reach and habitat) when quantitative data were available. Microbial and total leaf breakdown rates exhibited differential responses to both hydromorphological and chemical alterations. Relationships between the chemical quality of the water and leaf breakdown were weak, while hydromorphological integrity explained independently up to 84.2% of leaf breakdown. Hydrological and morphological parameters were the main predictors of microbial leaf breakdown, whereas hydrological parameters had a major effect on total leaf breakdown, particularly at large scales, while morphological parameters were important at smaller scales. Microbial leaf breakdown were best predicted by hydromorphological features defined at the upstream catchment level whereas total leaf breakdown were best predicted by reach and habitat level geomorphic variables. This study demonstrates the use of leaf breakdown in a biomonitoring context and the importance of hydromorphological integrity for the functioning of running water. It provides new insights for envi- ronmental decision-makers to identify the management and restoration actions that have to be un- dertaken including the hydromorphogical features that should be kept in minimal maintenance to support leaf breakdown.

Published
2017
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3. Efficiency of fish-friendly intakes, bypasses associated with low bar-spacing trashracks, for downstream migration of Atlantic salmon smolts

Author

Sagnes, Pierre, Tomanova, Sylvie, Courret, Dominique, Alric, Alain, De-Oliveira, Eric, Tétard, Stéphane, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), EDF (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Office national de l'eau et des milieux aquatiques - ONEMA (FRANCE), and Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE)

Subjects
Energy, Aquatic ecosystems, Mécanique des fluides, Safe water intakes, Fish downstream migration, Lessons learned, Hydropower
Abstract

Lessons learned about the efficiency of fish-friendly water intakes at 4 power plants in France.

Published
2016

4. Genetic characterization of introduced Tunisian and French populations of pike-perch (Sander lucioperca) by species-specific microsatellites and mitochondrial haplotypes

Author

Manuel Louati, Nicolas Poulet, Klaus Kohlmann, Oum Kalthoum Ben Hassine, Petra Kersten, Lilia Bahri-Sfar, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries - IGB (GERMANY), Office national de l'eau et des milieux aquatiques - ONEMA (FRANCE), Université de Tunis - El Manar (TUNISIA), Université de Tunis El Manar (UTM), Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Office national de l'eau et des milieux aquatiques (ONEMA), and Ministère de l'écologie, du développement durable et de l'énergie

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Genetics, Genetic diversity, Stocking, Cytochrome b, Strain (biology), Mécanique des fluides, Zander, Biology, North Africa, Nuclear markers, [SPI.MECA.MEFL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Fluids mechanics [physics.class-ph], Europe, 03 medical and health sciences, 030104 developmental biology, Population bottleneck, Genetic distance, Genetic drift, Evolutionary biology, Genetic structure, Animal Science and Zoology, 14. Life underwater, Genetic variability
Abstract

International audience; The pike-perch is among the economically most valuable fish species for both commercial and recreational fishermen. This could be seen as the main reason for its introductions into Western Europe (including France) and Tunisia. Knowledge of the genetic structure of the introduced populations is a prerequisite for their successful long-term management. The present study focuses on the genetic characterization of introduced Tunisian and French pike-perch populations using species-specific microsatellite loci and mitochondrial cytochrome b haplotypes in order to better understand their genetic relationships and to try to trace the origin of the Tunisian populations. Lowered levels of genetic diversity have been observed in the two introduced Tunisian populations and a farmed Czech strain compared to a native wild German population. The reduction of microsatellite genetic variability of these three populations was supported by a genetic bottleneck signature. In contrast, the French populations showed high genetic diversity, probably due to multiple introductions and admixture of genetically differing sources. A high genetic differentiation level (significant F-ST values) between most pike-perch populations and a high average accuracy of self-assignments of individuals to populations of their origin were observed, probably resulting from genetic drift. The average pairwise relatedness values and results of the structure analysis highlighted a closer relationship between Tunisian and French populations than between Tunisian and German ones. Indeed, the two Tunisian populations clustered together with the French populations on a Neighbour-Joining tree based on D-A genetic distances. This was also sustained by the distribution of cytochrome b haplotypes A and B in the studied populations. The present results demonstrate that, despite the genetic differences, the studied populations cluster according to their phylogeographic origin. The Tunisian populations seem to be introduced from a French hatchery where the brood stock had the haplotype B of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene.

