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Abstract Objective To evaluate intraoperative and early postoperative clinical outcomes using the “tension band wiring first technique” to reduce C type patellar fractures. Methods Sixty-four patients with C type fractures were enrolled in this study. Thirty-four patients underwent open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) surgeries using the traditional reduction technique by pointed clamps (TRT group). The other thirty patients received the patellar fracture reduction using the “Tension band wiring first technique” (TBWFT group). All patellar fractures were treated with a cable tension band and a cerclage cable. The duration of intraoperative procedure and X-ray exposure times were recorded. All patients were followed up at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. Bone union time was recorded. The articular surface steps of the patellas were measured. After surgery, range of motion (ROM) of the knee, and complications were evaluated, and patellar function was evaluated using the Lysholm knee scores and Böstman scores. Results When compared to TRT group, the “Tension band wiring first technique” significantly reduced the intraoperative time and X-ray exposure times and tended to reduce the articular surface steps, though without statistical significance. In the two groups, there was no significant difference in bone union time, ROM, complications and patellar function. Conclusion The utilization of “Tension band wiring first technique” proved to be a straightforward, expeditious, and reproducible technique for reducing patellar fracture in comparison to the conventional reduction technique utilizing pointed clamps. Further studies are required to ensure the generalizability of these findings to additional patient populations at other institutions.

Abstract Objective To assess the characteristics, molecular classification, and role of adjuvant treatment in patients with endometrioid endometrial cancer (EEC) and microcystic elongated and fragmented (MELF) myometrial invasion pattern. Methods This study included patients who were diagnosed with EEC with a MELF invasion pattern and underwent surgery from January 2019 to December 2023. We analyzed molecular classification, clinicopathological characteristics, and prognostic outcomes, including recurrence and adjuvant therapy. Results Out of 529 patients, 84 (15.9%) exhibited the MELF pattern, with 1 (1.2%) classified as POLE-mutation, 19 (22.6%) as mismatch repair deficient, 53 (63.1%) as no specific molecular profile, and 11 (13.1%) as p53-mutant subtype. Fifty (59.5%) patients with MELF invasion pattern received adjuvant chemotherapy (CT) ± external beam radiation therapy (EBRT), 19 (22.6%) received EBRT only, and 15 (17.9%) received no adjuvant treatment. Receiving adjuvant therapy was significantly associated with the risk level defined by the ESMO guideline for endometrial cancer (p = 0.002). With a median follow-up of 26 months (range: 1–59), the progression-free survival at 3-years for the MELF invasion patients was 91%. Seven patients with the MELF pattern experienced recurrence, of whom one was in stage IA (low risk, local recurrence) and did not receive any additional treatment, two were in stage IB (intermediate / high-intermediate risk, distant recurrence) and received EBRT only and the remaining four were in stage III to IV and had distant recurrence despite receiving adjuvant chemotherapy with or without EBRT. Among 43 intermediate- and high-intermediate-risk EEC patients, receiving CT ± EBRT was significantly associated with better DFS than without CT (p = 0.047). Conclusion The presence of the MELF pattern in EEC should be incorporated into decision-making regarding adjuvant therapy. The use of adjuvant treatment should be tailored based on histology and molecular type.

Abstract Gas has been widely concerned due to its importance in the industrial and energy fields. In order to improve the inhibition effect of gas explosion, under the self-constructed pipe network system, the inhibition of gas explosion by composite inhibitor of fly ash and NaHCO3 with different ratios was investigated, and the microscopic inhibition mechanism of the two kinds of powders on the explosion of gas was investigated based on the method of density functional theory and transition state theory from the perspective of molecular dynamics. The results show that: the composite powder explosion suppression is better than a single powder, explosion suppression effect with the increase in the proportion of the mass of NaHCO3 significantly improve the 5 groups of conditions NaHCO3 loading of 40% (by mass) is the best, this time, the explosion of the peak overpressure, the peak flame propagation velocity, the peak flame temperature compared to the maximum reduction in the percentage of the measures taken for the maximum of 74.42%, 81.93%, 68.71%. In addition, NaHCO3, fly ash effectively inhibit the key primitive reaction of gas explosion. When the temperature reaches a certain point, the two and O*, O2, OH* and H* reaction rate higher than the rate of CH4 oxidation chain reaction, the dominant reaction, the maximum difference in rate constants of 70.95, 58.81, 60.06, 44.94. The study of the transition from the macro-scale to the molecular level of the study, in-depth understanding of the mechanism of explosion suppression, to reduce the risk of explosion from the ground up, and enriches the Gas explosion prevention and control of the theoretical system, for the operators to provide a strong technical guarantee for safe production.

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has critical implications for mental health in children. This study examined how the COVID-19 lockdown affected sleep duration and anxiety symptoms in Chinese school-aged children and the bidirectional association between sleep and anxiety before and during the COVID-19 lockdown. A school-based longitudinal cohort study was conducted to examine the relationship between sleep duration and anxiety scores before and after the COVID-19 lockdown from January to May 2020. Generalized estimating equations model was used to identify variables that contributed to the changes in sleep duration. The bidirectional relationship between sleep duration and anxiety symptoms was explored by cross-lagged analysis. 7681 children completed two waves of surveys were included in the analysis. The daily exercise duration, anxiety symptoms, and sleep duration decreased significantly during the lockdown compared with that before the lockdown. Based on generalized estimating equations model, older age, secondary school, and higher anxiety scores of participants were positively associated with sleep duration, while female and no COVID-19 infection history were negatively associated with it. Cross-lagged analysis showed higher anxiety score of children before the lockdown was significantly associated with shorter sleep duration during the lockdown; and shorter sleep duration of children before the lockdown was also significantly associated with a higher anxiety score during the lockdown. Under the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, there were longitudinal, bidirectional associations between children’s anxiety symptoms and sleep duration. For school students, mental health services and sleep education should be considered in the daily health education curriculum.

Abstract Background It is uncertain whether the weekend warrior pattern is associated with all-cause mortality among adults living with type 2 diabetes. This study explored how the ‘weekend warrior’ physical activity (PA) pattern was associated with all-cause mortality among adults living with type 2 diabetes. Methods This prospective cohort study investigated US adults living with type 2 diabetes in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Mortality data was linked to the National Death Index. Based on self-reported leisure-time and occupational moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA), participants were categorized into 3 groups: physically inactive (

Background Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG)-resistant Kawasaki disease is associated with coronary artery lesion development. Purpose This study aimed to explore the factors associated with IVIG-resistance and construct and validate an interpretable machine learning (ML) prediction model in clinical practice. Methods Between December 2014 and November 2022, 602 patients were screened and risk factors for IVIG-resistance investigated. Five ML models are used to establish an optimal prediction model. The SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) method was used to interpret the ML model. Results Na+, hemoglobin (Hb), C-reactive protein (CRP), and globulin were independent risk factors for IVIG-resistance. A nonlinear relationship was identified between globulin level and IVIG-resistance. The XGBoost model exhibited excellent performance, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.821, accuracy of 0.748, sensitivity of 0.889, and specificity of 0.683 in the testing set. The XGBoost model was interpreted globally and locally using the SHAP method. Conclusion Na+, Hb, CRP, and globulin levels were independently associated with IVIG-resistance. Our findings demonstrate that ML models can reliably predict IVIG-resistance. Moreover, use of the SHAP method to interpret the established XGBoost model's findings would provide evidence of IVIG-resistance and guide the individualized treatment of Kawasaki disease.

