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Over the past few years, supply chains have become globalised and multi-tiered. These factors complicate their structure as the focal company is responsible for the problems experienced at each stage in the multi-tier supply chain. The critical issue for focal companies in managing their multi-tier supply chain is to adopt sustainability standards. One of the study's contributions is the role of weight determination in the tiers and evaluation of alternative suppliers in facilitating the effective management of multi-tier supply chains, especially in complex industries such as the food industry. The other contribution of this study is its proposition for a multi-stage framework based on sustainability concerns. The study identifies 14 criteria for companies in diffusing sustainability standards throughout multi-tier supply chains. The weights of these criteria are determined for each tier of the food supply chain using the Best Worst Method. Results show that the 'environmental' criteria are most important for supply chain tiers in the food industry. Supply chain visibility/traceability is the most important criteria for the first tier, followed by environmental responsibilities, for the second and environmental competencies for the third. Finally, for the food company, PROMETHEE is used to evaluate three alternative suppliers for each tier. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 outbreak has revealed weaknesses in the supply chains (SCs) and how easily it can be influenced by these disruptions. Food supply chains (FSCs) is one of the most affected SCs, and it needs to be more resilient against SC disruptions because their vulnerable structure such as having perishable products. Therefore, this article aims to uncover the need for resilience in FSCs during the COVID-19 outbreak. For this purpose, the enablers of resilience on FSCs are determined after a detailed examination of the current literature. Then, the graph theory matrix approach has been used to reveal the relationships between these enablers and investigate importance of enablers of resilience in FSCs during COVID-19 outbreak. It is significant to determine preference of enablers and rank of importance to take actions effectively. Depending on the results, the rank orders of the enablers are classified as readiness, collaboration with stakeholders, IT alignment, risk aware, responsiveness, flexibility, appearance and sustainability, respectively. Suggested implications can be provided benefits for policymakers and managers in FSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

COVID‐19, which is a global problem, affects the all supply chains throughout the world. One of the supply chains most affected by COVID‐19 is food supply chains. Since the sustainable food supply chain processes are complex and vulnerable in terms of product variety, it has been negatively affected by the operational effects of COVID‐19. While the problems experienced in the supply chain processes and raw material constraints caused stops in production, the importance of new business models and production approaches came to the fore. One of the issues of increasing importance is the adoption of reverse logistics activities in sustainable food supply chains and increasing the resilience of food supply chains by integrating blockchain technology into processes. However, adapting blockchain technology to increase the resilience of reverse logistics activities in the food supply chain has advantages as well as risks that need to be considered. Therefore, it is aimed to determine these risks by using fuzzy synthetic evaluation method for eliminating the risks of blockchain adaptation for flexible reverse logistics in food supply chains to increase resiliency. The novelty of this study is that besides discussing about the benefits of BC‐T, it is to identify the risks it can create, to eliminate these risks and to guide the establishment of resilience in reverse logistics activities of SFSCs. According to results, the risks with the highest value among the subrisks are determined as data security risks. Data management risks are calculated as the risk with the highest value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, it has become an important issue to ensure sustainability, especially in food supply chains, against the rapidly growing population, increasing demand, and sudden disruptions caused by uncertain times such as that caused by COVID-19. Since food supply chains has vulnerable products and processes, it is critical to understand the sustainability factors of food supply chains especially in uncertain times such during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to determine sustainability factors of food supply chains. An Interpretive Structural Modelling method is used to state the relations between sustainability factors of food supply chains. As a result of the study, Information Sharing and Managerial Approaches are classified as driving factors; Food Safety and Security, Know-How Transfer, Logistics Networking, Risk Mitigation, Employee Commitment, Innovation, Traceability and Responsiveness are categorized as linkage factors. This article will be beneficial for managers in helping them develop sustainable food supply chains during uncertain times by focusing on traceability, information sharing, know-how transfer, food safety and security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]