77 results on '"Pengfei Sheng"'
Search Results
2. Phylogenetic evidence reveals early Kra-Dai divergence and dispersal in the late Holocene
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Yuxin Tao, Yuancheng Wei, Jiaqi Ge, Yan Pan, Wenmin Wang, Qianqi Bi, Pengfei Sheng, Changzhong Fu, Wuyun Pan, Li Jin, Hong-Xiang Zheng, and Menghan Zhang
- Subjects
Science - Abstract
Abstract Studying language evolution brings a crucial perspective to bear on questions of human prehistory. As the most linguistically diverse region on earth, East and Southeast Asia have witnessed extensive sociocultural and ethnic contacts among different language communities. Especially, the Kra-Dai language family exhibits tremendous socio-cultural importance in these regions. Due to limited historical accounts, however, there are several controversies on their linguistic relatedness, ambiguities regarding the divergence time, and uncertainties on the dispersal patterns. To address these issues, here we apply Bayesian phylogenetic methods to analyze the largest lexical dataset containing 646 cognate sets compiled for 100 Kra-Dai languages. Our dated phylogenetic tree showed their initial divergence occurring approximately 4000 years BP. Phylogeographic results supported the early Kra-Dai language dispersal from the Guangxi-Guangdong area of South China towards Mainland Southeast Asia. Coupled with genetic, archaeological, paleoecologic, and paleoclimatic data, we demonstrated that the Kra-Dai language diversification could have coincided with their demic diffusion and agricultural spread shaped by the global climate change in the late Holocene. The interdisciplinary alignments shed light on reconstructing the prehistory of Kra-Dai languages and provide an indispensable piece of the puzzle for further studying prehistoric human activities in East and Southeast Asia.
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- 2023
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3. Human isotopic evidence from the Guanzhong Basin casts light on a century of agricultural and pastoral interactions at medieval metropolitan Chang’an during sixth century AD
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Pengfei Sheng, Edward Allen, Tian Ma, Yiyuan Dao, Jianlin Zhang, Daiyun Liu, Sheng Han, Hailiang Meng, and Shaoqing Wen
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History of scholarship and learning. The humanities ,AZ20-999 ,Social Sciences - Abstract
Abstract Noble and commoner in the medieval China capital of Chang’an (modern-day Xi’an) engaged in an intricately intertwined agricultural and pastoral economy. The period represents the peak of the integration of nomadic and agricultural populations in early China. Here we firstly reported human collagen δ 13C and δ 15N values for eight middle age nobles whose lifespans cover roughly a century (AD 503–604) and who include a Northern Zhou, Emperor Wu (北周武帝) and his consort, Empress A’shina (阿史那皇后). We also consider stable isotopic evidence from nine individuals in commoner burials in the Chang’an region, likewise dating to the sixth century. This century-long dietary profile provides direct archeological evidence for dietary variability at this core metropolitan population. Constructing a comparative model using existing historical human isotopic data (n = 1233) from northern China and its northern Steppe, we find a marked regional divergence in noble and commoner dietary patterns. We trace this back to the considerable variety of agricultural and pastoral dietary practices, likely pointing to different economic and geographic backgrounds of the individuals under study. We argue that a two-way relationship between shifting pastoral and agricultural practices was reflected to separate degrees at the elite and commoner level. This study offers an improved understanding of the multiplicity of dietary patterns and associated lifeways for the metropolitan societies of medieval northern China.
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- 2023
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4. Retailer or the third-party remanufacturer: Which is the greener contractor for outsourcing remanufacturing?
