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4. African Naked Mole-Rats Demonstrate Extreme Tolerance to Hypoxia and Hypercapnia

Author

Park, Thomas J., Smith, Ewan St. J., Reznick, Jane, Bennett, N. C., Applegate, Daniel T., Larson, John, Lewin, Gary R., Crusio, Wim E., Series Editor, Dong, Haidong, Series Editor, Radeke, Heinfried H., Series Editor, Rezaei, Nima, Series Editor, Xiao, Junjie, Series Editor, Buffenstein, Rochelle, editor, Park, Thomas J., editor, and Holmes, Melissa M., editor

Published
2021
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5. The Somatosensory World of the African Naked Mole-Rat

Author

Lewin, Gary R., Smith, Ewan St. J., Reznick, Jane, Debus, Karlien, Barker, Alison J., Park, Thomas J., Crusio, Wim E., Series Editor, Dong, Haidong, Series Editor, Radeke, Heinfried H., Series Editor, Rezaei, Nima, Series Editor, Xiao, Junjie, Series Editor, Buffenstein, Rochelle, editor, Park, Thomas J., editor, and Holmes, Melissa M., editor

Published
2021
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6. Sensory Systems of the African Naked Mole-Rat

Author

Vice, Emily N., Lagestee, Samantha, Browe, Brigitte M., Deb, Deblina, Smith, Ewan St. J., Park, Thomas J., Crusio, Wim E., Series Editor, Dong, Haidong, Series Editor, Radeke, Heinfried H., Series Editor, Rezaei, Nima, Series Editor, Xiao, Junjie, Series Editor, Buffenstein, Rochelle, editor, Park, Thomas J., editor, and Holmes, Melissa M., editor

Published
2021
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7. Some Exciting Future Directions for Work on Naked Mole-Rats

Author

Smith, Ewan St. J., Park, Thomas J., Holmes, Melissa M., Buffenstein, Rochelle, Crusio, Wim E., Series Editor, Dong, Haidong, Series Editor, Radeke, Heinfried H., Series Editor, Rezaei, Nima, Series Editor, Xiao, Junjie, Series Editor, Buffenstein, Rochelle, editor, Park, Thomas J., editor, and Holmes, Melissa M., editor

Published
2021
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8. A Sweet Story of Metabolic Innovation in the Naked Mole-Rat

Author

Reznick, Jane, Park, Thomas J., Lewin, Gary R., Crusio, Wim E., Series Editor, Dong, Haidong, Series Editor, Radeke, Heinfried H., Series Editor, Rezaei, Nima, Series Editor, Xiao, Junjie, Series Editor, Buffenstein, Rochelle, editor, Park, Thomas J., editor, and Holmes, Melissa M., editor

Published
2021
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14. Fructose-driven glycolysis supports anoxia resistance in the naked mole-rat

Author

Park, Thomas J., Reznick, Jane, Peterson, Bethany L., Blass, Gregory, Omerbašić, Damir, Bennett, Nigel C., Kuich, P. Henning J. L., Zasada, Christin, Browe, Brigitte M., Hamann, Wiebke, Applegate, Daniel T., Radke, Michael H., Kosten, Tetiana, Lutermann, Heike, Gavaghan, Victoria, Eigenbrod, Ole, Bégay, Valérie, Amoroso, Vince G., Govind, Vidya, Minshall, Richard D., St. J. Smith, Ewan, Larson, John, Gotthardt, Michael, Kempa, Stefan, and Lewin, Gary R.

