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3 results on '"Osburn, Andrew"'

1. Multi‐state survey to identify suspected resistance to four herbicides and one plant growth regulator in Poa annua.

Author

Bowling, Rebecca G., McCurdy, James D., de Castro, Edicarlos, Patton, Aaron J., Brosnan, James T., Askew, Shawn D., Breeden, Gregory K., Elmore, Matthew T., Gannon, Travis W., Gonçalves, Clebson G., Kaminski, John E., Kowalewski, Alec R., Liu, Wenwen, Mattox, Clint M., McCarty, Lambert B., McCullough, Patrick E., McElroy, J. Scott, McKeithen, Chase, Osburn, Andrew, and Rogers, Ronald R.

Abstract

Plain Language Summary: Poa annua is a troublesome weed in turfgrass areas such as golf courses, athletic fields, lawns, and sod farms. Controlling P. annua is made more difficult by the growing problem of herbicide resistance, the inherited ability of plants to survive herbicide applications that would normally be lethal. Researchers from 13 academic institutions collected 866 P. annua populations from different states and turfgrass systems to better understand the extent of this problem. Collections were divided and treated with four herbicides and one plant growth regulator. Plants were categorized as “susceptible” or “suspected resistant” based on their response to treatments. Suspected resistance (to at least one or more treatments) was observed in 16.8% of P. annua collections. Herbicide resistance in P. annua is a problem spanning different geographies and management practices. Therefore, coordinated research is needed to explore the scope and nature of the problem in a systematic way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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2. Annual bluegrass cross resistance to prodiamine and pronamide in the southern United States

Author

Osburn, Andrew W., Bowling, Rebecca G., Unruh, J. Bryan, McKeithen, Chase, Hathcoat, Daniel, and Bagavathiannan, Muthukumar

Abstract

AbstractAnnual bluegrass is one of the most problematic weeds in the turfgrass industry, exhibiting both cross-resistance and multiple-herbicide resistance. Prodiamine, pronamide, and indaziflam are commonly used preemergence herbicides for the control of this species on golf courses in the southern United States. There have been increasing anecdotal reports of annual bluegrass populations escaping control with these herbicides, but resistance has yet to be confirmed. To evaluate the response of annual bluegrass to three herbicides, populations were collected from golf courses, athletic fields, and landscape areas in Texas and Florida, and a dose-response assay was conducted on populations that were suspected to be resistant to and known to be susceptible to prodiamine, pronamide, and indaziflam. The suspected-resistant populations showed survival to prodiamine at 32 times the recommended field rate (both populations from Florida and Texas) of 736 g ai ha−1, and to pronamide at 32 times (the Florida populations) or 16 times (the Texas populations) the recommended field rate of 1,156 g ha−1. In contrast, the known susceptible populations attained 100% mortality at rates as low as 46 and 578 g ha−1, respectively, from applications of prodiamine and pronamide. For indaziflam, the suspected-resistant populations showed reduced sensitivity up to the recommended field rate of 55 g ha−1, but they were controlled when treated with a rate twice that of the field rate. Overall, annual bluegrass populations with resistance to prodiamine and pronamide, and reduced sensitivity to indaziflam (at the recommended field rate) were confirmed from golf courses in Florida and Texas. In the presence of herbicide-resistant annual bluegrass populations, especially to commonly used herbicides such as prodiamine and pronamide, turfgrass managers should adopt integrated management strategies and frequently rotate herbicide sites of action, rather than relying solely on microtubule-assembly inhibitors or cellulose biosynthesis inhibitors, to control this species.

Published
2024
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3. Understanding Weed Species Diversity in Railroad Crossing Rights-of-way

Author

Osburn, Andrew Wesley

Subjects
Agronomy, Agriculture, Ecology
Abstract

Studies were conducted from 2017 through 2019 with the objectives of: (1) determining the impacts of industrial vegetation management on weed species diversity in railroad crossing rights-of-way in urban and rural environments; and (2) determining the herbicide resistance characteristics in Ohio populations of redroot pigweed. A multiple phase study was conducted from spring of 2018 through the spring of 2019 at a total of ten railroad crossing rights-of-way. The goal of this research was to gain a better understanding of weed species found in railroad crossing rights-of-way with the following objectives: (1) determine the effect of intensity of herbicide use on plant species diversity at railroad crossings; (2) determine the difference in plant species diversity between urban and rural railroad crossings along one continuous central Ohio rail corridor; and (3) characterize the plant populations present in the seedbank for their response to glyphosate (site 9, 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase inhibitor) and other herbicide sites of action. There was no difference in weed species diversity between intense and moderate management zone seedbanks based on Shannon’s Index (H’) = 1.36 vs 1.54. Urban sites had greater diversity, H’ = 1.64, than rural sites, H’ = 1.26. Application of glyphosate at 1.7 kg ae/ha controlled most species that grew in soil samples, with some exceptions, notably horseweed and waterhemp. The progeny of the glyphosate-tolerant horseweed population was resistant to glyphosate (site 9) and to cloransulam-methyl (site 2), while being susceptible to atrazine (site 5). The progeny of the glyphosate-tolerant waterhemp population was resistant to glyphosate, while being susceptible to atrazine and fomesfen (site 14). These findings further demonstrate the importance of understanding how human activity and industrial herbicide applications shape plant communities and the implication that has on industrial, non-crop environments. A study was conducted in 2017 and 2018 to determine the frequency of herbicide resistance in redroot pigweed populations collected from Ohio soybean fields. The goal of this study was to characterize the response of Ohio redroot pigweed populations to three herbicide sites of action: glyphosate (site 9, 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase inhibitor), imazethapyr (site 2, acetolactate synthase inhibitor), and fomesafen (site 14, protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitor). The 2016 redroot pigweed populations expressed resistance to at least one site-of-action in 60% of populations. Resistance to glyphosate, imazethapyr, fomesafen, and multiple sites occurred in 30, 33, 10, and 23% of populations, respectively. In 2017, resistance to at least one site of action occurred in 52% of populations screened. Resistance to glyphosate, imazethapyr, fomesafen, and multiple sites occurred in 33, 24, 5, and 5% of populations, respectively. These results indicate that herbicide-resistant redroot pigweed populations are occurring in farm fields across the state of Ohio and could prove costly to farmers if not properly managed and monitored.

Published
2019

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