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Hong Tan, Pengfei Sheng, and Jakub Horák
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Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 ,Technological innovations. Automation ,HD45-45.2 - Abstract
The aim of this paper is to understand how outsourcing remanufacturing operations to different OEMs agents (i.e., the retailer or third-party remanufacturer) affected a supply chain's sustainable issues. Although outsourcing strategies have been well studied in the remanufacturing literature, existing research has focused primarily on operational options between original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) and third-party remanufacturers (3PRs). In practice, however, many brand name retailers have recently created business models in which product remanufacturing is an integral part. The question showed the retailer or the third-party, which was the right remanufacturer for OEM's remanufacturing outsourcing? To answer this question, we developed two models for an OEM that had two options for remanufacturing outsourcing: (1) outsourcing remanufacturing to a 3PR (Model T) or (2) to its retailer (Model R). Using these two models, we addressed the questions: from the profit-maximizing perspective, how does outsourcing remanufacturing operations to retailers create strategic issues that are different from those with 3PRs? Which is more profitable for the OEM, 3PR, retailer, and the total supply chain? From an environmental impact perspective, how does outsourcing remanufacturing operations to retailers create strategic issues different from those with 3PRs? Which is more beneficial for our environment? Our analysis revealed that if the OEMs cared about economic performance, outsourcing the remanufacturing operations to the 3PR was a practical strategy. Conversely, if they cared about environmental sustainability, outsourcing the remanufacturing to the retailer was the preferred strategy. Numerical studies further validated our conclusions
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- 2022
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5. A Study on the Effects of Liquid Phase Formation Temperature and the Content of Sintering Aids on the Sintering of Silicon Nitride Ceramics
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Li He, Niansheng Huang, Donglin Lu, Pengfei Sheng, and Wenjing Zou
- Subjects
liquid phase sintering ,liquid phase formation temperature ,sintering aids ,silicon nitride sintering ,Crystallography ,QD901-999 - Abstract
Due to its high bonding energy and low self-diffusion coefficient, silicon nitride (Si3N4) ceramics cannot form a dense structure with prolonged high-temperature insulation or by raising the sintering temperature. To improve the density of the sintered Si3N4 ceramics, additives are added to promote the rearrangement–dissolution–precipitation process of the crystal grains. However, the liquid phase formation temperature of different sintering aid chemical compositions varies, making it challenging to isolate the mechanism and the effect of liquid phase formation temperatures on sintering. Hence, we developed three sintering aids, namely Y2O3-Al2O3 (YA), Y2Si2O7 (Y2S), and Y2Si2O7-Al6Si2O13 (Y2SM), with homologous elements and different liquid phase formation temperatures. These sintering aids can form a liquid phase with SiO2 on the surface of Si3N4 at varying temperatures. We analyzed the sintered Si3N4 ceramic’s density, volume shrinkage rate, and microstructure to verify the YA’s lower liquid phase formation temperature effect, providing more rearrangement time and increasing sintering density. Conversely, sintering aids with too low liquid phase formation temperatures are more prone to volatilize during high-temperature sintering stages, thereby reducing sintering density. This research found that different liquid phase formation temperatures do not affect the α→β phase transition temperature of Si3N4 ceramics. We also evaluated the Y2S sintering aid contents’ effect on Si3N4 ceramics sintering. The results revealed that aiding sintering with too little Y2S content is insufficient for liquid phase production, and hence does not improve sintering density. Conversely, excessive liquid phase can improve density and refine grain size but increases weight loss rate during sintering due to volatilization.
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- 2023
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6. Economic growth efficiency and carbon reduction efficiency in China: Coupling or decoupling
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Pengfei Sheng, Jun Li, Mengxin Zhai, and Muhammad Umer Majeed
- Subjects
Dynamic DEA ,Economic growth ,Carbon dioxide emissions ,Productive efficiency ,Decoupling ,Coupling ,Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering ,TK1-9971 - Abstract
The size of global and China’s economy expanded rapidly in recent years, and working on emission of carbon dioxide increased due to environmental change. The relationship between decoupling, economic growth and carbon dioxide emissions has been examined extensively, but economic growth efficiency can decouple from carbon reduction efficiency is less explore area specially in country like China. Our work extracted respective productive for economic growth and reduction in carbon dioxide emissions, and further evaluated the decoupling relationship at the efficiency level for China’s provinces during 2005–2017. Economic growth efficiency showed a downward trend, whereas the efficiency in the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions showed a slight improvement in the whole of China, which was consistent with China’s strong negative decoupling. All three geographic regions in China had an enormous division between efficiency and its decoupling status. In particular, the eastern provinces had the highest efficiency, but the central region exhibited the highest decoupling. Furthermore, the overall performance of the two efficiency indices declined gradually from the eastern provinces to the western provinces and, over time, more provinces improved their decoupling relationship. Above results also helpful to policy implications, which were conductive to balance economy and environment.
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- 2021
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7. Microstructure refinement-homogenization and flexural strength improvement of Al2O3 ceramics fabricated by DLP-stereolithography integrated with chemical precipitation coating process
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Guanglin Nie, Yehua Li, Pengfei Sheng, Fei Zuo, Haolin Wu, Leiren Liu, Xin Deng, Yiwang Bao, and Shanghua Wu
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Al2O3 ceramic ,stereolithography ,flexural strength ,reliability ,thermal conductivity ,microstructure ,Clay industries. Ceramics. Glass ,TP785-869 - Abstract
Abstract In this study, the chemical precipitation coating (CP) process was creatively integrated with DLP-stereolithography based 3D printing for refining and homogenizing the microstructure of 3D printed Al2O3 ceramic. Based on this novel approach, Al2O3 powder was coated with a homogeneous layer of amorphous Y2O3, with the coated Al2O3 powder found to make the microstructure of 3D printed Al2O3 ceramic more uniform and refined, as compared with the conventional mechanical mixing (MM) of Al2O3 and Y2O3 powders. The grain size of Al2O3 in Sample CP is 64.44% and 51.43% lower than those in the monolithic Al2O3 ceramic and Sample MM, respectively. Sample CP has the highest flexural strength of 455.37±32.17 MPa, which is 14.85% and 25.45% higher than those of Samples MM and AL, respectively; also Sample CP has the highest Weibull modulus of 16.88 among the three kinds of samples. Moreover, the fine grained Sample CP has a close thermal conductivity to the coarse grained Sample MM because of the changes in morphology of Y3Al5O12 phase from semi-connected (Sample MM) to isolated (Sample CP). Finally, specially designed fin-type Al2O3 ceramic heat sinks were successfully fabricated via the novel integrated process, which has been proven to be an effective method for fabricating complex-shaped Al2O3 ceramic components with enhanced flexural strength and reliability.