Abstract To develop and validate a diagnostic prediction model based on blood parameters for predicting the pertussis in children. A retrospective study of 477 children with suspected pertussis at Zigong First People’s Hospital was performed between January 2020 and December 2021. The patients were randomly divided into training cohort and validation cohort. Stepwise regression and R software was performed to develop and validate the model. Stepwise regression analysis showed that white blood cell (WBC), hematocrit (HCT), lymphocyte (LYMPH), C-reactive protein (CRP) and platelet distribution width to mean platelet volume ratio (PDW-MPV-R) were found to be independent factors associated with pertussis. The model containing WBC, CRP and PDW-MPV-R had the best performance. The area under curve (ROC, 0.77 for the training cohort and 0.80 for the validation cohort) of the model indicated satisfactory discriminative ability. The sensitivity and specificity of the model were 72.1% and 72.6% in training cohort and 74% and 72.1%, respectively, in validation cohort. Based on the ROC analysis, calibration plots, and decision curve analysis, we concluded that the model exhibited excellent performance. A model based on blood parameters is sufficiently accurate to predict the probability of pertussis in children, and may provide some reference for clinical decisions.

Background: Studies have linked per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) to chronic metabolic diseases. However, the relationship between PFAS exposure and insulin resistance (IR), a key pathophysiological basis of these metabolic diseases, in nondiabetic individuals have yet to be determined. Methods: This study analyzed data from 3909 participants (aged ≥20) from the NHANES 2003–2018 to investigate the associations between serum levels of seven PFAS and and IR indicators, including including HOMA-IR, HOMA-β, fasting insulin, QUICKI, and TyG index. Linear and logistic regression models were used, along with a restricted cubic spline to assess dose-response. Weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression and quantile g-computation (qgcomp) models were used to assess the association between mixed PFAS exposure and IR. Results: Linear regression revealed that elevated exposure to PFOS [β (95 % CI): 0.04 (0.02, 0.06)], PFOA [0.04 (0.01, 0.06)], and Me_PFOSA_AcOH [0.04 (0.02, 0.06)] was associated with a higher TyG index in adults. Notably, Me_PFOSA_AcOH was negatively associated with IR when assessed by HOMA-IR >2.6 [OR (95 % CI): 0.88 (0.79, 0.98)], although this was not supported by linear regression findings. When IR was defined by a TyG index >8.6, exposure to the highest quartiles of PFOS, PFOA, and Me_PFOSA_AcOH was associated with an increased risk of IR by 63 %, 42 %, and 85 %, respectively [1.63 (1.21, 2.20); 1.42 (1.06, 1.92); 1.85 (1.37, 2.50)]. PFOS, PFOA, and Me_PFOSA_AcOH demonstrated a nonlinear dose-response relationship with IR risk. The WQS and qgcomp models revealed significant positive correlations with the TyG index. Conclusion: Mixed PFAS exposure in US nondiabetic adults was positively associated with IR, as indicated by the TyG index, particularly for PFOS, PFOA, and Me_PFOSA_AcOH. Further research is needed to establish causality, and reinforcing environmental risk mitigation strategies to reduce PFAS exposure is recommended.

Narrow-linewidth semiconductor lasers are highly valued in scientific research and industrial applications owing to their high coherence and low phase noise characteristics, particularly in high-performance optical communications, sensing, and microwave photonic systems. Accuracy, a key objective of many application systems, is determined by the noise of the light source. As system accuracy improves, the requirements for the light source become more stringent, with linewidth reduction and noise reduction being the top priorities. Currently, extensive attention and research are focused on suppressing noise generated by narrow-linewidth lasers. This paper presents noise measurement methods, analyses of the mechanisms for noise suppression, and recent research progress in low-noise semiconductor lasers, focusing on material optimization, structural design, and feedback control. The limitations of current technological solutions are discussed, and future scientific trends are outlined.

Background: While suboptimal medication adherence remains an obstacle to the management of hypertension and diabetes in China, few studies have investigated associated factors with medication adherence on different dimensions simultaneously. Objective: To systematically examine associated patient, family, and community factors with suboptimal medication adherence among people with hypertension and/or type 2 diabetes in China. Methods: The study stratified a random sample of 622 adults aged 45 years or older with hypertension and/or type 2 diabetes from three southeast cities in China in 2019. Trained interviewers used the Morisky Green Levine Medication Adherence Scale, Self-Efficacy to Manage Chronic Disease (SEMCD) Scale, and the Family Adaptability, Partnership, Growth, Affection, and Resolve (APGAR) Scale to assess medication adherence, self-efficacy, and family function, respectively. Participants also reported their perceived satisfaction with community health services (quantity, quality, affordability, and overall acceptance). The study used the multivariable logistic regression to assess the association of patient, family, and community factors with suboptimal medication adherence. Results: Among the participants, 42.9% reported suboptimal medication adherence. In the multivariable logistic regression model, male participants (odds ratio [OR] = 0.55, p = 0.001) had higher medication adherence compared to females. Having a self-efficacy score that was lower than or equal to the sample mean was significantly associated with lower adherence (OR = 1.44, p = 0.039). Participants unsatisfied with the affordability of community health services and medicine had lower adherence (OR = 2.18, p = 0.028) than those neutral or satisfied. There were no significant associations between family function and medication adherence. Conclusions: Sex, self-efficacy, and perceived affordability of community health services were important factors associated with medication adherence. Healthcare professionals are recommended to consider multiple factors and leverage services and resources in community health centers when promoting medication adherence.

The connectivity of urban river networks plays an important role in cities in many aspects, such as urban water safety, water quality (WQ), and aquatic ecological balance. This study focuses on the river network and the Majiawan Wetland in the Chaoyang District of Beijing by establishing a two-dimensional hydrological WQ model employing various water allocation schemes between the river network and the wetland. Water circulation and WQ are the main indexes, and the effects of different scenarios on improving water circulation and WQ are simulated and compared. This study demonstrates that the addition of water replenishment at the intersection of river network and internal slow-water zones of the wetland (Scheme 2) has greater effectiveness in improving both hydrology and WQ compared to two other schemes. The water area of the Majiawan Wetland has expanded, and water velocity has increased. Using chemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus as the index values for determining the water class, the WQ of about 20% of the wetland area was reached Water Class II (domestic drinking water), with Water Class III (general industrial water) accounting for the other 80%. This study provides valuable evaluation and reference for similar areas of urban river network connectivity. HIGHLIGHTS This study established a comprehensive hydrological and water quality model for the urban river network-wetlands system.; We simulated and analyzed the water cycle allocation schemes of the urban river network-wetlands from the water allocation, water quality index changes and environmental impact evaluation, by using the established mathematical model.; The research results would offer valuable insights for optimizing water resource allocation and improving water quality in the study area and similar water systems.;

Abstract Background The association between exposure to PM2.5 chemical constituents and obesity remains to be elucidated, as most studies have used a single measure of obesity. This study aimed to investigate the associations of exposure to PM2.5 chemical constituents with general, abdominal, and visceral obesity, and the mediation effect of physical activity (PA) in the associations. Methods Based on a total of 49,819 adults from the baseline of the Yunnan Behavior and Disease Surveillance cohort (YBDS) in southern China in 2021, we used multiple linear regression, weighted quantile sum regression, and quantile regression to estimate independent and joint effects of PM2.5 chemical constituents on elevated BMI, waist circumference (WC) and visceral adiposity index (VAI) and whether these effects changed in quantiles. Mediation analysis was used to examine whether physical activity acts as a mediator in these pathways. Results Per IQR μg/m3 increase in all PM2.5 chemical constituents was significantly associated with the elevated BMI (β [95% CI]: 0.170 [0.127, 0.214]), WC (0.316 [0.217, 0.415]) and VAI (0.102 [0.075, 0.129]), with the largest weights from OM (53.89, 81.67, and 89.82%, respectively). The effects of PM2.5 chemical constituents on obesity showed an overall upward trend from quantiles 1–4 of BMI, WC, and VAI, especially with a rapid upward trend from the sixth decile of VAI. Reduced PA mediated 3.16, 7.08, and 3.78% of the associations between PM2.5 chemical constituents and elevated BMI, WC, and VAI, respectively. Conclusions Exposure to PM2.5 chemical constituents, especially OM, was significantly associated with increased risks for obesity in adults. The effects of associations increased with obesity severity, with PA playing a mediation role.