Published
2017

17. Phylogenetic modeling of enhancer shifts in African mole-rats reveals regulatory changes associated with tissue-specific traits

Author

Parey, Elise, Fernandez-Aroca, Diego, Frost, Stephanie, Uribarren, Ainhoa, Park, Thomas J., Zöttl, Markus, Smith, Ewan St John, Berthelot, Camille, Villar, Diego, Parey, Elise, Fernandez-Aroca, Diego, Frost, Stephanie, Uribarren, Ainhoa, Park, Thomas J., Zöttl, Markus, Smith, Ewan St John, Berthelot, Camille, and Villar, Diego

Abstract

Changes in gene regulation are thought to underlie most phenotypic differences between species. For subterranean rodents such as the naked mole-rat, proposed phenotypic adaptations include hypoxia tolerance, metabolic changes, and cancer resistance. However, it is largely unknown what regulatory changes may associate with these phenotypic traits, and whether these are unique to the naked mole-rat, the mole-rat clade, or are also present in other mammals. Here, we investigate regulatory evolution in the heart and liver from two African mole-rat species and two rodent outgroups using genome-wide epigenomic profiling. First, we adapted and applied a phylogenetic modeling approach to quantitatively compare epigenomic signals at orthologous regulatory elements and identified thousands of promoter and enhancer regions with differential epigenomic activity in mole-rats. These elements associate with known mole-rat adaptations in metabolic and functional pathways and suggest candidate genetic loci that may underlie mole-rat innovations. Second, we evaluated ancestral and species-specific regulatory changes in the study phylogeny and report several candidate pathways experiencing stepwise remodeling during the evolution of mole-rats, such as the insulin and hypoxia response pathways. Third, we report nonorthologous regulatory elements overlap with lineage-specific repetitive elements and appear to modify metabolic pathways by rewiring of HNF4 and RAR/RXR transcription factor binding sites in mole-rats. These comparative analyses reveal how mole-rat regulatory evolution informs previously reported phenotypic adaptations. Moreover, the phylogenetic modeling framework we propose here improves upon the state of the art by addressing known limitations of inter-species comparisons of epigenomic profiles and has broad implications in the field of comparative functional genomics.

Published
2023
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20. Auditory brainstem development of naked mole-rats ( Heterocephalus glaber )

Author

McCullagh, Elizabeth A., primary, Peacock, John, additional, Lucas, Alexandra, additional, Poleg, Shani, additional, Greene, Nathaniel T., additional, Gaut, Addison, additional, Lagestee, Samantha, additional, Zhang, Yalan, additional, Kaczmarek, Leonard K., additional, Park, Thomas J., additional, Tollin, Daniel J., additional, and Klug, Achim, additional

Published
2022
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22. The naked truth: a comprehensive clarification and classification of current 'myths' in naked mole-rat biology