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- 2021
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8. Multidisciplinary lines of evidence reveal East/Northeast Asian origins of agriculturalist/pastoralist residents at a Han dynasty military outpost in ancient Xinjiang
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Edward Allen, Yao Yu, Xiaomin Yang, Yiran Xu, Panxin Du, Jianxue Xiong, Dian Chen, Xiaohong Tian, Yong Wu, Xiaoli Qin, Pengfei Sheng, Chuan-Chao Wang, and Shaoqing Wen
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ancient DNA ,isotope analysis ,Han population ,lifestyle ,Silk Road ,Western Regions ,Evolution ,QH359-425 ,Ecology ,QH540-549.5 - Abstract
Han/non-Han interactions were engrained among the border regions of ancient Imperial China. Yet, little is known about either the genetic origins or the lifeways of these border peoples. Our study applies tools from ancient deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and stable isotope analysis to the study of a Han dynasty population at the Shichengzi site in modern-day Xinjiang. Isotopic analysis (δ13C and δ15N) of human (n = 8), animal (n = 26), and crop remains (n = 23) from Shichengzi indicated that dietary patterns among site inhabitants could be split among agro-pastoral and agricultural groups based on differences in the collagen 15N ratios. DNA analysis divided the four Shichengzi samples into two groups, with one group primarily harboring the ancient Northeast Asian (ANA) related ancestry, while the other showed a dominant Late Neolithic Yellow River (YR_LN) related ancestry. Both ancient DNA and stable isotope evidence point to the Northeast Asian origins of pastoralists and East Asian origins of Han agriculturalists, who, nonetheless, shared a single burial space at Shichengzi. This study thus provides clear evidence for the multiple origins and identities of populations across the porous border represented by the Han Empire and surrounding regions and proposes a new model for the interpretation of border culture in early Imperial China.
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- 2022
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9. The Millet of the Matter: Archeobotanical Evidence for Farming Strategies of Western Han Dynasty Core Area Inhabitants
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Jingwen Liao, Ming Li, Edward Allen, Wuhong Luo, and Pengfei Sheng
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paleoethnobotany ,phytolith ,foxtail millet ,spread of wheat ,buried model granaries ,Han dynasty ,Plant culture ,SB1-1110 - Abstract
Despite decades of investigation, consensus has yet to be reached on when and where wheat replaced millet as the primary crop in the core regions of early Imperial China. Previous studies have suggested that wheat cultivation likely became widespread prior to or during the Han Dynasty (202 BC–AD 220). Here, we tested this hypothesis by applying archeobotanical tools to plant remains found in five pottery model granaries (cang) entombed in a newly excavated late Western Han burial at the Longzaocun cemetery in the Guanzhong Basin. This analysis allowed us to explore the extent of wheat expansion and agricultural strategies in the heartland of early dynastic China. Macro- and micro-botanical evidence shows that the Longzaocun residents consumed two kinds of crops: foxtail and common millet. Combining these findings with previous studies, we argue that millet-based multi-crop farming dominated the regional agricultural system during the Western Han Dynasty (202 BC-AD 8) and analyze the political and cultural motivations for the Han people’s usage on millet crops from the burial concepts and fiscal systems. Echoing previous studies, we argue that millets remained the most valuable subsistence food for inhabitants of the Loess Basins in the Han core, and that wheat was not cultivated on a large scale in this area during the Western Han Dynasty.
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- 2022
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10. Archaeobotanical Evidence of Hazelnut (, Betulaceae) Exploitation in the Neolithic Northern China
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Pengfei Sheng, Xue Shang, Xinying Zhou, and Hongen Jiang
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History of scholarship and learning. The humanities ,AZ20-999 ,Social Sciences - Abstract
Hazelnut is an important nut food that was widely consumed throughout prehistory. Archaeologists frequently find the charred plant macrofossils of Corylus at archaeological sites throughout Eurasia. We present new records of charred Siberian hazelnut ( Corylus heterophylla ) that were recovered from the Beiniu site (109.32°E, 34.46°N) in Shaanxi Province, North West China, that are directly dated around 5,400 cal. yr BP. They are basic evidence that we use to reconstruct the early history of hazelnut use in the northern part of China. Our findings in China are much less abundant than the hazelnut remains recovered at archaeological sites in Europe and North America. We suggest that the hazelnuts deposited in the cultural layer of Beiniu site were not intentionally used as a fuel but rather were first broken and then consumed as food before their eventual charring in a refuse pit. These discoveries also contribute to our understanding of risk mitigation strategies in food production by ancient farmers in China.
