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BackgroundGastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most common type of cancer and the fourth most common cause of cancer-related mortality. Although the risk of GC and peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is known to be increased by H. pylori infection, evidence regarding the direct relationship between PUD and GC across ethnicities is inconclusive. Therefore, we investigated the association between PUD and GC in the Stomach cancer Pooling (StoP) consortium.MethodsHistory of peptic ulcer disease was collected using a structured questionnaire in 11 studies in the StoP consortium, including 4106 GC cases and 6922 controls. The two-stage individual-participant data meta-analysis approach was adopted to generate a priori. Unconditional logistic regression and Firth's penalized maximum likelihood estimator were used to calculate study-specific odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between gastric ulcer (GU)/duodenal ulcer (DU) and risk of GC.ResultsHistory of GU and DU was thoroughly reported and used in association analysis, respectively, by 487 cases (12.5%) and 276 controls (4.1%), and 253 cases (7.8%) and 318 controls (6.0%). We found that GU was associated with an increased risk of GC (OR = 3.04, 95% CI: 2.07-4.49). No association between DU and GC risk was observed (OR = 1.03, 95% CI: 0.77-1.39).ConclusionsIn the pooled analysis of 11 case-control studies in a large consortium (i.e., the Stomach cancer Pooling (StoP) consortium), we found a positive association between GU and risk of GC and no association between DU and GC risk.

Background: Colorectal cancer is one of the leading cancers worldwide and in Vietnam. Adenomas are important precursors of colorectal cancer. Study on the association between sleep duration and development of colorectal adenoma (CRA) is limited, particularly among Vietnamese population. Methods: We conducted an individually matched case-control study of 870 CRA cases and 870 controls in a large-scale colorectal screening program involving 103,542 individuals ages =40 years old in Hanoi, Vietnam. Sleep duration was categorized in three groups: short: =6 hours/day, normal: 7 to 8 hours/day, and long: >8 hours/day. Conditional logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between sleep duration and adenomas risk after controlling for potential confounders. Results: Overall, short-sleep duration was associated with increased risk of having CRA compared with normal duration [OR, 1.48; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.12-1.97]. This pattern was present in both females (OR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.14-2.18) and males (OR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.08-1.93), with advanced adenomas (OR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.09-2.38) and non-advanced adenomas (OR, 1.66; 95% CI, 1.19-2.32). Furthermore, the association between CRA development and short-sleep duration was more apparent among females who were nondrinker, nonobese, physically active, with proximal or both sided adenomas and with cardiometabolic disorder. Among males, the short-sleep duration was associated with CRA risk among never-smoking, cardiometabolic disorders, and obese. Conclusions: Short-sleep duration was associated with increased prevalence of both advanced and non-advanced CRAs among Vietnamese population. Impact: Findings from this study showed that maintaining an adequate sleep duration may have an important implication for colorectal adenoma prevention and control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Colorectal cancer is common cancer with a high mortality rate. Low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) score holistically evaluates the LCD pattern from carbohydrate, protein, and fat intake. Epidemiologic data of LCD-colorectal cancer association are sparse. Methods: We evaluated the associations between LCD (i.e., total, animal- and plant-based) and colorectal cancer risk in the Singapore Chinese Health Study, a population-based prospective cohort study including 61,321 Chinese in Singapore who were 45 to 74 years old at baseline. Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to determine the HRs and respective 95% confidence intervals (CI) for colorectal cancer associated with LCD after adjusting for potential confounders, including age, sex, BMI, physical activity, family history of colorectal cancer, etc. Results: After an average of 19.5 years of follow-up, 2,520 participants developed colorectal cancer (1,608 colon cancer and 912 rectal cancer). Overall, the association between total or plant-based LCD scores with the risk of colorectal, colon, or rectal cancer was null (all Ptrend = 0.28). The animal-based LCD was modestly associated with colon cancer risk (Ptrend = 0.02), but not with rectal cancer. Compared with the lowest quartile, HRs (95% CIs) of colon cancer for quartiles 2, 3, and 4 of animal-based LCD were 1.12 (0.98-1.29), 1.27 (1.10-1.46), and 1.14 (0.99-1.31), respectively. Conclusions: A low-level carbohydrate diet with a high level of animal protein and fat was associated with a moderate increase in the risk of colon cancer among Chinese Singaporeans. Impact: High consumption of animal protein/fat and low consumption of carbohydrates may increase colon cancer risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Blood neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) or lymphocyte count may be important markers for immune function. Previous work has shown higher NLR was associated with higher risk of hepatitis B‐related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, studies in non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients are lacking. Methods: Utilizing the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) electronic health records, we created a retrospective cohort of 27,834 patients diagnosed with NAFLD from 2004 to 2018 with complete NLR data. After an average 5.5 years of follow‐up, 203 patients developed HCC. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of HCC incidence associated with different levels of NLR and lymphocyte count. Results: Compared with the lowest tertile of NLR (<1.97), the highest tertile of NLR (≥3.09) was statistically significantly associated with a 43% higher risk of HCC incidence (HR = 1.43, 95% CI: 1.01–2.03, ptrend = 0.031) after adjustment for age, sex, race, body mass index, smoking status, history of type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and fibrosis‐4 score category. Conversely the highest tertile of lymphocyte count (≥2.15 K/ul) was significantly associated with a 36% lower risk of HCC (HR = 0.64, 95% CI: 0.43–0.94, ptrend = 0.028) compared to the lowest tertile (<1.55 K/ul). There was no association between neutrophil count and HCC risk. Conclusions: Higher NLR and lower lymphocyte count are associated with significantly higher risk of HCC among NAFLD patients. These findings warrant further investigation of immune response and surveillance in association with HCC development in NAFLD patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]