Author

Buffenstein, Rochelle, Amoroso, Vincent, Andziak, Blazej, Avdieiev, Stanislav, Azpurua, Jorge, Barker, Alison J., Bennett, Nigel C., Brieno-Enriquez, Miguel A., Bronner, Gary N., Coen, Clive, Delaney, Martha A., Dengler-Crish, Christine M., Edrey, Yael H., Faulkes, Chris G., Frankel, Daniel, Friedlander, Gerard, Gibney, Patrick A., Gorbunova, Vera, Hine, Christopher, Holmes, Melissa M., Jarvis, Jennifer U. M., Kawamura, Yoshimi, Kutsukake, Nobuyuki, Kenyon, Cynthia, Khaled, Walid T., Kikusui, Takefumi, Kissil, Joseph, Lagestee, Samantha, Larson, John, Lauer, Amanda, Lavrenchenko, Leonid A., Lee, Angela, Levitt, Jonathan B., Lewin, Gary R., Hardell, Kaitlyn N. Lewis, Lin, Tzu Hua D., Mason, Matthew J., McCloskey, Dan, McMahon, Mary, Miura, Kyoko, Mogi, Kazutaka, Narayan, Vikram, O'Connor, Timothy P., Okanoya, Kazuo, O'Riain, M. Justin, Park, Thomas J., Place, Ned J., Podshivalova, Katie, Pamenter, Matthew E., Pyott, Sonja J., Reznick, Jane, Ruby, J. Graham, Salmon, Adam B., Santos-Sacchi, Joseph, Sarko, Diana K., Seluanov, Andrei, Shepard, Alyssa, Smith, Megan, Storey, Kenneth B., Tian, Xiao, Vice, Emily N., Viltard, Melanie, Watarai, Akiyuki, Wywial, Ewa, Yamakawa, Masanori, Zemlemerova, Elena D., Zions, Michael, Smith, Ewan St John, Buffenstein, Rochelle, Amoroso, Vincent, Andziak, Blazej, Avdieiev, Stanislav, Azpurua, Jorge, Barker, Alison J., Bennett, Nigel C., Brieno-Enriquez, Miguel A., Bronner, Gary N., Coen, Clive, Delaney, Martha A., Dengler-Crish, Christine M., Edrey, Yael H., Faulkes, Chris G., Frankel, Daniel, Friedlander, Gerard, Gibney, Patrick A., Gorbunova, Vera, Hine, Christopher, Holmes, Melissa M., Jarvis, Jennifer U. M., Kawamura, Yoshimi, Kutsukake, Nobuyuki, Kenyon, Cynthia, Khaled, Walid T., Kikusui, Takefumi, Kissil, Joseph, Lagestee, Samantha, Larson, John, Lauer, Amanda, Lavrenchenko, Leonid A., Lee, Angela, Levitt, Jonathan B., Lewin, Gary R., Hardell, Kaitlyn N. Lewis, Lin, Tzu Hua D., Mason, Matthew J., McCloskey, Dan, McMahon, Mary, Miura, Kyoko, Mogi, Kazutaka, Narayan, Vikram, O'Connor, Timothy P., Okanoya, Kazuo, O'Riain, M. Justin, Park, Thomas J., Place, Ned J., Podshivalova, Katie, Pamenter, Matthew E., Pyott, Sonja J., Reznick, Jane, Ruby, J. Graham, Salmon, Adam B., Santos-Sacchi, Joseph, Sarko, Diana K., Seluanov, Andrei, Shepard, Alyssa, Smith, Megan, Storey, Kenneth B., Tian, Xiao, Vice, Emily N., Viltard, Melanie, Watarai, Akiyuki, Wywial, Ewa, Yamakawa, Masanori, Zemlemerova, Elena D., Zions, Michael, and Smith, Ewan St John

Abstract

The naked mole-rat (Heterocephalus glaber) has fascinated zoologists for at least half a century. It has also generated considerable biomedical interest not only because of its extraordinary longevity, but also because of unusual protective features (e.g. its tolerance of variable oxygen availability), which may be pertinent to several human disease states, including ischemia/reperfusion injury and neurodegeneration. A recent article entitled 'Surprisingly long survival of premature conclusions about naked mole-rat biology' described 28 'myths' which, those authors claimed, are a 'perpetuation of beautiful, but falsified, hypotheses' and impede our understanding of this enigmatic mammal. Here, we re-examine each of these 'myths' based on evidence published in the scientific literature. Following Braude et al., we argue that these 'myths' fall into four main categories: (i) 'myths' that would be better described as oversimplifications, some of which persist solely in the popular press; (ii) 'myths' that are based on incomplete understanding, where more evidence is clearly needed; (iii) 'myths' where the accumulation of evidence over the years has led to a revision in interpretation, but where there is no significant disagreement among scientists currently working in the field; (iv) 'myths' where there is a genuine difference in opinion among active researchers, based on alternative interpretations of the available evidence. The term 'myth' is particularly inappropriate when applied to competing, evidence-based hypotheses, which form part of the normal evolution of scientific knowledge. Here, we provide a comprehensive critical review of naked mole-rat biology and attempt to clarify some of these misconceptions.

Published
2022

23. Tonic extracellular glutamate and ischaemia: glutamate antiporter system xc− regulates anoxic depolarization in hippocampus.