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- 2019
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11. Analysis of Cost-Effective Methods to Reduce Industrial Wastewater Emissions in China
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Pengfei Sheng, Yaowu Dong, and Marek Vochozka
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wastewater emissions ,shadow price ,saving water ,cost-effective ,abatement cost ,Hydraulic engineering ,TC1-978 ,Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes ,TD201-500 - Abstract
To reduce industrial wastewater emissions, likely scenarios involve saving water in the production process or treating the emissions that are discharged. In this regard, our paper aims to evaluate the costs of these two paths and then analyze whether the industrial sector has made a good trade-off. In particular, we measured costs of the two paths by shadow prices of water use and wastewater emissions, and then we built a non-parametric input–output model to produce the estimates. For 2015, the shadow price of water use was 37.85 RMB/ton at the national level, which indicated the marginal cost of saving each ton of water was 37.864 RMB and that of wastewater emissions was 141.759 RMB/ton, which meant that the marginal cost of abating each ton of wastewater emissions was 141.759 RMB. Over the period 2004–2015, both shadow prices exhibited an upward trend at the national and regional levels, which suggested there was an increased cost to reduce emissions. However, the two shadow prices did not follow a common trend, but deviated from each other in most of China’s provinces, which resulted in a bad trade-off between the two scenarios. As a result, the bad trade-off not only lowered the efficiency to reduce emissions, but it was also linked to a high cost.
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- 2020
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12. Energy’s Shadow Price and Energy Efficiency in China: A Non-Parametric Input Distance Function Analysis
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Pengfei Sheng, Jun Yang, and Joshua D. Shackman
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energy ,shadow price ,energy efficiency ,Technology - Abstract
This paper extends prior research on energy inefficiency in China by utilizing a unique shadow price framework allocation in 30 Chinese provinces. We estimate the shadow price for energy input using the framework of production, and use the ratio of the shadow price to the market price to describe energy utilization. Using Chinese provincial-level data from 1998 to 2011, the results of the analysis reveal that shadow prices in China have grown rapidly during the sample period, which signifies that China has improved its performance in energy utilization since 1998. However, there are eighteen provinces whose shadow prices are lower than market prices. This result suggests that energy utilization is at a low level in these provinces and can be improved by a reallocation of inputs.
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- 2015
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13. The Impact of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) on the Environment: Market Perspectives and Evidence from China
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Jiajia Zheng and Pengfei Sheng
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FDI ,market-oriented reform ,CO2 emissions per capita ,CO2 emission intensity ,Economics as a science ,HB71-74 - Abstract
Foreign direct investment (FDI) may have a positive effect on the level of pollution in host countries, as described by the pollution haven hypothesis (PHH). However, this kind of effect may depend on the economic conditions in host countries. In this study, we conduct research on the FDI’s effect on China’s CO2 emissions during the market-oriented reform. The results are as follows. Firstly, FDI directly promotes China’s CO2 emissions. Secondly, with market-oriented reform, this positive effect from FDI is lowering year by year, which indicates that the market-oriented reform could alleviate the positive effect of FDI on China’s CO2 emissions. Thirdly, as China’s market-oriented reform was implemented gradually from experimental zones to the whole country, regional market development is uneven, and as such so is FDI’s effect on local CO2 emissions. Provinces in the eastern area generally evidenced higher market development and lower CO2 emissions from FDI, while four provinces in west area evidenced both lower market development and higher CO2 emissions from FDI.
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- 2017
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14. Cure behaviour and mechanical properties of Si3N4 ceramics with bimodal particle size distribution prepared using digital light processing
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Shengwu Huang, Yanhui Li, Ping Yang, Pengfei Sheng, Jun Ou, Turui Ning, and Shanghua Wu
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Process Chemistry and Technology ,Materials Chemistry ,Ceramics and Composites ,Surfaces, Coatings and Films ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials - Published
- 2023
15. Effects of doping Al-metal powder on thermal, mechanical and dielectric properties of AlN ceramics
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Kunji Lin, Guanglin Nie, Pengfei Sheng, Shize Zhao, and Shanghua Wu
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Process Chemistry and Technology ,Materials Chemistry ,Ceramics and Composites ,Surfaces, Coatings and Films ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials - Published
- 2022
16. Foodways of the Medieval Tibetans on the Silk Road: New evidence from the Miran Site in Xinjiang
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Pengfei Sheng, Meiying Zhao, Zhihao Dang, Edward Allen, Luo’sang Tajie, Tian Ma, and Hongen Jiang
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Archeology ,Global and Planetary Change ,Ecology ,Paleontology ,Earth-Surface Processes - Abstract
Located in the Tarim Basin in southern Xinjiang, the Miran site is well known for its so-called “winged angel” frescos and diverse cultural artifacts dating from the Han Dynasty through Tubo Kingdom (~200 BC–900 AD) periods. This essay presents the first integrated archeobotanical and isotopic investigation on the archeobotanical remains at Miran. Our findings suggest that, despite implementing mixed-crop cultivation, Tibetans at Miran became increasingly invested in drought-resistant millet-based agriculture. New seed δ13C data recovered from naked barley and wheat at Miran provide additional suggestions that medieval Tubo people likely employed improved irrigation techniques at this Silk Road settlement.