Published
2016
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5. Next-generation monitoring of aquatic biodiversity using environmental DNA metabarcoding

Author

Philippe Geniez, Nicolas Poulet, Tiphaine Peroux, Anthony Olivier, Christine Argillier, Gordon H. Copp, Jean-Marc Baudoin, Manon Acqueberge, Alain J. Crivelli, Didier Pont, Tony Dejean, Pauline Jean, Pierre Taberlet, Eske Willerslev, Raphaël Civade, Philip Francis Thomsen, Jelger Herder, Eric Coissac, Frédéric Boyer, Nicolas Roset, Aurélien Besnard, Matthieu Le Brun, Coline Gaboriaud, Claude Miaud, Eva Bellemain, Alice Valentini, Peter Rask Møller, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), EDF (FRANCE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - INRA (FRANCE), Institut national de Recherche en Sciences et Technologies pour l'Environnement et l'Agriculture - IRSTEA (FRANCE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - IRD (FRANCE), Montpellier SupAgro (FRANCE), Université Grenoble Alpes - UGA (FRANCE), Centre for Environment, Fisheries & Aquaculture Science - CEFAS (UNITED KINGDOM), Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes - EPHE (FRANCE), Ecosphère (FRANCE), Office national de l'eau et des milieux aquatiques - ONEMA (FRANCE), RAVON (PAYS-BAS), Savoie Technolac (FRANCE), Tour du Valat - Centre de recherche pour la conservation des zones humides méditerranéennes (FRANCE), Trent University (USA), Université de Montpellier 3 (FRANCE), Université de Montpellier (FRANCE), Université de Savoie Mont Blanc - USMB (FRANCE), University of Copenhagen - UCPH (DENMARK), and Laboratoire d'écologie alpine - LECA (Grenoble, France)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Monitoring, Ecology (disciplines), Oceans and Seas, Biodiversité et Ecologie, Biodiversity, Fresh Water, Environmental DNA, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, DNA, Mitochondrial, Amphibians, 03 medical and health sciences, Environmental monitoring, Genetics, Animals, DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic, Wildlife management, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, DNA Primers, Ecology, Aquatic ecosystem, Fishes, 15. Life on land, Amphibian, 030104 developmental biology, Fish, 13. Climate action, Detection probability, Global biodiversity, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract

Global biodiversity in freshwater and the oceans is declining at high rates. Reliable tools for assessing and monitoring aquatic biodiversity, especially for rare and secretive species, are important for efficient and timely management. Recent advances in DNA sequencing have provided a new tool for species detection from DNA present in the environment. In this study, we tested whether an environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding approach, using water samples, can be used for addressing significant questions in ecology and conservation. Two key aquatic vertebrate groups were targeted: amphibians and bony fish. The reliability of this method was cautiously validated in silico, invitro and insitu. When compared with traditional surveys or historical data, eDNA metabarcoding showed a much better detection probability overall. For amphibians, the detection probability with eDNA metabarcoding was 0.97 (CI=0.90-0.99) vs. 0.58 (CI=0.50-0.63) for traditional surveys. For fish, in 89% of the studied sites, the number of taxa detected using the eDNA metabarcoding approach was higher or identical to the number detected using traditional methods. We argue that the proposed DNA-based approach has the potential to become the next-generation tool for ecological studies and standardized biodiversity monitoring in a wide range of aquatic ecosystems. see also the Perspective by Hoffmann, Schubert and Calvignac-Spencer.

Published
2015

6. Study on fish-friendly inclined and angled trashracks

Author

Raynal, Sylvain, Chatellier, Ludovic, Courret, Dominique, Larinier, Michel, David, Laurent, Office national de l'eau et des milieux aquatiques - ONEMA (FRANCE), Institut Pprime (PPRIME), Université de Poitiers-ENSMA-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hydrodynamique et Ecoulements Environnementaux (HydEE), Département Fluides, Thermique et Combustion (FTC), Université de Poitiers-ENSMA-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Poitiers-ENSMA-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pprime (PPRIME), Université de Poitiers-ENSMA-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Poitiers-ENSMA-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Office national de l'eau et des milieux aquatiques (ONEMA), and Ministère de l'écologie, du développement durable et de l'énergie

Subjects
Fish-friendly trashracks, Biodiversité et Ecologie, Water framework directive, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Génie des procédés, Head-losses, Inclined and angled trashracks
Abstract

International audience; This paper presents the results on trashrack head losses obtained by Raynal et al. [2013 a,b], [2014] for several configurations. More especially, it compares the head loss formulae proposed in these studies with various equations from the literature to improve energy losses prediction in fish-friendly configurations. These new predictive laws of head losses are applied to the renovation of a hydropower plant and show that inclined trashracks or angled trashracks with streamwise bars are reliable solutions when the bar spacing is reduced.

Published
2015
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7. Does the non-native European catfish Silurus glanis threaten French river fish populations ?