Author

Heit, Bradley S., Chu, Alex, Sane, Abhay, Featherstone, David E., Park, Thomas J., and Larson, John

Subjects
GLUTAMIC acid, ISCHEMIC stroke, ISCHEMIA, HIPPOCAMPUS (Brain), GLUTAMATE receptors
Abstract

In stroke, the sudden deprivation of oxygen to neurons triggers a profuse release of glutamate that induces anoxic depolarization (AD) and leads to rapid cell death. Importantly, the latency of the glutamate‐driven AD event largely dictates subsequent tissue damage. Although the contribution of synaptic glutamate during ischaemia is well‐studied, the role of tonic (ambient) glutamate has received far less scrutiny. The majority of tonic, non‐synaptic glutamate in the brain is governed by the cystine/glutamate antiporter, system xc−. Employing hippocampal slice electrophysiology, we showed that transgenic mice lacking a functional system xc− display longer latencies to AD and altered depolarizing waves compared to wild‐type mice after total oxygen deprivation. Experiments which pharmacologically inhibited system xc−, as well as those manipulating tonic glutamate levels and those antagonizing glutamate receptors, revealed that the antiporter's putative effect on ambient glutamate precipitates the ischaemic cascade. As such, the current study yields novel insight into the pathogenesis of acute stroke and may direct future therapeutic interventions. Key points: Ischaemic stroke remains the leading cause of adult disability in the world, but efforts to reduce stroke severity have been plagued by failed translational attempts to mitigate glutamate excitotoxicity.Elucidating the ischaemic cascade, which within minutes leads to irreversible tissue damage induced by anoxic depolarization, must be a principal focus.Data presented here show that tonic, extrasynaptic glutamate supplied by system xc− synergizes with ischaemia‐induced synaptic glutamate release to propagate AD and exacerbate depolarizing waves.Exploiting the role of system xc− and its obligate release of ambient glutamate could, therefore, be a novel therapeutic direction to attenuate the deleterious effects of acute stroke. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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24. The naked truth: a comprehensive clarification and classification of current ‘myths’ in naked mole‐rat biology

Author

Buffenstein, Rochelle, primary, Amoroso, Vincent, additional, Andziak, Blazej, additional, Avdieiev, Stanislav, additional, Azpurua, Jorge, additional, Barker, Alison J., additional, Bennett, Nigel C., additional, Brieño‐Enríquez, Miguel A., additional, Bronner, Gary N., additional, Coen, Clive, additional, Delaney, Martha A., additional, Dengler‐Crish, Christine M., additional, Edrey, Yael H., additional, Faulkes, Chris G., additional, Frankel, Daniel, additional, Friedlander, Gerard, additional, Gibney, Patrick A., additional, Gorbunova, Vera, additional, Hine, Christopher, additional, Holmes, Melissa M., additional, Jarvis, Jennifer U. M., additional, Kawamura, Yoshimi, additional, Kutsukake, Nobuyuki, additional, Kenyon, Cynthia, additional, Khaled, Walid T., additional, Kikusui, Takefumi, additional, Kissil, Joseph, additional, Lagestee, Samantha, additional, Larson, John, additional, Lauer, Amanda, additional, Lavrenchenko, Leonid A., additional, Lee, Angela, additional, Levitt, Jonathan B., additional, Lewin, Gary R., additional, Lewis Hardell, Kaitlyn N., additional, Lin, TzuHua D., additional, Mason, Matthew J., additional, McCloskey, Dan, additional, McMahon, Mary, additional, Miura, Kyoko, additional, Mogi, Kazutaka, additional, Narayan, Vikram, additional, O'Connor, Timothy P., additional, Okanoya, Kazuo, additional, O'Riain, M. Justin, additional, Park, Thomas J., additional, Place, Ned J., additional, Podshivalova, Katie, additional, Pamenter, Matthew E., additional, Pyott, Sonja J., additional, Reznick, Jane, additional, Ruby, J. Graham, additional, Salmon, Adam B., additional, Santos‐Sacchi, Joseph, additional, Sarko, Diana K., additional, Seluanov, Andrei, additional, Shepard, Alyssa, additional, Smith, Megan, additional, Storey, Kenneth B., additional, Tian, Xiao, additional, Vice, Emily N., additional, Viltard, Mélanie, additional, Watarai, Akiyuki, additional, Wywial, Ewa, additional, Yamakawa, Masanori, additional, Zemlemerova, Elena D., additional, Zions, Michael, additional, and Smith, Ewan St. John, additional

Published
2021
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27. Neurobiology: Crowdsourcing CO2 to Conserve Brain Energy

Author

St John Smith, Ewan and Park, Thomas J

Subjects
Neurobiology, Seizures, Mole Rats, Masks, Animals, Brain, Crowdsourcing, Carbon Dioxide, gamma-Aminobutyric Acid
Abstract

Naked mole-rats are adapted to living in a low-oxygen and high-CO2 environment. Elevated environmental CO2 inhibits brain activity and has acted as a selection pressure to reduce GABAergic tone, which in turn reduces energetic needs in a hypoxic habitat.