Abstract Background Evidence of the optimal blood pressure (BP) target for older adults with disability in long-term care is limited. We aim to analyze the associations of BP with mortality in older adults in long-term care setting with different levels of disability. Methods This prospective cohort study was based on the government-led long-term care programme in Chengdu, China, including 41,004 consecutive disabled adults aged ≥ 60 years. BP was measured during the baseline survey by trained medical personnel using electronic sphygmomanometers. Disability profile was assessed using the Barthel index. The association between blood pressure and mortality was analyzed with doubly robust estimation, which combined exposure model by inverse probability weighting and outcome model fitted with Cox regression. The non-linearity was examined by restricted cubic spline. The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality, and the secondary endpoints were cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular mortality. Results The associations between systolic blood pressure (SBP) and all-cause mortality were close to a U-shaped curve in mild-moderate disability group (Barthel index ≥ 40), and a reversed J-shaped in severe disability group (Barthel index

Abiotic stress reduces plant yield and quality. WRKY transcription factors play key roles in abiotic stress responses in plants, but the molecular mechanisms by which WRKY transcription factors mediate responses to drought and osmotic stresses in apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) remain unclear. Here, we functionally characterized the apple Group III WRKY gene MdWRKY115. qRT-PCR analysis showed that MdWRKY115 expression was up-regulated by drought and osmotic stresses. GUS activity analysis revealed that the promoter activity of MdWRKY115 was enhanced under osmotic stress. Subcellular localization and transactivation assays indicated that MdWRKY115 was localized to the nucleus and had a transcriptional activity domain at the N-terminal region. Transgenic analysis revealed that the overexpression of MdWRKY115 in Arabidopsis plants and in apple callus markedly enhanced their tolerance to drought and osmotic stresses. DNA affinity purification sequencing showed that MdWRKY115 binds to the promoter of the stress-related gene MdRD22. This binding was further verified by an electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Collectively, these findings suggest that MdWRKY115 is an important regulator of osmotic and drought stress tolerance in apple.

In order to clarify the microscopic dynamics mechanism of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) adsorption and diffusion in coal, and to reveal the influence mechanism of different temperatures and pressures on the molecular adsorption and diffusion characteristics of coal adsorbed H2S, based on the Giant Canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC), Molecular Dynamics (MD), and Density Functional Theory (DFT) methods, the adsorption-diffusion characteristics of H2S in the gas-fertilized coal macromolecule model at temperatures ranging from 273.15 K to 313.15 K and pressures ranging from 1 to 1 000 kPa were investigated using Material Studio software. The results showed that the saturated adsorption of H2S decreased from 38.34 mL/g to 31.85 mL/g at an increase in temperature from 273.15 K to 313.15 K, which is a 16.93% decrease. The effect of temperature on adsorption is most sensitive when the pressure is 1 kPa. The most significant interaction energy increased from −39.391 kJ/mol to −34.301 kJ/mol when the pressure was increased from 1 kPa to 1 000 kPa at a temperature of 293.15 K. With the pressure increased, the most significant interaction energy increased first rapidly and then slowly. During the adsorption of H2S, the isocratic heat of adsorption of H2S was in the range of 36.63−41.43 kJ/mol, which is a physical adsorption. The isocratic heat of adsorption showed a negative exponential change with increasing adsorption volume. The Gibbs free energy ΔG of H2S was from −3.57 to −24.57 kJ/mol, and the entropy of adsorption ΔS was from −0.126 to −0.194 8 kJ/(mol·K). The absolute values of ΔG and ΔS linearly decreased with increasing adsorption amount, and the adsorption spontaneity of H2S and the chaos of the system decreased. The interaction energy of H2S with gas-fertilized coal was ranged from −492.47 to −3 390.95 kJ/mol, which was dominated by van der Waals’ energy accounting for 58.67% of the total energy, and supplemented by electrostatic energy accounting for 41.33%. As the adsorption capacity increased, the absolute value of interaction energy increased, and the changes in adsorption capacity and interaction energy were consistent. H2S interacted most strongly with the carboxyl group, followed by the hydroxyl group. Double layer adsorption of H2S occurred around —OH, —COOH, —C=O. The temperature was increased from 273.15 K to 313.15 K. The diffusion coefficient of H2S molecules was increased from 1.066×10−10 m2/s to 2.025×10−10 m2/s, and the activation energy of diffusion was 11.206 kJ/mol. An increase in temperature can lead to the opening of previously closed pores and channels, increasing the connectivity of cracks. As the temperature rises, it increases the average free path of H2S molecules, enhancing their diffusion ability. The limiting heat of adsorption of H2S was 42.898 kJ/mol. The H2S concentration distribution showed a multi-peak structure, and H2S was distributed in a laminar structure in the gas-fertilized coal macromolecule model. H2S had hydrogen bonding with —OH, —COOH, and —C=O reactive groups on the coal body, and there was a weak chemisorption of H2S in the early stage of adsorption.

Abstract In order to understand the mechanical properties and the fracture surface roughness characteristics of thermally damaged granite under dynamic splitting, dynamic Brazilian splitting tests were conducted on granite samples after thermal treatment at 25, 200, 400, and 600°C. Results show that the dynamic peak splitting strength of thermally damaged granite samples increases with increasing strain rate, showing obvious strain‐rate sensitivity. With increasing temperature, thermally induced cracks in granite transform from intergranular cracks to intragranular cracks, and to a transgranular crack network. Thermally induced damages reduce the dynamic peak splitting strength and the maximum absorbed energy while increasing the peak radial strain. The fracture mode of the thermally damaged granite under dynamic loads is mode II splitting failure. By using the axial roughness index Z 2 a, the distribution ranges of the wedge‐shaped failure zones and the tensile failure zones in the fracture surfaces under dynamic Brazilian splitting can be effectively identified. The radial roughness index Z 2 r is sensitive to the strain rate and temperature. It shows a linear correlation with the peak splitting strength and the maximum absorbed energy and a linear negative correlation with the peak radial strain. Z 2 r can be used to quantitatively estimate the dynamic parameters based on the models proposed.

Abstract In order to meet the current needs of power transmission, people have turned their attention to direct current (DC) transmission. When the alternating current(AC) power grid (PG) fails, it is easy to cause commutation failure in the DC system, thereby increasing the fault scope of the system. Therefore, this article adopts a flexible DC transmission system. Flexible DC converters have many control parameters, and there are mutual influences and conflicts between these parameters. By applying intelligent algorithms to multi‐objective optimization (MOP), these complex MOP problems can be effectively solved and an optimal set of control parameter combinations can be found. This method has an important contribution and novelty for optimizing the converter control parameters of flexible DC transmission systems. This article achieves fast and accurate MOP of the control parameters of flexible DC transmission converters by continuously detecting the similarities between antibodies and maintaining the diversity of the population. The research results show that the average DC side current is about 405A in the first 20 seconds, and the DC side current fluctuates regularly after 20 seconds. This article lays the foundation for establishing a real‐time simulation model of flexible DC transmission systems suitable for real‐time simulation systems.

