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Additional file 1: Table S1. Composition (wt. %) of the glass support of each sample as obtained by μ-EDXRF.

Aquest treball presenta els resultats de l’estudi arqueomètric portat a terme en mostres de mosaics romans procedents d’Itàlica i Carmona (Sevilla). L’objectiu principal de l’estudi va consistir en la caracterització químico-física de tessel. les de vidre i fragments de morter per a determinar la seva composició, avaluar el seu estat de conservació i estudiar la seva tecnologia de fabricació. Les mostres es varen caracteritzar mitjançant lupa binocular, microscòpia electrònica de rastreig i microanàlisi de dispersió d’energia de raigs X, espectrofotometria visible, difracció de raigs X i anàlisi petrogràfic. Els resultats varen indicar que les tessel. les es realitzaren amb vidre de silicat sòdic càlcic, tot i que una d’elles va mostrar elevats continguts d’òxids de plom i coure. Les mostres procedents d’Itàlica presentaren una menor degradació que les de Carmona, com a conseqüència de la humitat retinguda per el mosaic. Així mateix, els resultats varen indicar que en les tessel. les es va fer servir un vidre d’inferior qualitat tècnica que l’emprat en peces de vaixella., Este trabajo presenta los resultados del estudio arqueométrico realizado en muestras de mosaicos romanos procedentes de Itálica y Carmona (Sevilla). El objetivo principal del estudio consistió en la caracterización químico-física de teselas de vidrio y fragmentos de mortero para determinar su composición, evaluar su estado de conservación y estudiar su tecnología de fabricación. Las muestras se caracterizaron mediante lupa binocular, microscopía electrónica de barrido y microanálisis de dispersión de energía de rayos X, espectrofotometría visible, difracción de rayos X y análisis petrográfico. Los resultados indicaron que las teselas se realizaron con vidrio de silicato sódico cálcico, aunque una de ellas mostró elevados contenidos de óxidos de plomo y cobre. Las muestras procedentes de Itálica presentaron una menor degradación que las de Carmona, como consecuencia de la humedad retenida por el mosaico. Asimismo, los resultados indicaron que en las teselas se utilizó un vidrio de inferior calidad técnica que el empleado en piezas de vajilla. Resum: This work reports results of the archaeometric study carried out on Roman mosaic samples from Italica and Carmona (Spain). The main objective of the research was the chemical-physical characterization of both glass tesserae and mortar fragments to determine their composition, to evaluate their state of conservation and to study their production technology. Samples were characterized by binoculare glass, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry, visible spectrophotometry, X-ray diffraction and petrographic analysis. Results indicated that tesserae were made with soda-lime silicate glass, even though one of them showed high contents of lead and copper oxides. Italica samples showed a lower degradation than those from Carmona, as a consequence of humidity retained by the mosaic. Results also indicated that glass used in tesserae had a lower technical quality than that used in tableware pieces.

Additional file 1: Fig. S1. Distribution inside each desiccator during the (a) First test: selection of the best formic sink, (b) Second test: Optimization of silica gel. Fig. 2. SEM image of (a) the silica gel surface and (b) the deposits formed. Fig. 3. SEM image of the steel (a) before the test and (b) after the test. Table 1. Assignment of FTIR-ATR bands for silica gel.

UID/EAT/00729/2019 PD/BD/136673/2018 Grisaille is one of the oldest and most widely used vitreous paint applied for the production of stained-glass panels and Debitus is one of the most renowned commercial brands whose grisailles are frequently used for the chromatic reintegration in stained-glass window restoration. This article presents the morphological, chemical and thermal analyses of five grisailles from Debitus, to evaluate their properties before and after firing with the objective of knowing their future stability. The characterisation was carried out by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, particle induced X-ray emission, X-ray diffraction, and infrared thermography. This study showed a well-balanced ratio between the different components and a good interdiffusion into the glass, as well as a consistent thermal behaviour between them and with the glass, which indicates the good stability and durability of these materials. publishersversion published

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UID/EAT/00729/2019 SFRH/BPD/108403/2015 publishersversion published

The main purpose of this research is to understand the production of glass in Portugal during the 18th and the 20th centuries with the aim of assessing the best procedures to be adopted in the conservation of this important legacy. This study starts with the reproduction of glass recipes existing in the Portuguese arcana, a kind of a secret notebook about glass production. With the reproduction of these recipes, it will be possible to initiate a systematic study of the glass production in Portugal, during the mentioned chronological period. This research is important not only for the history of glass in Portugal but also for the production of glass in Europe during the 18th to the 20th centuries. Through the studies already carried out about the arcana, it was possible to observe a great richness and complexity in these documents, with much information yet to be revealed about the industrial production of glass in Portugal. The ultimate goal is to establish hypotheses for the provenance of some glass objects present in Portuguese museums using an archaeometric approach to compare the reproduced glasses with the historical ones. publishersversion published