- Published
- 2022
17. Retailer or the third-party remanufacturer: Which is the greener contractor for outsourcing remanufacturing?
- Author
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Jakub Horák, Pengfei Sheng, and Hong Tan
- Subjects
Management of Technology and Innovation ,Economics, Econometrics and Finance (miscellaneous) ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,Business and International Management - Published
- 2022
18. Additive manufacturing of complex-shaped and porous silicon nitride-based components for bionic bones
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Shengwu Huang, Ping Yang, Pengfei Sheng, Turui Ning, and Shanghua Wu
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Process Chemistry and Technology ,Materials Chemistry ,Ceramics and Composites ,Surfaces, Coatings and Films ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials - Published
- 2023
19. The tone from above: Does tunnelling by ultimate owners impinge on the relations between managerial compensation and earnings management?
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Wenzhou Li, Liang Chen, and Pengfei Sheng
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General Economics, Econometrics and Finance - Published
- 2022
20. Archaeobotanical evidence reveals the early history of sacred lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) use in China
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Tian Ma, Yijing Zhou, Pengfei Sheng, and Hongen Jiang
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Genetics ,Plant Science ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Published
- 2023
21. A new post-Liangzhu Lower Yangtze culture: the Early Bronze Age Tiaotou and Pishan sites
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Edward Allen, Jindong Yang, Sen Lin, Yijing Zhou, and Pengfei Sheng
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Archeology ,General Arts and Humanities - Abstract
Excavations at Tiaotou reveal evidence for cultural continuity through the late third to the mid first millennia BC. This research explores shifts in subsistence, production and ritual at Tiaotou, and the emergence of the Pishan-Tiaotou Culture (1200–1000 BC). Tiaotou/Pishan-Tiaotou represents a missing link among Taihu Lake archaeological cultures and contributes to our knowledge of complex political formations and cultural change in Bronze Age southern China.
- Published
- 2023
22. Migration in Bronze Age southern China: multidisciplinary investigations of elite Chu burials in Jingzhou
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Yiran Xu, Pengfei Sheng, Jianxue Xiong, Hailiang Meng, Pianpian Wei, Chang Sun, Hanqing Jia, Jianye Liu, Yong Tian, Fan Sun, and Shaoqing Wen
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Archeology ,General Arts and Humanities - Abstract
Reconstructing the history of elite communication in ancient China benefits from additional archaeological evidence. We combine textual analysis with new human stable carbon and nitrogen isotope data from two Chu burials in the Jingzhou area to reveal significant dietary differences among Chu nobles of the middle Warring States period (c. 350 BC). This research provides important new information on the close interaction between the aristocratic families of the Qin and Chu.
- Published
- 2022
23. The potential impact of rising sea levels on China's coastal cultural heritage: a GIS risk assessment
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Yuqi Li, Xin Jia, Zhen Liu, Luo Zhao, Pengfei Sheng, and Michael J. Storozum
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Archeology ,General Arts and Humanities - Abstract
Without rapid international action to curb greenhouse gas emissions, climate scientists have predicted catastrophic sea-level rise by 2100. Globally, archaeologists are documenting the effects of sea-level rise on coastal cultural heritage. Here, the authors model the impact of 1m, 2m and 5m sea-level rise on China's coastal archaeological sites using data from the Atlas of Chinese Cultural Relics and Shanghai City's Third National Survey of Cultural Relics. Although the resulting number of endangered sites is large, the authors argue that these represent only a fraction of those actually at risk, and they issue a call to mitigate the direct and indirect effects of rising sea levels.
- Published
- 2022
24. Feeding Shimao: Archaeobotanical and Isotopic Investigation into Early Urbanism (4200-3000 BP) on the Northern Loess Plateau, China
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Zhanwei Sun, Zhouyong Sun, Xue Shang, Michael Storozum, Songmei Hu, Pengfei Sheng, Xiaoning Guo, Xinying Zhou, Liping Yang, Pengcheng Zhang, and Yaowu Hu
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Archeology ,Geography ,Loess plateau ,Environmental Science (miscellaneous) ,China ,Urbanism ,Archaeology - Published
- 2021
25. Economic growth efficiency and carbon reduction efficiency in China: Coupling or decoupling
- Author
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Jun Li, Muhammad Umer Majeed, Pengfei Sheng, and Mengxin Zhai
- Subjects
Environmental change ,020209 energy ,Carbon dioxide increased ,chemistry.chemical_element ,02 engineering and technology ,Carbon dioxide emissions ,Decoupling ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Coupling ,020401 chemical engineering ,Environmental protection ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Overall performance ,0204 chemical engineering ,China ,Economic growth ,Dynamic DEA ,TK1-9971 ,General Energy ,chemistry ,Coupling (computer programming) ,Carbon dioxide ,Environmental science ,Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering ,Productive efficiency ,Carbon ,Decoupling (electronics) - Abstract
The size of global and China’s economy expanded rapidly in recent years, and working on emission of carbon dioxide increased due to environmental change. The relationship between decoupling, economic growth and carbon dioxide emissions has been examined extensively, but economic growth efficiency can decouple from carbon reduction efficiency is less explore area specially in country like China. Our work extracted respective productive for economic growth and reduction in carbon dioxide emissions, and further evaluated the decoupling relationship at the efficiency level for China’s provinces during 2005–2017. Economic growth efficiency showed a downward trend, whereas the efficiency in the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions showed a slight improvement in the whole of China, which was consistent with China’s strong negative decoupling. All three geographic regions in China had an enormous division between efficiency and its decoupling status. In particular, the eastern provinces had the highest efficiency, but the central region exhibited the highest decoupling. Furthermore, the overall performance of the two efficiency indices declined gradually from the eastern provinces to the western provinces and, over time, more provinces improved their decoupling relationship. Above results also helpful to policy implications, which were conductive to balance economy and environment.