BackgroundTemozolomide, which is the standard drug for glioma treatment, has several Adverse events (AEs) in the treatment of gliomas and other tumors that are not yet fully understood. This is due to the pharmacological nature of the alkylating agent. A significant proportion of these effects have not been systematically documented or reported.MethodsWe selected data from the United States FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database from the first quarter of 2004 to the fourth quarter of 2023. Four algorithms were used for disproportionate analysis, with the objective of assessing the association between temozolomide and related adverse events.ResultsIn this study, 20,079,906 case reports were collected from the FAERS database, of which 15,152 adverse events related to temozolomide were reported. A total of 352 preferred terms (PTs) and 24 system organ classes (SOCs) that were significantly disproportionally related to the four algorithms were included. The SOCs included blood and lymphatic system disorders (χ2 = 18,220.09, n = 4,325); skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders (χ2 = 408.06, n = 1,347); investigations (χ2 = 639.44, n = 3,925); musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders (χ2 = 1,317.29, n = 588); and psychiatric disorders (χ2 = 1,098.47, n = 877). PT levels were screened for adverse drug reaction signals consistent with drug inserts, such as anemia, thrombocytopenia, liver function abnormalities, nausea and vomiting, as well as rarely reported adverse drug reactions, such as aplastic anemia, myelodysplastic syndromes, electrolyte disorders, cerebral edema, and high-frequency mutations.ConclusionThe results of our investigation demonstrated both adverse effects that had been reported and a multitude of unreported adverse effects that were serious in nature and lacked a clear cause. These novel findings suggest that more attention should be given to the clinical conditions of patients after treatment to provide a more comprehensive perspective and understanding for further clarifying the safety of temozolomide.

Aiming at the current lithium-ion battery storage power station model, which cannot effectively reflect the battery characteristics, a proposed electro-thermal coupling modeling method for storage power stations considers the characteristics of the battery body by combining the equivalent circuit model and accounting for the effect of temperature on the battery. Based on the modeling of a single lithium-ion battery, the equivalent circuit model and thermal model are integrated to create the battery’s electro-thermal coupling model. The parameters of this coupling model are determined using the particle swarm algorithm. On this basis, the battery compartment model of the energy storage station is analyzed and verified by utilizing the circuit series–parallel connection characteristics. Subsequently, the electro-thermal coupling model of the energy storage station is established. The dual Kalman filter algorithm is utilized to simulate and validate the electric–thermal coupling model of the energy storage power station, considering ontological factors such as battery voltage, current, and temperature. The results demonstrate that the established coupling model can accurately determine the SOC and temperature of the power station. This ability allows for a more precise reflection of the battery characteristics of the energy storage station. It also validates the accuracy and effectiveness of the electric–thermal coupling model of the energy storage station. This finding is crucial for assessing the state and ensuring the safe operation of the battery system in the energy storage station.

Tubby-like proteins (TLPs) constitute a diverse multigene family found across a broad range of eukaryotic organisms, from single-celled to multicellular eukaryotes. Despite their importance, the existence of TLPs in walnuts (Juglans regia L.) has not been reported until now. In this study, we identified 12 members of the JrTLP gene family in the walnut genome, revealing a pattern of gene replication events. Notably, all JrTLPs exhibited a split gene structure, containing two to eight introns, and these genes could be divided into five distinct categories based on their evolutionary relationships. The majority of TLP proteins possess two signature domains: the F-box and Tubby domains. Subcellular localization prediction and experiments confirmed that JrTLP2 was located in the nucleus and membrane. Expression profiling revealed that multiple JrTLPs respond to a range of stimuli, including pathogen infection, hormonal treatment (such as auxin, ABA, MeJA, and GA), and abiotic stress conditions such as cold, heat, and salt. This study represents the first comprehensive identification of the walnut TLP family, providing valuable insights into the function and regulation of TLP in walnut and laying the foundation for future functional dissection, particularly in the context of stress tolerance.

Summary: Background: Long-term exposure to PM2.5 is known to increase the risks for diabetes and obesity, but its effects on their coexistence, termed diabesity, remain uncertain. This study aimed to investigate the associations of long-term exposure to PM2.5 and its chemical constituents with the risks for diabesity, diabetes, and obesity. Methods: This cross-sectional study used the baseline data of a multi-center cohort, consisting of three provincially representative cohorts comprising a total of 134,403 participants from the eastern (Fujian Province), central (Hubei Province), and western (Yunnan Province) regions of China. Obesity and diabetes, and diabesity were identified by a body mass index (BMI) ≥28 kg/m2 and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) ≥126 mg/dL. The average concentrations of PM2.5 and five chemical constituents (NO3−, SO42−, NH4+, organic matter, and black carbon) over participants’ residence during the past three years were estimated using machine learning models. Logistic regression models with double robust estimators, Bayesian kernel machine regression, and weighted quantile sum regression were employed to estimate independent and joint effects of PM2.5 chemical constituents on the risks for diabesity, diabetes, and obesity, as well as the differences from the effects on obesity. Stratified analyses were performed to examine effect modification of sociodemographic and lifestyle factors. Findings: There were 129,244 participants with a mean age of 54.1 ± 13.8 years included in the study. Each interquartile range increase in PM2.5 concentration (8.53 μg/m3) was associated with an increased risk for diabesity (OR = 1.23 [1.17, 1.30]), diabetes only (OR = 1.16 [1.13, 1.19]), and obesity only (OR = 1.03 [1.00, 1.05]). Long-term exposure to each PM2.5 chemical constituent was associated with an increased risk for diabesity, where organic matter exposure, with maximum weight (48%), was associated with a higher risk for diabesity (OR = 1.21 [1.16, 1.27]). Among those with obesity, black carbon contributed most (68%) to the joint effect of PM2.5 chemical constituents on diabesity (OR = 1.16 [1.11, 1.22]). Physical activity reduced adverse effects of PM2.5 on diabesity. Also, additive rather than multiplicative effects of obesity on the PM2.5-diabetes association were observed. Interpretation: Long-term exposure to PM2.5 and its chemical constituents was associated with an increased risk for diabesity, stronger than associations for diabetes and obesity alone. The main constituents associated with diabesity and obesity were black carbon and organic matter. Funding: National Natural Science Foundation of China (42271433, 723B2017), National Key R&D Program of China (2023YFC3604702), Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2042023kfyq04, 2042024kf1024), the Science and Technology Major Project of Tibetan Autonomous Region of China (XZ202201ZD0001G), Science and technology project of Tibet Autonomous Region（XZ202303ZY0007G), Key R&D Project of Sichuan Province (2023YFS0251), Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University (JCRCYG-2022-003), Jiangxi Provincial 03 Special Foundation and 5G Program (20224ABC03A05), Wuhan University Specific Fund for Major School-level Internationalization Initiatives (WHU-GJZDZX-PT07).

During the coal mining process, gas explosions pose significant hazards, causing casualties and property losses. In order to develop new types of inhibitors for gas explosions, this paper explores the reaction mechanisms of urea pyrolysis products NH3 and HNCO inhibiting gas explosions based on density functional theory (DFT), transition state theory, and grand canonical ensemble Monte Carlo method (GCMC). It analyzes the reaction processes and kinetic characteristics of urea pyrolysis products with key radicals and gas molecules involved in explosions from a microscopic dynamic perspective. The results show that urea pyrolysis products exhibit good inhibition effects on active radicals involved in explosion reactions·NH3 and HNCO show stronger van der Waals forces in electrostatic attraction towards O2 and *H, respectively, and faster rate advantages in reaction rate constants. The lower Gibbs free energy barrier indicates higher reaction activity of pyrolysis products, thereby diluting the concentration of key radicals involved in explosion reactions and effectively inhibiting explosion key elementary reactions (R32, R38, R53, R57, R156, and R170). This study provides new insights into the microscopic inhibition mechanism of urea pyrolysis products on gas explosions, offering a new approach for designing more targeted modified inhibitors, which helps reduce the hazards of gas explosions during coal mining and provides scientific support and technical guidance for safe coal mining production.

