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Background: Birth weight is the first weight of the fetus or newborn obtained after birth preferably measured within the first hour of life before significant postnatal weight loss has occurred. Aim of the work: This study was conducted in order to assess the role of measurement of placental thickness and diameter at the third trimester using two dimensional ultrasound in determination of low birth weight. Patients and methods: This study was carried out at Sayed Galal University Hospital and Damanhour Teaching Hospital on "400" uncomplicated pregnant women who was attend the outpatient clinic at Sayed Galal University Hospital and Damanhour Teaching Hospital, two dimensional ultrasound measurement of placental thickness and diameter was done to assess its role in determination of low birth weight. Results: The results of this study show that there were significant positive correlations between neonatal weight and GA, Placental diameter, Placental thickness, Biparietal diameter, Femur length & Abdominal circumference (P 0.05). Also our results shows that there was no statistical significant difference according to parity regarding fetal and placental measures. The results show that there was no statistical significant difference according to fetal sex regarding placental measures (P > 0.05). Conclusion: The result of this study shows a strong positive correlation between neonatal weight and placental thickness, so placental thickness measured at the level of umbilical cord insertion can be used as an accurate sonographic indicator in the assessment of fetal weight.

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is considered a common complication in pregnancy, affecting greater than 10% pregnancies worldwide. However, the definitive underlying causes still not fully explained. Objectives: This study aimed to detect the predictive value of uric acid level at first trimester in development of GDM. Patients and Methods: The study was conducted on 300 first trimester pregnant females attending the Outpatient Clinic of Al-Azhar University Hospital. All cases underwent measurement of first trimester serum uric acid level. Between 24 and 28 weeks of gestation glucose challenge test was done. Positive cases underwent confirmation by 3 h glucose tolerance test. Results: The Pearson’s test showed that there was a highly significant correlation between serum uric acid at first trimester and plasma glucose levels at 24-28 weeks. Conclusion: There is increased risk in development of GDM with the increase in uric acid level at the first trimester.

Background: The night eating syndrome (NES) was first described in 1955 as a disorder characterized by morning anorexia, evening hyperphagia, and insomnia among obese individuals characterized by unsuccessful weight management. The night eating syndrome (NES) appears to be associated with obesity. This study was primarily undertaken to study the prevalence of Night eating syndrome (NES). Method: Three humdered out of a total of 400 undergraduate medical students voluntarily participated in this cross sectional survey conducted online (self-rated) at a reputed university in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Socio-demographic details were recorded on a semi-structured performa. SCOFF was administered to find those at risk of eating disorder. Night eating syndrome questionnaire (NEQ) was used to screen those who had NES. Result: 58% of the sample was male. The mean weight of the total sample was 70.23 (males 79.15 and females 57.9). The mean body mass index was 25.09 for male and 22.64 female. 21% were found to be overweight and 14.3% were obese. The prevalence of NES in the study was 10.3% with comparatively men being at higher risk for NES. Conclusion: High prevalence of obesity and overweight in the sample was similar to what has been reported in the Saudi population. Comparatively high prevalence of NES was found in this study but it was not associated with BMI.

STUDY DESIGN Retrospective, cross-sectional study. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the feasibility of two screws anterior fixation of the odontoid process among Arab adults. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Anterior screw fixation is the treatment of choice for type II odontoid fractures. In order to perform the procedure safely, the diameter of the odontoid process should be wide enough to allow for the placement of one or two screws. METHODS A retrospective review of 156 computed tomography scans of the cervical spine was done. The included patients were Arabs, adults (at least 18 years old), and had no evidence of upper cervical spine trauma, deformity, infection, tumor, or surgery. The minimum external transverse diameter (METD), minimum internal transverse diameter (MITD), minimum external anteroposterior diameter (MEAD), and minimum internal anteroposterior diameter (MIAD) of the odontoid process were measured. A P value of ≤0.05 was considered as the cutoff level of statistical significance. RESULTS Our study included 94 (60.3%) males and 62 (39.7%) females. The mean age of the subjects was 37.8 ± 16.9 years (range 18-85). The mean values of the METD, MITD, MEAD, and MIAD were 8.7 ± 1.0 mm, 6.0 ± 1.1 mm, 10.3 ± 1.0 mm, and 7.4 ± 1.1 mm, respectively. Men had larger diameters compared to women. This was statistically significant for METD (P = 0.035) and MEAD (P

Background Transpedicular screw fixation of the cervical spine provides excellent biomechanical stability. The feasibility of inserting a 3.5-mm screw in the pedicle requires a minimum pedicle diameter of 4.5 mm. This diameter allows at least 0.5 mm bony bridge medially and laterally in order to avoid pedicle violation which can result in neurovascular complications. We aim to evaluate the feasibility of this technique in Arab people since no data are available about this population. Materials and methods This cross-sectional study involved a retrospective review of computed tomography scans of normal cervical spines of 99 Arab adults. Ten morphometric measurements were obtained. Data were analyzed using a p value of ≤0.05 as the cut-off level of statistical significance. Results Our sample included 63 (63.6 %) males and 36 (36.4 %) females, with a mean age of 35.5 ± 16.5 years. The morphometric parameters of C3–C7 spine pedicles were larger in males than in females. The outer pedicle width (OPW) was 25 % of all subjects at C3–C6 vertebrae. Statistically significant differences in the OPW between males and females were noted at C3 (p = 0.032) and C6 (p = 0.004). Conclusions Inserting pedicle screws in the subaxial cervical spine is feasible among the majority of Arab people. Level of evidence Level 3.