- Published
- 2021
26. Energy efficiency cycle and the export-oriented economic growth style in China
- Author
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Pengfei Sheng, Haohao Wei, and Chunjie Lou
- Subjects
Environmental Engineering ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Work (electrical) ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Economics ,medicine ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,Economic system ,China ,Chin ,Energy (miscellaneous) ,Efficient energy use ,Style (sociolinguistics) - Abstract
Few studies addressed the relationship between the energy efficiency cycle and the export-oriented economic growth style, and our work aimed to contribute this research in the literature using China's dataset during 1985–2018. Results of the autoregressive-distributed-lag model there were two cycles in China's energy efficiency, and the first ranged from 1989 to 2002 while the second was over the period 2003–2012. Meanwhile, the estimations suggested that a 1% export increase was linked to a 0.107% increase in energy efficiency in the long run. However, the export was significantly and negatively associated with the short-run fluctuation of energy efficiency. As a result, the statistical simulation confirmed that export would raise the fluctuation range of energy efficiency.
- Published
- 2021
27. New archaeobotanical evidence for Tolai hare (Lepus tolai) millets-consumption on the Loess Plateau of China
- Author
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Pengfei Sheng, Jingwen Liao, Edward Allen, Zhouyong Sun, Songmei Hu, Ying Guan, and Xue Shang
- Subjects
Archeology - Published
- 2023
28. Archaeobotanical evidence reveals the early history of the sacred lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) usage in China
- Author
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Tian Ma, Yijing Zhou, Pengfei Sheng, and Hongen Jiang
- Abstract
Although archaeobotanical data of sacred lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) recovered from the sites in China had increased in recent years, the early history of human usage ways of this plant has received less attention. In this study, we collated and reevaluated all published macro-botanical data of lotus from China during 9000 − 1100 BP. The present findings suggest that Neolithic rice growers living in the middle and lower Yangtze and Yellow River basins had made extensive use of lotus roots and seeds as a supplementary starch-based food for subsistence. Furthermore, the medicinal and cultural use of the sacred lotus appears to have developed with the rise of China’s urban aristocracy from the mid-Warring States to the Late Tang Dynasty period. Our study provides the basis for further telling the story of the Chinese people’s long-term interaction with the plants of sacred lotus.
- Published
- 2022
29. Palaeoethnobotanical analysis of plant remains discovered in the graveyard of the Haihun Marquis, Nanchang, China
- Author
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Hongen Jiang, Zhiyong Zhang, Jun Yang, Pengfei Sheng, Tongjun Liang, Xuekai Qi, and Shuzhi Wang
- Subjects
Amygdalus persica ,010506 paleontology ,Archeology ,Setaria ,060102 archaeology ,biology ,Paleontology ,06 humanities and the arts ,Plant Science ,Lauraceae ,Platycladus ,Broussonetia ,biology.organism_classification ,01 natural sciences ,food.food ,food ,Foxtail ,Botany ,0601 history and archaeology ,Japanese Apricot ,Sapium ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
Analysis of plant remains of 73 taxa obtained from the graveyard of the Haihun Marquis (circa 59 bc) at Nanchang, China, is presented. Chronology was confirmed by direct AMS radiocarbon dating of both a seed and wood, while plant seeds were collected by wet sieving. Detailed composition of the samples suggests that the fundamental landscape of the graveyard was composed of Platycladus orientalis, a symbol of solemnity and compatible with the high status of the tomb owner Liu He. Furthermore, seeds of Sapium sebiferum, Castanopsis sclerophylla and Lauraceae, among other high-status plants were also discovered and thus could be included in the landscaping of the graveyard of the Haihun Marquis. In addition, plants like Poaceae, Santalaceae, Cyperaceae and Broussonetia sp., among others, represented a considerable share of the graveyard growth. Fruit stones of Amygdalus persica, Armeniaca mume and Cerasus pseudocerasus discovered in the well may have been included as fruit trees, but grew outside the graveyard. In the main tomb (M1), remains of five plant were discovered, i.e. Oryza sativa (rice), Cannabis sativa (hemp), Setaria italica (foxtail millet) and Cucumis melo (sweet melon), as well as Armeniaca mume (Japanese apricot) and had been placed in the tomb for further use as cereals and fruit by the deceased in the world beyond, thus also demonstrating diversified plant use in the Western Han Dynasty.