Abstract Background It’s difficult to treat segmental tibial fractures (STFs), which are intricate injuries associated with significant soft tissue damage. The aim of this study was to compare the clinical effect of hexaxial external fixator (HEF) and intramedullary nail (IMN) in treatment of STFs. Methods A total of 42 patients with STFs were finally recruited between January 2018 and June 2022. There were 25 males and 17 females with age range of 20 to 60 years. All fractures were classified as type 42C2 using the Arbeitsgemeinschaftfür Osteosythese/Orthopaedic Trauma Association (AO/OTA) classification. 22 patients were treated with HEF and 20 patients were treated with IMN. The condition of vascular and neural injuries, time of full weight bearing, bone union time and infection rate were documented and analyzed between the two groups. The mechanical medial proximal tibial angle (mMPTA), mechanical posterior proximal tibial angle (mPPTA), mechanical lateral distal tibial angle (mLDTA), mechanical anterior distal tibial angle (mADTA), hospital for special surgery (HSS) knee joint score, American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle joint score, range of motion (ROM) of flexion of keen joint and ROM of plantar flexion and dorsal flexion of ankle joint were compared between the two groups at the last clinical visit. Results There were no vascular and neural injuries or other severe complications in both groups. All 22 patients in HEF group underwent closed reduction but 3 patients in IMN group were treated by open reduction. The time of full weight bearing was (11.3 ± 3.2) days in HEF group and (67.8 ± 5.8) days in IMN group(P 0.05). The ROM of dorsal flexion of ankle joint in IMN group was (30.4 ± 3.5)°, better than (21.6 ± 2.8)° in HEF group (P

Abstract Bisphenol F epoxy resin (EP) is often used in terminal current lead insulation of superconducting equipment because of its good insulation performance, high mechanical strength, good toughness at cryogenic temperatures, and resistance to cold shock and heat shock. However, due to the wide temperature range of 80–300 K and the strong electric field, the EP‐N2 interface is prone to surface flashover, resulting in terminal insulation failure. To improve the reliability of the current lead insulation, non‐linear conductive EP/strontium titanate (SrTiO3) composites were prepared by modification with nano filling. The changes of dielectric, surface discharge, flashover, and trap distribution characteristics of composite materials were studied, and the mechanism of SrTiO3 on the surface flashover of composite materials was analysed. The results show that the conductivity of the composite increases with the rise of SrTiO3 filling content, and the amplitude of improvement is greater under the strong electric field, showing a more significant non‐linearity. The composite has a lower trap energy level and a greater number of shallow traps compared to pure EP, which accelerates surface charge de‐trapping and reduces charge accumulation, effectively enhancing the discharge and surface flashover voltage of the composite.

Abstract Background Healthy lifestyles are crucial for preventing chronic diseases. Nonetheless, approximately 90% of Chinese community residents regularly engage in at least one unhealthy lifestyle. Mobile smart devices-based health interventions (mHealth) that incorporate theoretical frameworks regarding behavioral change in interaction with the environment may provide an appealing and cost-effective approach for promoting sustainable adaptations of healthier lifestyles. We designed a randomized controlled trial (RCT) to evaluate the effectiveness of a socioecological model-guided, smart device-based, and self-management-oriented lifestyles (3SLIFE) intervention, to promote healthy lifestyles among Chinese community residents. Methods This two-arm, parallel, cluster-RCT with a 6-month intervention and 6-month follow-up period foresees to randomize a total of 20 communities/villages from 4 townships in a 1:1 ratio to either intervention or control. Within these communities, a total of at least 256 community residents will be enrolled. The experimental group will receive a multi-level intervention based on the socioecological model supplemented with a multi-dimensional empowerment approach. The control group will receive information only. The primary outcome is the reduction of modifiable unhealthy lifestyles at six months, including smoking, excess alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, unbalanced diet, and overweight/obesity. A reduction by one unhealthy behavior measured with the Healthy Lifestyle Index Score (HLIS) will be considered favorable. Secondary outcomes include reduction of specific unhealthy lifestyles at 3 months, 9 months, and 12 months, and mental health outcomes such as depression measured with PHQ-9, social outcomes such as social support measured with the modified Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, clinical outcomes such as obesity, and biomedical outcomes such as the development of gut microbiota. Data will be analyzed with mixed effects generalized linear models with family and link function determined by outcome distribution and accounting for clustering of participants in communities. Discussion This study will provide evidence concerning the effect of a mHealth intervention that incorporates a behavioral change theoretical framework on cultivating and maintaining healthy lifestyles in community residents. The study will provide insights into research on and application of similar mHealth intervention strategies to promote healthy lifestyles in community populations and settings. Trial registration number ChiCTR2300070575. Date of registration: April 17, 2023. https://www.chictr.org.cn/index.aspx .

To determine the impact of high-temperature-induced thermal damage on the acoustic emission characteristics and fracture mechanism of granite during various stress stages, uniaxial compression tests and real-time acoustic emission monitoring of thermally damaged granite at 25, 200, 400, and 600 ℃ were performed. The peak frequencies of thermally damaged granites, the distribution characteristics of RA-AF (AE rise time/AE amplitude-AE average frequency) data, and the distribution patterns of energy concentration \begin{document}$\rho $\end{document} at various loading stages were investigated. The results show that the stress stages of granite under uniaxial compression conditions after thermal damage at each temperature can be divided into the following stages: Stage Ⅰ corresponds to the crack compaction stage; Stage Ⅱ corresponds to the crack emergence and stable development stage; Stage Ⅲ corresponds to the crack unstable development stage; and Stage Ⅳ corresponds to the post-peak damage stage based on the acoustic emission development characteristics. Further, the more severe the thermal damage to the granite, the earlier the granite enters Stage II and the longer the duration of this stage. The acoustic emission peak frequency of thermally damaged granite at different temperatures exhibits a band distribution across four principal frequency regions. With increasing severity of thermal damage, the generation of medium- and high-frequency fracture signals occurs earlier, resulting in a wider distribution range of the primary frequency bands. In addition, there is a decrease in the occurrence of ultrahigh frequency signals during the failure stage. The distribution characteristics of the acoustic emission RA-AF data of the thermally damaged granite at different temperatures can provide insights into the cracking mechanism observed during different stress stages. Subsequently, Stage I generates a small amount of tensile and tension–shear cracks; Stage II generates mixed tension–shear cracks; Stage III generates tensile and mixed tension–shear cracks while shear cracks continue to develop and enlarge; and Stage IV generates numerous shear cracks. The thermally damaged granite is more likely to produce shear cracks under pressure. The higher the temperature of thermal damage, the more shear cracks develop. The curve of energy concentration based on acoustic emission data during uniaxial compression of granite contains three major stages: the initial irregular fluctuation, stable, and abrupt drop stages, which have obvious correspondence to stages I, II, and III, respectively. The abrupt change point between the stable and abrupt drop stages of the energy concentration curve can be used as a failure precursor for granite samples under uniaxial compression.

Abstract In order to understand the effect of grain size on the mechanical and electrical responses of natural-cooled high-temperature granite, uniaxial compression tests were carried out on natural cooled coarse- and fine-grained granite samples subjected to thermal treatment at room temperature, 200 °C, 400 °C, and 600 °C respectively. The resistivity and acoustic emission (AE) during the compression were monitored and changes in physical and mechanical properties, the AE and resistivity characteristics in the loading process were analyzed. Results show that high temperature exerts a more significant effect on deteriorating the coarse-grained granite. Changes in resistivity can reflect the development of rock damage. Corresponding to the compaction stage, crack initiation and stable propagation stage, and crack rapid propagation stage of rock under compressive load, changes in resistivity can be divided into three stages accordingly, including the initial rapid descent stage, the gentle descent stage, and the secondary rapid descent stage for the thermal-treated rock at 25–400 °C. The secondary rapid descent stage of resistivity can be used as a precursor for rock entering into the failure stage. The resistivity change is more sensitive to the damage development in coarse-grained granite.

