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The importance of functional foods, Except for their nutritional role, is due to providing physiological benefits or reducing the risk of chronic diseases. Cake is a popular product among consumer meals. Therefore, reducing the amount of sucrose in the cake by making it functional with citrus fiber and essential oils is an effective step in the grain industry. The breakfast cakes containing isomalt, orange fiber and cinnamon essential oil were prepared in 8 groups. The physicochemical, color and sensory properties of breakfast cakes were investigated. The results showed that the pH of the prepared cakes was not significantly different from the control group (p>0.05). While the variables of orange fiber, isomalt, and cinnamon essential oil were effective in maintaining the moisture content of cakes (p<0.05). As expected, the fiber content of breakfast cakes increased with the addition of orange fiber (p<0.05). The fat and protein content of the treatments was lower than the control sample The protein of the treatments did not have a significant difference (p>0.05); however, they showed a significant difference with the control treatment(p<0.05), but their ash was significantly higher than these groups (p<0.05). A significant decrease in sucrose content was reported by replacing part of it by isomalt (p<0.05). Improvement in baking volume and weight loss of breakfast cakes containing orange fiber, isomalt, and cinnamon essence was also reported (p<0.05). Examining the color index of breakfast cakes showed an increase in the L* and b* values while the a* value decreased (p<0.05). Sensory evaluation showed an increase in the acceptability of cakes containing orange fiber, isomalt, and cinnamon essential oil compared to the control sample. Considering the total results, the breakfast cake containing 2% orange fiber, 2% isomalt, and 0.1% cinnamon essence was introduced as the best treatment in this research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the current study was to investigate the suitability of Ziziphora tenuior essential oil (ZEO) as a preservative. For this purpose, the effect of free and microencapsulated ZEO, combined with orange fiber, was determined on the chemical and microbial qualities of cooked beef sausage. In this study, modified starch was used for encapsulation of essential oil, and subsequently, 0.5% ZEO and 1% orange fiber were used for preparing cooked beef sausages during 60 days of storage at 4°C. To assess the microbial quality of samples, total viable count (TVC), psychrophilic count (PSY), and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were analyzed. Furthermore, peroxide value (PV) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were tested to examine lipid oxidation. The most components of ZEO were pulegone (47.12%), isomenthone (14.57%), and 1,8‐cineole (12.84%) according to GC–MS analysis. The reducing power, DPPH radical scavenging activity, MIC, and MBC of ZEO were 16.44 (EC50), 8.36 (IC50), 0.625–2.5, and 1.25–5 mg/ml, respectively. Moreover, sausage containing 0.5% microencapsulated ZEO in combination with 1% orange fiber showed the best results with the following values (p ≤.05): TVC (3.69 log CFU/g), PSY (3.51 log CFU/g), LAB (3.1 log CFU/g), PV (10.41 meq/kg lipid), and TBARS (3.1 mg MDA/kg). This is due to the antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of microencapsulated essential oil. Therefore, the results of the present study can be applied in the meat industries as a new natural preservation method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the effect of orange fiber (dietary fiber source) addition on gluten free batters from rice flour and buckwheat flour rheological properties was investigated by using LAOS method. The effect of different amount dietary fiber on some quality parameters (textural properties, specific volume) of gluten free cakes were also investigated. Gluten-free cake batters were formulated by replacing buckwheat flour with orange fiber at different levels (0%, 4%, 8%, 12% and 16%). Results showed an increase in storage (G') and loss (G") moduli values with the addition of dietary fiber in the gluten free batter. All gluten-free cake batter samples showed linear viscoelastic properties at small strain amplitudes but rheological properties enters the non-linear region by increasing strain amplitude. Increaing the dietary fiber amount caused to increase in specific volume (P <0.05) of gluten free cakes and decrease in hardness value (P <0.05) of cakes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, sucuk samples with different orange fiber (0%, 2% and 4%) and fat (sheep tail fat) levels (10%, 15% and 20%) were produced and textural parameters were investigated during ripening time. Use of orange fiber significantly affected hardness, chewiness, gumminess and resilience parameters in all groups (P<0.01). The highest hardness score was detected in samples containing 4% orange fiber. In contrast, no statistically significant effect of fat usage was observed on hardness (P>0.05). While textural parameters, adhesiveness, springiness, chewiness, gumminess and resilience, were affected (P<0.01) by fat level, cohesiveness was not significantly affected by fat level (P>0.05). However, ripening time was the most effective factor on all textural parameters (P<0.01). While a permanent increase was observed in hardness, adhesiveness, gumminess and chewiness values of all samples during ripening the highest value (increase) was determined in hardness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the effects of fat (10, 15 and 20%) and orange fiber (0, 2 and 4%) levels on volatile compounds of sucuk (Turkish dry-fermented sausage) were investigated. The volatile compound profile of sucuk samples was analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) by using a solid phase microextraction (SPME). 75 volatile compounds were identified in the sucuk samples. The volatile compounds identified were 11 aldehydes, 7 aliphatic hydrocarbons, 2 acids, 10 esters, 1 furan, 5 alcohols, 8 aromatic hydrocarbons, 6 ketones, 6 sulphur compounds, and 19 terpenes. It was determined that the use of orange fiber had significant (P<0.05) effects on a few volatile compounds (allyl methyl sulfide, copaene and caryophyllene). Alpha-thujene was significantly affected by fat level (P<0.05). Fat level also showed very significant effect on p-xylene and allyl methyl sulfide (P<0.01). As result, orange fiber and fat level had no significant effects on volatile profile of sucuk samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of dietary fiber enrichment on non-linear viscoelastic behavior of gluten-free cake batters by using Large Amplitude Oscillatory Shear (LAOS) analysis. Textural properties and specific volume of gluten-free cakes were also determined to investigate the possible correlations with LAOS parameters. Gluten-free cake batters were formulated by replacing buckwheat flour with two different dietary fiber sources, namely orange fiber (OF) and orange pomace powder (OPP) at five different levels (0%, 4%, %8, %12 and 16%). All gluten-free cake batter samples exhibited linear viscoelastic properties at small strain amplitudes but rheological properties enters the non-linear region by increasing strain amplitude. The Lissajous-Bowditch curves revealed that stored energy increased by increasing dietary fiber amount and gluten-free cake batters became more elastic in the non-linear region. The normalized elastic Chebyshev coeffients (e 3 /e 1) indicated the strain hardening behavior of cake batters at small strain amplitudes shifted to strain softening in the non-linear region. The e 3 /e 1 and v 3 /v 1 ratios as a function of strain amplitude indicated that non-linearity is more pronounced in the elastic component compared to the viscous component. The S and T values calculated at 50% strain amplitude showed strong correlation with water retention capacity, hardness and specific volume of gluten-free cakes enriched with OF whereas softer correlations were obtained for the OPP-containing ones due to elastic instability of the batters. Principal component (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) were performed to provide basic graphical comparison of the differences/similarities between non-linear rheological properties of gluten-free cake batters by considering LAOS parameters. The viscoelastic properties of the cake batters containing 16% OPP were found to be suitable for high gas retention capacity since the highest cake specific volume was obtained. • Effect of different dietary fiber addition on rheological properties of cake batters was investigated. • Rheological characterization of gluten-free cake batters were carried out by LAOS analysis. • Quality properties of cakes were also determined to investigate correlation with LAOS data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]