Published
2020
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28. Cholesterol-rich naked mole-rat brain lipid membranes are susceptible to amyloid beta-induced damage in vitro

Author

Frankel, Daniel, primary, Davies, Matthew, additional, Bhushan, Bharat, additional, Kulaberoglu, Yavuz, additional, Urriola-Munoz, Paulina, additional, Bertrand-Michel, Justine, additional, Pergande, Melissa R., additional, Smith, Andrew A., additional, Preet, Swapan, additional, Park, Thomas J., additional, Vendruscolo, Michele, additional, Rankin, Kenneth S., additional, Cologna, Stephanie M., additional, Kumita, Janet R., additional, Cenac, Nicolas, additional, and St John Smith, Ewan, additional

Published
2020
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29. Functional, Morphological, and Evolutionary Characterization of Hearing in Subterranean, Eusocial African Mole-Rats

Author

Pyott, Sonja J., primary, van Tuinen, Marcel, additional, Screven, Laurel A., additional, Schrode, Katrina M., additional, Bai, Jun-Ping, additional, Barone, Catherine M., additional, Price, Steven D., additional, Lysakowski, Anna, additional, Sanderford, Maxwell, additional, Kumar, Sudhir, additional, Santos-Sacchi, Joseph, additional, Lauer, Amanda M., additional, and Park, Thomas J., additional

Published
2020
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33. Rapid molecular evolution of pain insensitivity in multiple African rodents

Author

Eigenbrod, Ole, primary, Debus, Karlien Y., additional, Reznick, Jane, additional, Bennett, Nigel C., additional, Sánchez-Carranza, Oscar, additional, Omerbašić, Damir, additional, Hart, Daniel W., additional, Barker, Alison J., additional, Zhong, Wei, additional, Lutermann, Heike, additional, Katandukila, Jestina V., additional, Mgode, Georgies, additional, Park, Thomas J., additional, and Lewin, Gary R., additional

Published
2019
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36. Corrigendum to “Pharmacological targeting of the mammalian clock reveals a novel analgesic for osteoarthritis-induced pain” [GENE 655 (2018) 1–12]

Author

Das, Vaskar, primary, Kc, Ranjan, additional, Li, Xin, additional, Varma, Disha, additional, Qiu, Sujun, additional, Kroin, Jeffrey S., additional, Forsyth, Christopher B., additional, Keshavarzian, Ali, additional, van Wijnen, Andre J., additional, Park, Thomas J., additional, Stein, Gary S., additional, O-Sullivan, Insug, additional, Burris, Thomas P., additional, and Im, Hee-Jeong, additional

Published
2019
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37. Corrigendum to “Blockade of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 (Flt-1), reveals a novel analgesic for osteoarthritis-induced joint pain” [Gene Rep. 11 (2018) 94–100]

Author

Das, Vaskar, primary, Kc, Ranjan, additional, Li, Xin, additional, Varma, Disha, additional, Qiu, Sujun, additional, Kroin, Jeffrey S., additional, Forsyth, Christopher B., additional, Keshavarzian, Ali, additional, van Wijnen, Andre J., additional, Park, Thomas J., additional, Stein, Gary S., additional, O-Sullivan, Insug, additional, Burris, Thomas P., additional, and Im, Hee-Jeong, additional

Published
2018
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41. Blockade of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 (Flt-1), reveals a novel analgesic for osteoarthritis-induced joint pain