Abstract Background Recent state-of-the-art sequencing technologies enable the investigation of challenging regions in the human genome and expand the scope of variant benchmarking datasets. Herein, we sequence a Chinese Quartet, comprising two monozygotic twin daughters and their biological parents, using four short and long sequencing platforms (Illumina, BGI, PacBio, and Oxford Nanopore Technology). Results The long reads from the monozygotic twin daughters are phased into paternal and maternal haplotypes using the parent–child genetic map and for each haplotype. We also use long reads to generate haplotype-resolved whole-genome assemblies with completeness and continuity exceeding that of GRCh38. Using this Quartet, we comprehensively catalogue the human variant landscape, generating a dataset of 3,962,453 SNVs, 886,648 indels (

This paper introduces a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) with high power and narrow linewidth broadening achieved through active region mode control. By integrating mode control with broad-spectrum epitaxial material design, the device achieves high gain, high power, and wide band output. At a wavelength of 1550 nm and an ambient temperature of 20 °C, the output power reaches 757 mW when the input power is 25 mW, and the gain is 21.92 dB when the input power is 4 mW. The 3 dB gain bandwidth is 88 nm, and the linewidth expansion of the input laser after amplification through the SOA is only 1.031 times. The device strikes a balance between high gain and high power, offering a new amplifier option for long-range light detection and ranging (LiDAR).

As LiDAR technology progressively advances, the capability of radar in detecting targets has become increasingly vital across diverse domains, including industrial, military, and automotive sectors. Frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) LiDAR in particular has garnered substantial interest due to its efficient direct velocity measurement and excellent anti-interference characteristics. It is widely recognized for its significant potential within radar technology. This study begins by elucidating the operational mechanism of FMCW LiDAR and delves into its basic principles. It discuss, in depth, the influence of various parameters on FMCW LiDAR’s performance and reviews the latest progress in the field. This paper proposes that future studies should focus on the synergistic optimization of key parameters to promote the miniaturization, weight reduction, cost-effectiveness, and longevity of FMCW LiDAR systems. This approach aims at the comprehensive development of FMCW LiDAR, striving for significant improvements in system performance. By optimizing these key parameters, the goal is to promote FMCW LiDAR technology, ensuring more reliable and accurate applications in automated driving and environmental sensing.

Chinese sportsmanship is the essence of Chinese sports and national spirit, and the soul and essence of Chinese sports. In reality, people understand the sportsmanship as a form of exercise that is detached from the spiritual level, neglecting the spiritual value comparable to physical exercise, concealing its deep spiritual connotations and placing the spirit of sports in a corner, away from the “bravery of the soul and the vitality of the body” of sports. The philosophical foundation and historical development of Chinese sports spirit have been explored and examined, aiming to understand the profound connotation and value of Chinese sports spirit. Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, the spirit of Chinese sports has played a special leading role in China, and has been widely recognized and affirmed by the Party Central Committee and various social classes. However, people’s understanding of it is not deep enough and is only in the preliminary research stage. In order to adapt to various needs, the in-depth exploration of the philosophical examination of Chinese sportsmanship has significant theoretical value and practical significance. The Chinese sports spirit is not only about physical exercise, but also emphasizes physical and mental harmony, both internal and external cultivation, and the pursuit of a state of physical and mental pleasure and comfort. The Chinese sports spirit is in line with traditional Chinese philosophical thoughts, such as “harmony between heaven and man” and social harmony.

Abstract Li–CO2/O2 batteries, a promising energy storage technology, not only provide ultrahigh discharge capacity but also capture CO2 and turn it into renewable energy. Their electrochemical reaction pathways' ambiguity, however, creates a hurdle for their practical application. This study used copper selenide (CuSe) nanosheets as the air cathode medium in an environmental transmission electron microscope to in situ study Li–CO2/O2 (mix CO2 as well as O2 at a volume ratio of 1:1) and Li–O2 batteries as well as Li–CO2 batteries. Primary discharge reactions take place successively in the Li–CO2/O2–CuSe nanobattery: (I) 4Li+ + O2 + 4e− → 2Li2O; (II) Li2O + CO2 → Li2CO3. The charge reaction proceeded via (III) 2Li2CO3 → 4Li+ + 2CO2 + O2 + 4e−. However, Li–O2 and Li–CO2 nanobatteries showed poor cycling stability, suggesting the difficulty in the direct decomposition of the discharge product. The fluctuations of the Li–CO2/O2 battery's electrochemistry were also shown to depend heavily on O2. The CuSe‐based Li–CO2/O2 battery showed exceptional electrochemical performance. The Li–CO2/O2 battery offered a discharge capacity apex of 15,492 mAh g−1 and stable cycling 60 times at 100 mA g−1. Our research offers crucial insight into the electrochemical behavior of Li–CO2/O2, Li–O2, and Li–CO2 nanobatteries, which may help the creation of high‐performance Li–CO2/O2 batteries for energy storage applications.

Phragmites australis is a prevalent species in the Chongming Dongtan wetland and is capable of thriving in various tidal flat environments, including high salinity habitats. P. australis population displays inconsistent ecological performances, highlighting the need to uncover their survival strategies and mechanisms in tidal flats with diverse soil salinities. Upon comparing functional traits of P. australis at multiple tidal flats (low, middle, and high) and their responses to soil physicochemical properties, this study aimed to clarify the salt-tolerant strategy of P. australis and the corresponding mechanisms. These results showed that leaf characteristics, such as specific leaf area and leaf dry matter content, demonstrated more robust stability to soil salinity than shoot height and dry weight. Furthermore, as salt stress intensified, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxisome (POD) in P. australis leaves at low tidal flat exhibited an increased upward trend compared to those at other tidal flats. The molecular mechanism of salt tolerance in Phragmites australis across various habitats was investigated using transcriptome sequencing. Weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) combined with differentially expressed genes (DEGs) screened out 3 modules closely related to high salt tolerance and identified 105 core genes crucial for high salt tolerance. Further research was carried out on the few degraded populations at low tidal flat, and 25 core genes were identified by combining WGCNA and DEGs. A decrease in the activity of ferroptosis marker gonyautoxin-4 and an increase in the content of Fe3+ in the degenerated group were observed, indicating that ferroptosis might participate in degradation. Furthermore, correlation analysis indicated a possible regulatory network between salt tolerance and ferroptosis. In short, this study provided new insights into the salt tolerance mechanism of P. australis population along tidal flats.

Abstract Solid‐state batteries (SSBs) are attracting growing interest as long‐lasting, thermally resilient, and high‐safe energy storage systems. As an emerging area of battery chemistry, there are many issues with SSBs, including strongly reductive lithium anodes, oxidized cathodes (state of charge), the thermodynamic stability limits of solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs), and the ubiquitous and critical interfaces. In this Review, we provided an overview of the main obstacles in the development of SSBs, such as the lithium anode|SSEs interface, the cathode|SSEs interface, lithium‐ion transport in the SSEs, and the root origin of lithium intrusions, as well as the safety issues caused by the dendrites. Understanding and overcoming these obstacles are crucial but also extremely challenging as the localized and buried nature of the intimate contact between electrode and SSEs makes direct detection difficult. We reviewed advanced characterization techniques and discussed the complex ion/electron‐transport mechanism that have been plaguing electrochemists. Finally, we focused on studying and revealing the coupled electro‐chemo‐mechanical behavior occurring in the lithium anode, cathode, SSEs, and beyond.

