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This article analyses the New Pact on Migration and Asylum which was released by the European Commission on 23 September 2020. It seeks to find out which problems the New Pact aims to address, how it intends to do so, and whether its proposals are likely to succeed in this. It does so by first laying out the current system which is being targeted for legislative reform and putting it into a historical context to explain why change is called for. It then describes the scope of the policy proposals within the New Pact and identifies where the biggest and most important changes are found. Finally, it assesses the reactions from external actors and offers remarks into what challenges and potential necessary amendments lie ahead. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we offer an analysis of the increasing role of NGOs in international public law and assess whether NGOs can be considered subjects of international law. We give a brief overview of how modern NGOs came into being in the 19th century, and how they gained prominence on the world stage with the growth of international public law in the 20th. Using the examples of Interpol and the International Federation of the Red Cross, we give our view on the debate concerning whether these as NGOs can be considered subjects of international law. As we subscribe to the definition of professor Besteliu that NGOs must be a creation of „legal personalit[ies] registered in the domestic legal order of a state" we come to the conclusion that, although the importance of NGOs has grown tremendously in an international legal context, currently no NGO can be subject of international law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study our aim is to make a comparison between the refugee concept according to the Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees from 1951 and its Protocol from 1967 which represent the international approach and the refugee concept according to European Law (the EU Treaties, EU Directives, the Dublin Regulation). This parallel will present first of all the similarities between the international approach and the European approach such as: the definition of a refugee; the conditions required to obtain refugee status; the definition of the term injury; same request for international protection; same parameteres used to verify the existence of persecution; the conditions of cessation and the non refoulement principle. Second of all the we will present the differences between the international approach and the European approach. European law completes the Convention and introduces new principles such as: subsidiary protection; temporary protection; different degrees of protection offered to refugees; the term persectution is defined; the motivation behind persecution is defined; recognising as persecution also the acts toward gender and children. Furthermore the cessation clause and the exclusion clause are defined differently in European law in comparison to the definition given by the Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees from 1951 and its Protocol from 1967. Lastly we will conclude with a set of recommendations for both the Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees as well as for the European asylum system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study we will analyse UNHCR and Non-Governmental Organizations role and their joint efforts in tackling the European refugee crisis from it's inception until present times. Their work is extremely important because even if the recommendations made by UNHCR together with NGOs are not legally binding they still represent important tools available and at the disposal of member states. Furthermore the field work that they perform is of vital importance for the well-being of refugees. We will conclude this study with a set of recommendations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]