- Published
- 2021
30. Early commensal interaction between humans and hares in Neolithic northern China
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Benjamin T. Fuller, Songmei Hu, Zhouyong Sun, Liping Yang, Xue Shang, Pengfei Sheng, and Yaowu Hu
- Subjects
Ecological niche ,China ,commensalism ,SITES ,Archeology ,Stable isotope ratio ,Ecology ,General Arts and Humanities ,Loess plateau ,Commensalism ,COLLAGEN ,MILLET ,Loess Plateau ,leporids ,Geography ,human ecology ,Human settlement ,stable isotope analysis ,ADAPTATIONS ,Human ecology ,BONE ,EARLIEST EVIDENCE ,Isotope analysis - Abstract
Human influence on ecological niches can drive rapid changes in the diet, behaviour and evolutionary trajectories of small mammals. Archaeological evidence from the Late Neolithic Loess Plateau of northern China suggests that the expansion of millet cultivation created new selective pressures, attracting small mammals to fields and settlements. Here, the authors present direct evidence for commensal behaviour in desert hares (Lepus capensis), dating toc. 4900 years ago. Stable isotope ratio analysis of hare bones from the Neolithic site at Yangjiesha shows a diachronic increase in a C4(millet-based) diet, revealing, for the first time, the expansion of ancient human-hare interactions beyond the predator-prey relationship.
- Published
- 2020
31. Foodways on the Han dynasty’s western frontier: Archeobotanical and isotopic investigations at Shichengzi, Xinjiang, China
- Author
-
Pengfei Sheng, Michael Storozum, Xiaohong Tian, and Yong Wu
- Subjects
010506 paleontology ,Archeology ,Global and Planetary Change ,060102 archaeology ,Ecology ,Foodways ,Paleontology ,06 humanities and the arts ,01 natural sciences ,Prehistory ,Frontier ,Globalization ,Geography ,Ethnology ,0601 history and archaeology ,China ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Earth-Surface Processes - Abstract
Recent archeobotanical work has shed light on prehistoric food globalization across the Eurasian landmass; however, much less research has focused on the foodways of the historical cities and settlements found throughout Central Asia on various portions of the ‘Silk Road’. Here, we present archeobotanical and isotopic results from recent excavations at Shichengzi, a Han dynasty (202 BC–AD 220) military garrison. Our archeobotanical results recovered from 11 samples reveal that four types of cereals, naked barley, wheat, common millet, and foxtail millet, were the most common crops at the site. Naked barley, a drought and cold resistant crop, comprised 79% of the crop assemblage recovered from Shichengzi, and the rest of the assemblage is composed of wheat and millet. The reliance on drought resistant crops indicates that people at Shichengzi oriented their agricultural strategy toward mitigating environmental risks. In addition, our isotopic analyses (δ13C and δ15N) of charred cereal grains ( n = 22), animal and human remains ( n = 12) recovered from excavations at Shichengzi suggests that the δ15N values of cereals were enriched by human or livestock dung. Moreover, the calculated Δ13C values from Shichengzi suggest that farmers preferentially planted their crops in wide areas that would have received a large amount of water available on the northern piedmont of the Tianshan mountains. Our research contributes to the growing understanding of the diversity of agricultural strategies used along the Silk Road.
- Published
- 2020
32. Labour market outcomes and migration: evidence from China
- Author
-
Xiao Huang, Ailun Shui, and Pengfei Sheng
- Subjects
Economics and Econometrics ,050208 finance ,0502 economics and business ,05 social sciences ,Propensity score matching ,Demographic economics ,Business ,050207 economics ,China ,Self-employment - Abstract
Migrants enter the labour market as self-employed with employees (as employers), self-employment without employees (as own-account workers), and paid-employment (as salaried employees). This study ...
- Published
- 2019
33. The Unmet Medical Demand among China’s Urban Residents
- Author
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Pengfei Sheng, Tengfei Zhang, and Tingting Yang
- Subjects
China ,Urban Population ,Public economics ,Policy making ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,medical demand ,the unmet medical demand ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Mundlak specification ,Demand modeling ,Proxy (climate) ,Article ,Stochastic frontier analysis ,Work (electrical) ,Demand curve ,frontier demand function ,Humans ,Medicine ,Health education ,Business - Abstract
Our work aimed to build a reasonable proxy for unmet medical demands of China’s urban residents. We combined health demand modeling and stochastic frontier analysis to produce a frontier medical demand function, which allowed us to disentangle unmet medical demands from the unobservable effects. We estimated unmet medical demands by using China’s provincial dataset that covered 2005–2018. Our estimates showed that unmet medical demand at the national level was 12.6% in 2018, and regions with high medical prices confronted more unmet medical demands than regions with moderate or low medical prices during 2005–2018. Furthermore, medical prices and education were the main factors that affected unmet medical demand, therefore, policy making should pay more attention to reducing medical costs and promoting health education.