Summary: Obesity and overweight are significant global health issues, and numerous obesity intervention studies have been conducted. Summarizing current knowledge of interventions aims to inform researchers and policymakers to keep up-to-date with the latest scientific advancements and trends. In this review, we comprehensively retrieved and screened 4,541 studies on obesity intervention published between 2018 and 2022 in the Web of Science Core Collection, and objectively presented research frontiers using bibliometric analysis. The research frontiers of intervention are mainly focused on dietary, exercise, pharmacological interventions, bariatric surgery, environmental, and cognitive interventions. Time-restricted eating is the hottest research topic, followed by probiotics and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Gut microbiota is located in the “Basic and transversal themes” quadrant with a high centrality and low density, which has great development potentiality. Obesity intervention is becoming increasingly common,and we advocate for researchers to undertake more focused research endeavors that consider the specific characteristics of diverse populations or patients.

Abstract Background Genomic DNA reference materials are widely recognized as essential for ensuring data quality in omics research. However, relying solely on reference datasets to evaluate the accuracy of variant calling results is incomplete, as they are limited to benchmark regions. Therefore, it is important to develop DNA reference materials that enable the assessment of variant detection performance across the entire genome. Results We established a DNA reference material suite from four immortalized cell lines derived from a family of parents and monozygotic twins. Comprehensive reference datasets of 4.2 million small variants and 15,000 structural variants were integrated and certified for evaluating the reliability of germline variant calls inside the benchmark regions. Importantly, the genetic built-in-truth of the Quartet family design enables estimation of the precision of variant calls outside the benchmark regions. Using the Quartet reference materials along with study samples, batch effects are objectively monitored and alleviated by training a machine learning model with the Quartet reference datasets to remove potential artifact calls. Moreover, the matched RNA and protein reference materials and datasets from the Quartet project enables cross-omics validation of variant calls from multiomics data. Conclusions The Quartet DNA reference materials and reference datasets provide a unique resource for objectively assessing the quality of germline variant calls throughout the whole-genome regions and improving the reliability of large-scale genomic profiling.

Abstract Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is characterized by metabolic dysfunctions and could predict future risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). However, the traditionally defined dichotomous MetS neither reflected MetS severity nor considered demographic variations. Here we develop a continuous, age-sex-ethnicity-specific MetS score based on continuous measures of the five metabolic dysfunctions (waist circumference [WC], triglycerides [TG], high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C], mean arterial pressure [MAP], and fasting blood glucose [FBG]). We find that the weights of metabolic dysfunctions in the score vary across age-sex-ethnicity-specific subgroups, with higher weights for TG, HDL-C, and WC. Each unit increase in the score is associated with increased risks for hyperlipidemia, diabetes, and hypertension, and elevated levels of HbA1c, cholesterol, body mass index, and serum uric acid. The score shows high sensitivity and accuracy for detecting CVD-related risk factors and is validated in different geographical regions. Our study would advance early identification of CVD risks and, more broadly, preventive medicine and sustainable development goals.

Abstract Background Ruminant livestock production is a considerable source of enteric methane (CH4) emissions. In a previous study, we found that dietary inclusions of Bacillus subtilis (BS) and Macleaya cordata extract (MCE) increased dry matter intake and milk production, while reduced enteric CH4 emission in dairy cows. The objective of this study was to further elucidate the impact of feeding BS and MCE on rumen methanogenesis in dairy cows using rumen metagenomics techniques. Results Sixty dairy cows were blocked in 20 groups of 3 cows accordingly to their live weight, milk yield, and days in milk, and within each group, the 3 cows were randomly allocated to 1 of 3 treatments: control diet (CON), control diet plus BS (BS), and control diet plus MCE (MCE). After 75 days of feeding experimental diets, 12 cows were selected from each treatment for collection of rumen samples for the metagenomic sequencing. Results showed that BS decreased ruminal acetate and butyrate, while increased propionate concentrations, resulting in decreased acetate:propionate ratio. The metagenomics analysis revealed that MCE reduced relative abundances of Methanobrevibacter wolinii, Methanobrevibacter sp. AbM4, Candidatus Methanomassiliicoccus intestinalis, Methanobrevibacter cuticularis, Methanomicrobium mobile, Methanobacterium formicicum, and Methanobacterium congolense. Both BS and MCE reduced relative abundances of Methanosphaera sp. WGK6 and Methanosphaera stadtmanae. The co-occurrence network analysis of rumen bacteria and archaea revealed that dietary treatments influenced microbial interaction patterns, with BS and MCE cows having more and stronger associations than CON cows. The random forest and heatmaps analysis demonstrated that the Halopenitus persicus was positively correlated with fat- and protein-corrected milk yield; Clostridium sp. CAG 269, Clostridium sp. 27 14, Haloarcula rubripromontorii, and Methanobrevibacter curvatus were negatively correlated with rumen acetate and butyrate concentrations, and acetate:propionate ratio, whereas Selenomonas rumiantium was positively correlated with those variables. Conclusions The present results provided new information for mitigation of enteric methane emissions of dairy cows by feeding BS and MCE to influence rumen microbial activities. This fundamental knowledge is essential for developing enteric CH4 reduction strategies to mitigate climate change and reduce dietary energy waste. Video Abstract

Henan Power Grid is located in the north of Central China Power Grid. During its energy transition, thermal power units will be decommissioned on a large scale. Therefore, the scale of the new energy grid connection and regional external power will be further greatly increased to match the load growth demand. Under this background, Henan Power Grid plans to introduce the third HVDC (High Voltage Direct Current). Based on the actual data and the current operation status of Henan Power Grid, this paper proposes an analysis strategy about VSC-HVDC (Voltage Source Converter HVDC) to improve the support capability of the receiving power grid with multi-infeed HVDC. In recent years, VSC-HVDC technology has emerged with the strengths of flexible power regulation and strong voltage support. This paper firstly analyzes the VSC-HVDC power transmission characteristics and clarifies the mechanism of the VSC-HVDC power regulation. Then, based on the actual planning of Henan power grid, the influence of two feed-in schemes (LCC-HVDC (Line Commutated Converter HVDC) and VSC-HVDC) on the voltage stability of power grid and the number of subsequent commutation failures of other conventional DC are compared and analyzed under the three-phase short-circuit fault of AC lines near HVDC terminal location by using PSD-BPA simulation software. The results show that the VSC-HVDC scheme can effectively alleviate the voltage fluctuation (duration within 1 s and fluctuation number within 2 times) after the fault and restrain the number of subsequent commutation failures of conventional DC(with 2 times and even none).

To bridge the gap in the research on the control and drive methods of the key equipment of the new subsea production control system, all-electric subsea gate valve actuator, and to solve the problems of the valve control and drive system in the traditional subsea production system, this paper proposed a full-featured and feasible electrical system of the all-electric subsea gate valve actuator containing the control system and the drive system. The key functions were realized, including status monitoring, redundant communication, redundant power supply, redundant drive, and low-power open-position holding. The electrical system is suitable for monitoring and controlling all-electric subsea gate valve actuators with various specifications and is highly integrated, open, efficient, and real-time. The electrical system prototype was developed and successfully tested for several functions. The results showed that the all-electric subsea gate valve actuator electrical system was capable of controlling and driving the actuator, monitoring the status information of the internal and external environment of the system, as well as the power output information of the drive system, and having redundancy features.

Modulated pressure waves propagating in the drilling fluids inside the drill string are a reliable real-time communication technology that transmit data from downhole to the surface during oil and gas drilling. In the analysis of pressure waves’ propagation characteristics, the modeling of transient friction in non-Newtonian fluids remains a great challenge. This paper establishes a numerical model for transient pipe flow of power-law non-Newtonian fluids by using the weighted residual collocation method. Then, the Newton–Raphson method is applied to solve the nonlinear equations. The numerical method is validated by using the theoretical solution of Newtonian fluids and is proven to converge reliably with larger time steps. Finally, the influencing factors of the wall shear stress are analyzed using this numerical method. For shear-thinning fluids, the friction loss of periodic flow decreases with the increase in flow rate, which is opposite to the variation law of friction with the flow rate for stable pipe flow. Keeping the amplitude of pressure pulsation unchanged, an increase in frequency leads to a decrease in velocity fluctuations; therefore, the friction loss decreases with the increase in frequency.