Author

Nicolas Poulet, Frédéric Santoul, Nicolas Guillerault, Stéphanie Boulêtreau, Sébastien Delmotte, Christine Lauzeral, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Modélisation et Analyses de Données en Environnement - MAD-Environnement (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Office national de l'eau et des milieux aquatiques - ONEMA (FRANCE), Evolution et Diversité Biologique - EDB (Toulouse, France), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), MAD-Environnement, Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Écologie des organismes aquatiques, Office national de l'eau et des milieux aquatiques (ONEMA), Ministère de l'écologie, du développement durable et de l'énergie-Ministère de l'écologie, du développement durable et de l'énergie, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées

Subjects
Biomass (ecology), animal structures, Control-impact analysis, biology, Biodiversité et Ecologie, Impact assessment, fungi, Fish species, Aquatic Science, biology.organism_classification, Fishery, Electrofishing, Alien predator, Species evenness, %22">Fish , 14. Life underwater, Species richness, Before-after analysis, Silurus, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Biological invasion, Catfish
Abstract

International audience; The European catfish, Silurus glanis, was widely introduced in western Europe, and it has now established self-sustaining populations in numerous large rivers of western France. Using data collected from surveys conducted by the French National Agency for Water and Aquatic Environment (Onema) from 1989 to 2010 in more than 500 sites throughout the country (10636 electrofishing surveys), we investigated the potential impact of the European catfish on fish communities in French rivers. In the first part of the analysis, we compared trends observed before and after the European catfish was established at given sites (before-after analysis). Species richness, evenness and diversity decreased significantly after the European catfish was established at 1.4%, 1.4% and 5.8% of the sites, respectively. Total fish biomass and density decreased significantly at 6.6% and 2.9% of the sites, respectively. In the second part of the analysis, we compared sites with European catfish against sites lacking European catfish during the same period (with-without analysis). Fish species richness was significantly higher in sites with European catfish. No significant differences in fish diversity, evenness, total fish biomass or density were found between sites with or without European catfish. While our results indicate that the European catfish may in a few cases impact fish communities or populations, it does not appear to be responsible for a countrywide collapse in fish assemblages.

Published
2015
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8. Y-chromosome descent clusters and male differential reproductive success: young lineage expansions dominate Asian pastoral nomadic populations

Author

Lluis Quintana-Murci, Patrice Gerard, Patricia Balaresque, Mark A. Jobling, Sylvain Cussat-Blanc, Evelyne Heyer, Nicolas Poulet, Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse (AMIS), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Leicester, Office national de l'eau et des milieux aquatiques (ONEMA), Ministère de l'écologie, du développement durable et de l'énergie, Real Expression Artificial Life (IRIT-REVA), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Génétique Evolutive Humaine - Human Evolutionary Genetics, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Eco-Anthropologie et Ethnobiologie (EAE), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Toulouse Mind & Brain Institut (TMBI), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), Institut Pasteur (FRANCE), Université de Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès - UT2J (FRANCE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole - UT1 (FRANCE), University of Leicester (UNITED KINGDOM), Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle - MNHN (FRANCE), Office national de l'eau et des milieux aquatiques - ONEMA (FRANCE), Université Paris Descartes - Paris V (FRANCE), Institut de Recherche en Informatique de Toulouse - IRIT (Toulouse, France), and Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE)

Subjects
Male, Pastoralism, Reproductivesuccess, Biology, Y chromosome, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Article, Haplogroup, Lineage (anthropology), [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI], Traitement des images, 03 medical and health sciences, Asian People, [INFO.INFO-TS]Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing, Genetics, Traitement du signal et de l'image, Humans, H- INFORMATIQUE, Synthèse d'image et réalité virtuelle, Y-chromosome, Phylogeny, Genetics (clinical), 030304 developmental biology, Transients and Migrants, 0303 health sciences, Chromosomes, Human, Y, Geography, Reproductive success, Reproduction, 030305 genetics & heredity, Haplotype, [INFO.INFO-CV]Computer Science [cs]/Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition [cs.CV], Vision par ordinateur et reconnaissance de formes, Intelligence artificielle, [INFO.INFO-GR]Computer Science [cs]/Graphics [cs.GR], Haplotypes, Evolutionary biology, [INFO.INFO-TI]Computer Science [cs]/Image Processing [eess.IV], Microsatellite, Microsatellite haplotypes, Microsatellite Repeats
Abstract

International audience; High-frequency microsatellite haplotypes of the male-specific Y-chromosome can signal past episodes of high reproductive success of particular men and their patrilineal descendants. Previously, two examples of such successful Y-lineages have been described in Asia, both associated with Altaic-speaking pastoral nomadic societies, and putatively linked to dynasties descending, respectively, from Genghis Khan and Giocangga. Here we surveyed a total of 5321 Y-chromosomes from 127 Asian populations, including novel Y-SNP and microsatellite data on 461 Central Asian males, to ask whether additional lineage expansions could be identified. Based on the most frequent eight-microsatellite haplotypes, we objectively defined 11 descent clusters (DCs), each within a specific haplogroup, that represent likely past instances of high male reproductive success, including the two previously identified cases. Analysis of the geographical patterns and ages of these DCs and their associated cultural characteristics showed that the most successful lineages are found both among sedentary agriculturalists and pastoral nomads, and expanded between 2100 BCE and 1100 CE. However, those with recent origins in the historical period are almost exclusively found in Altaic-speaking pastoral nomadic populations, which may reflect a shift in political organisation in pastoralist economies and a greater ease of transmission of Y-chromosomes through time and space facilitated by the use of horses.

Published
2015
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