Author

Das, Vaskar, primary, Kc, Ranjan, additional, Li, Xin, additional, O-Sullivan, InSug, additional, van Wijnen, Andre J., additional, Kroin, Jeffrey S., additional, Pytowski, Bronislaw, additional, Applegate, Daniel T., additional, Votta-Velis, Gina, additional, Ripper, Richard L., additional, Park, Thomas J., additional, and Im, Hee-Jeong, additional

Published
2018
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42. Pharmacological targeting of the mammalian clock reveals a novel analgesic for osteoarthritis-induced pain

Author

Das, Vaskar, primary, Kc, Ranjan, additional, Li, Xin, additional, Varma, Disha, additional, Qiu, Sujun, additional, Kroin, Jeffrey S., additional, Forsyth, Christopher B., additional, Keshavarzian, Ali, additional, van Wijnen, Andre J., additional, Park, Thomas J., additional, Stein, Gary S., additional, O-Sullivan, Insug, additional, Burris, Thomas P., additional, and Im, Hee-Jeong, additional

Published
2018
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44. Enhancer evolution across 20 mammalian species

Author

Villar, Diego, Berthelot, Camille, Aldridge, Sarah, Rayner, Tim F, Lukk, Margus, Pignatelli, Miguel, Park, Thomas J, Deaville, Robert, Erichsen, Jonathan T, Jasinska, Anna J, Turner, James MA, Bertelsen, Mads F, Murchison, Elizabeth P, Flicek, Paul, Odom, Duncan T, Murchison, Elizabeth [0000-0001-7462-8907], Odom, Duncan [0000-0001-6201-5599], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
Evolution, Molecular, Histone Code, Mammals, Enhancer Elements, Genetic, Liver, Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology(all), Animals, Humans, RE, Promoter Regions, Genetic, Transcription Factors
Abstract

SummaryThe mammalian radiation has corresponded with rapid changes in noncoding regions of the genome, but we lack a comprehensive understanding of regulatory evolution in mammals. Here, we track the evolution of promoters and enhancers active in liver across 20 mammalian species from six diverse orders by profiling genomic enrichment of H3K27 acetylation and H3K4 trimethylation. We report that rapid evolution of enhancers is a universal feature of mammalian genomes. Most of the recently evolved enhancers arise from ancestral DNA exaptation, rather than lineage-specific expansions of repeat elements. In contrast, almost all liver promoters are partially or fully conserved across these species. Our data further reveal that recently evolved enhancers can be associated with genes under positive selection, demonstrating the power of this approach for annotating regulatory adaptations in genomic sequences. These results provide important insight into the functional genetics underpinning mammalian regulatory evolution.

Published
2015

49. The naked truth: a comprehensive clarification and classification of current ‘myths’ in naked mole‐rat biology

Author

Nobuyuki Kutsukake, Jonathan B. Levitt, Kazuo Okanoya, Cynthia Kenyon, Jane Reznick, Andrei Seluanov, Sonja J. Pyott, Clive W. Coen, Nigel C. Bennett, Timothy P. O'Connor, Amanda M. Lauer, Samantha Lagestee, Alyssa Shepard, Daniel P. McCloskey, Diana K. Sarko, J. Graham Ruby, Melissa M. Holmes, Joseph Santos-Sacchi, Walid T. Khaled, Angela Lee, Kazutaka Mogi, Emily N. Vice, Vera Gorbunova, Chris G. Faulkes, Gary N. Bronner, Thomas J. Park, Stanislav Avdieiev, Martha A. Delaney, Xiao Tian, Matthew J. Mason, Kenneth B. Storey, Mary McMahon, Vincent Amoroso, Blazej Andziak, Jorge Azpurua, M. Justin O'Riain, Vikram Narayan, Michael Zions, Kaitlyn N. Lewis Hardell, Mélanie Viltard, Elena D. Zemlemerova, Megan Smith, Ewa Wywial, TzuHua D. Lin, Akiyuki Watarai, Joseph L. Kissil, Ewan St. John Smith, Patrick A. Gibney, Yael H. Edrey, Ned J. Place, Christopher Hine, Yoshimi Kawamura, Gérard Friedlander, Rochelle Buffenstein, Miguel A. Brieño-Enríquez, Katie Podshivalova, Gary R. Lewin, Matthew E. Pamenter, John Larson, Jennifer U. M. Jarvis, Masanori Yamakawa, Christine M. Dengler-Crish, Takefumi Kikusui, Leonid A. Lavrenchenko, Kyoko Miura, Adam B. Salmon, Daniel Frankel, Alison J. Barker, Kawamura, Yoshimi [0000-0002-9864-7974], Lagestee, Samantha [0000-0001-9412-6859], Lewin, Gary R. [0000-0002-2890-6352], Mason, Matthew J. [0000-0001-7845-0720], Narayan, Vikram [0000-0002-6128-7944], Park, Thomas J. [0000-0002-2447-2948], Smith, Ewan St. John [0000-0002-2699-1979], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Perceptual and Cognitive Neuroscience (PCN), Lewin, Gary R [0000-0002-2890-6352], Mason, Matthew J [0000-0001-7845-0720], Park, Thomas J [0000-0002-2447-2948], and Smith, Ewan St John [0000-0002-2699-1979]