Polarization-insensitive semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) in all-optical networks can improve the signal-light quality and transmission rate. Herein, to reduce the gain sensitivity to polarization, a multi-quantum-well SOA in the 1550 nm band is designed, simulated, and developed. The active region mainly comprises the quaternary compound InGaAlAs, as differences in the potential barriers and wells of the components cause lattice mismatch. Consequently, a strained quantum well is generated, providing the SOA with gain insensitivity to the polarization state of light. In simulations, the SOA with ridge widths of 4 µm, 5 µm, and 6 µm is investigated. A 3 dB gain bandwidth of >140 nm is achieved with a 4 µm ridge width, whereas a 6 µm ridge width provides more output power and gain. The saturated output power is 150 mW (21.76 dB gain) at an input power of 0 dBm but increases to 233 mW (13.67 dB gain) at an input power of 10 dBm. The polarization sensitivity is

Abstract Background Healthcare workers suffered with high prevalence of occupational burnout, which might be related with their job satisfaction and well-being. This study aimed to provide evidence of complex interrelations among occupational burnout, flourishing, and job satisfaction, and identify key variables from the perspective of network structure among healthcare workers. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted between July and October 2021, and 907 (the response rate was 98.4%) HIV/AIDS healthcare workers completed their sociodemographic characteristics, occupational burnout, flourishing and job satisfaction. Network analysis was conducted to investigate the interrelations of occupational burnout, flourishing, and job satisfaction communities, and identify central variables and bridges connecting different communities with different bridge strength thresholds in the network structure. The Network Comparison Test (NCT) was conducted to examine the gender differences in networks. Results In the network, feeling exhausted at work (strength: 1.42) and feeling frustrated at work (1.27) in occupational burnout community, and interested in daily activities (1.32) in flourishing community were central variables. Bridges in the network were job reward satisfaction (bridge strength: 0.31), satisfaction with job itself (0.25), and job environment satisfaction (0.19) in job satisfaction community, as well as interested in daily activities (0.29) and feeling respectable (0.18) in flourishing community, with bridges selected with top 20% bridge strengths. Feeling frustrated at work (0.14) in occupational burnout community and leading a purposeful and meaningful life (0.11) in flourishing community became bridges when using thresholds of top 25% and 30% bridge strengths, respectively. We also observed higher network densities in females (network density: 0.37) than that in males (0.34), and gender differences in the distribution of partial correlation coefficients (M = 0.27, P = 0.017). Conclusions In the network structure of occupational burnout-flourishing-job satisfaction, feeling frustrated at work in occupational burnout community and interested in daily activities in flourishing community were both central variables and bridges, which may be targeted variables to intervene to alleviate the overall level of symptoms in the network and therefore prevent poor health outcomes in healthcare workers.

Abstract Background The geographic information science-based interactive map provided good prospects for the public health to study disease prevalence. The purpose of this study is to understand global spatial–temporal trends of childhood overweight and obesity and underlying causes help formulating intervention strategies. Methods This multiple cross-sectional study included data on childhood overweight and obesity prevalence, gross national income per capita, and urbanization rate for 191 countries from 1975–2016. Autoregressive integrated moving average model, standard deviational ellipse model and mixed-effects models were used to explore spatial–temporal trends of childhood overweight and obesity and associations with gross national income per capita and urbanization rate. Results Globally, childhood overweight and obesity rate would reach 30.0% in 2030 (boys: 34.2%, girls: 27.4%). By 2030, it would reach 58.3% in middle- and high-income countries and 68.1% in Western Pacific region. Spatial–temporal trendline for childhood overweight and obesity in 1975–2030 exhibited a “C” shape, migrating from 1975 (15.6。E, 24.6。N) to 2005 (10.6。E, 21.7。N), then to 2030 (14.8。E, 17.4。N). The trendline for urbanization rate was also an irregular "C", and the turning point appeared five years earlier than childhood overweight and obesity. Conclusions Globally, childhood overweight and obesity prevalence will continue to increase. Its weight mean center migrated from western countries to Asia and Africa following economic development.

With rising wages and increasing maturity of computer technology, computer use in the workplace is becoming increasingly common. Based on data from an urban labor survey, 58 percent of urban workers used computers at work in 2016. Using computer price and density as instrumental variables, we identify the estimation bias from the simultaneous determination of computer use and its productivity effect. We further identify the productivity effect based on computer use frequency. With the above econometric issues taken into account, computer use at work significantly boosts labor productivity and increases workers' wage returns by 48.4 percent.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271231.].

BackgroundNon-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a common psychological and behavioral problem among adolescents. The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on people’s mental health. To date, few studies have documented the temporal changes in adolescents’ psychological status during the pandemic, as well as the impact of large-scale public health intervention strategies. This study contributes to the existing evidence on the subject.MethodsParticipants were 6,023 adolescents aged 10 years and older, with data from two waves of longitudinal surveys, including data for a 7-month interval before and during the pandemic. A cross-lagged model was used to test the bidirectional relationship between NSSI and depressive symptoms in adolescents; logistic regression analysis was used to explore the predictors of NSSI implementation in adolescents with depressive symptoms.ResultsIn this study, 32.69% participants reported depressive symptoms at baseline and 34.27% at follow-up; 44.34% participants with depressive symptoms reported NSSI at baseline and 53.44% at follow-up. The duration of the online class, depressed affect, and somatic and related activity were the risk factors for NSSI; sleep duration and positive mood were the protective factors. The lag effect of depression symptoms on NSSI is significant, and so is NSSI on depressive symptoms.ConclusionDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, adolescents’ mental health has worsened, resulting in an increase in the prevalence of NSSI among those with depressive symptoms compared to pre-pandemic levels. Early screening for depression is crucial in preventing or decreasing NSSI in adolescents.

This study focuses on the development of a new framework for evaluating bikeability in urban environments with the aim of enhancing sustainable urban transportation planning. To close the research gap that previous studies have disregarded the dynamic environmental factors and trajectory data, we propose a framework that comprises four sub-indices: safety, comfort, accessibility, and vitality. Utilizing open-source data, advanced deep neural networks, and GIS spatial analysis, the framework eliminates subjective evaluations and is more efficient and comprehensive than prior methods. The experimental results on Xiamen, China, demonstrate the effectiveness of the framework in identifying areas for improvement and enhancing cycling mobility. The proposed framework provides a structured approach for evaluating bikeability in different geographical contexts, making reproducing bikeability indices easier and more comprehensive to policymakers, transportation planners, and environmental decision-makers.

Doping-modified coal samples can effectively enhance the adsorption of CO2. In order to investigate the micro-mechanism of the adsorption of different gases by the synergistic effect of N/S atomic doping and functional groups in coal, the microporous constructed by N/S doping with different functional groups in coal at different temperatures and pressures were investigated based on a series of grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) computational simulations. The adsorption amount, heat of adsorption, diffusion coefficient, interaction energy and relative density distribution of CO2/CH4/N2 by the model. It was found that coal samples with more N-doped carboxyl groups could adsorb CO2 better, and coal samples with more N-doped aliphatic functional groups should be selected for adsorption of CH4 and N2, and the N-COOH system had the most stable adsorption state of CO2, and the amount of N-modified coal samples adsorbed CO2 was higher than that of CH4 and N2 at the adsorption temperature of 293.15 K.The diffusion coefficients of the gas molecules showed an increasing trend with the adsorption temperature, and the relative density distributions of CO2/CH4/N2 in the N-doped micropore model were larger than those in the S-doped system. These noteworthy findings provide a valuable theoretical foundation for the advancement of novel adsorbent materials.