Subjects
Sociology of scientific knowledge, VOCAL COMMUNICATION, Scientific literature, CRYPTOMYS-DAMARENSIS, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, AGE-RELATED-CHANGES, Human disease, SOMATOSENSORY ORGANIZATION, longevity, Animals, cancer, nociception, Biology, Naked mole-rat, thermoregulation, ECOPHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES, naked mole‐rat, biology, BROWN ADIPOSE-TISSUE, naked mole-rat, hypoxia, Interpretation (philosophy), Mole Rats, eusociality, Mythology, PAIN INSENSITIVITY, Original Articles, Popular press, biology.organism_classification, Epistemology, BURROW ARCHITECTURE, LONGEST-LIVING RODENT, ageing, Original Article, Pain insensitivity, ecology, Function and Dysfunction of the Nervous System, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, HETEROCEPHALUS-GLABER
Abstract

Funder: Calico Life Sciences, LLC, The naked mole‐rat (Heterocephalus glaber) has fascinated zoologists for at least half a century. It has also generated considerable biomedical interest not only because of its extraordinary longevity, but also because of unusual protective features (e.g. its tolerance of variable oxygen availability), which may be pertinent to several human disease states, including ischemia/reperfusion injury and neurodegeneration. A recent article entitled ‘Surprisingly long survival of premature conclusions about naked mole‐rat biology’ described 28 ‘myths’ which, those authors claimed, are a ‘perpetuation of beautiful, but falsified, hypotheses’ and impede our understanding of this enigmatic mammal. Here, we re‐examine each of these ‘myths’ based on evidence published in the scientific literature. Following Braude et al., we argue that these ‘myths’ fall into four main categories: (i) ‘myths’ that would be better described as oversimplifications, some of which persist solely in the popular press; (ii) ‘myths’ that are based on incomplete understanding, where more evidence is clearly needed; (iii) ‘myths’ where the accumulation of evidence over the years has led to a revision in interpretation, but where there is no significant disagreement among scientists currently working in the field; ( iv ) ‘myths’ where there is a genuine difference in opinion among active researchers, based on alternative interpretations of the available evidence. The term ‘myth’ is particularly inappropriate when applied to competing, evidence‐based hypotheses, which form part of the normal evolution of scientific knowledge. Here, we provide a comprehensive critical review of naked mole‐rat biology and attempt to clarify some of these misconceptions.

Published
2021

50. Managed Care of Naked Mole-Rats

Author

Smith, Megan, Buffenstein, Rochelle, Crusio, Wim E., Series Editor, Dong, Haidong, Series Editor, Radeke, Heinfried H., Series Editor, Rezaei, Nima, Series Editor, Xiao, Junjie, Series Editor, Buffenstein, Rochelle, editor, Park, Thomas J., editor, and Holmes, Melissa M., editor

Published
2021
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