- Published
- 2021
34. Image saliency detection method for safe operation of substation
- Author
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Qi Yin, Pengfei Sheng, and Yuezhong Shen
- Subjects
Pixel ,Computer science ,business.industry ,Feature extraction ,ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION ,Process (computing) ,Image segmentation ,Object detection ,Salient ,Shortest path problem ,Computer vision ,Segmentation ,Artificial intelligence ,business ,ComputingMethodologies_COMPUTERGRAPHICS - Abstract
Aiming at the problem that methods based on background templates in existing substation scenes cannot completely detect salient targets with similar characteristics in some areas and the background, a salient target integrity detection method based on contour detection is proposed. First, extract the initial contours of the input image, use the proposed virtual connection-based contour processing scheme to merge adjacent contours and remove isolated contours, and use the designed shortest path-based closed-loop search scheme to merge the contours with longer distances to obtain Saliency map for contour detection. Then, an adaptive threshold segmentation algorithm is used to process the saliency map based on background template suppression to obtain the binarized saliency map and the salient pixels. By removing the complete area of the contour with the proportion of salient pixels smaller than the specified threshold, an optimized saliency map based on contour detection is obtained. Finally, merge it with the binarized saliency map to obtain a complete saliency map. The results prove that the method in this paper can obtain a better saliency map for images where the saliency target is located at any position.
- Published
- 2021
35. The effect of pollution on the inequality in health care expenditure: Evidence from China
- Author
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Yuechi Zhang and Pengfei Sheng
- Subjects
Pollution ,Environmental Engineering ,Public economics ,Inequality ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,business.industry ,020209 energy ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,02 engineering and technology ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Frontier ,parasitic diseases ,Health care ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Economics ,Function (engineering) ,China ,business ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Energy (miscellaneous) ,media_common - Abstract
This study is designed to investigate the impact of pollution on the inequality in health care expenditure. We use the method of stochastic frontier function to model residents’ demand of health ca...
- Published
- 2019
36. Additive manufacturing of complex-shaped and high-performance aluminum nitride-based components for thermal management
- Author
-
Lifu Lin, Haidong Wu, Peishen Ni, Yong Chen, Zhaoquan Huang, Yehua Li, Kunji Lin, Pengfei Sheng, and Shanghua Wu
- Subjects
Biomedical Engineering ,General Materials Science ,Engineering (miscellaneous) ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering - Published
- 2022
37. Energy consumption associated with urbanization in China: Efficient- and inefficient-use
- Author
-
Xiaohui Guo and Pengfei Sheng
- Subjects
Consumption (economics) ,Natural resource economics ,020209 energy ,Mechanical Engineering ,Sample (statistics) ,02 engineering and technology ,Building and Construction ,Energy consumption ,010501 environmental sciences ,Random effects model ,01 natural sciences ,Pollution ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering ,General Energy ,Urbanization ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Economics ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Empirical evidence ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Civil and Structural Engineering ,Efficient energy use ,Panel data - Abstract
The scale of urbanization in China has more than doubled in the last two decades, with important consequence of transforming the landscape of energy. While the relationship between urbanization and energy use has been examined extensively, the question of whether urbanization affects energy efficiency receives less attention. In this study, we seek to provide new empirical evidence on the effect of urbanization on energy use and efficiency in China. We extend the stochastic frontier approach to model the demand for energy while measuring energy efficiency by distinguishing between efficient- and inefficient-use. Using data from a variety of sources during 2005–2015 to generate an eleven-year province-level panel, we estimate a simultaneous-equation model through a random effects panel data specification. We find that urbanization in China during our sample period is associated with a significant increase in energy consumption, but there is little evidence of improvement in energy efficiency. In particular, our results from our preferred specification suggest that the inefficient-use accounts for approximately 23% of the total energy consumption.
- Published
- 2018
38. Pollen dispersal in traditional processing of buckwheat and its application in agricultural archaeology
- Author
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Pengfei Sheng, Guoding Song, Xue Shang, and Yang Liu
- Subjects
010506 paleontology ,Threshing ,business.industry ,Distribution (economics) ,Biology ,010502 geochemistry & geophysics ,medicine.disease_cause ,Pollen dispersal ,01 natural sciences ,Archaeology ,Crop ,Cultural layer ,Agriculture ,Pollen ,medicine ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Statistical analysis ,business ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
Pollen, as an important index of the paleoenvironment and ancient human agricultural activities, is also one of the significant indicators for research on buckwheat agriculture. In order to test buckwheat pollen dispersal during each crop processing stage, we applied traditional processing simulation experiments of buckwheat crops in a modern village, to collect aerial pollen and perform statistical analysis. The result has shown that the distribution of buckwheat pollen in residential areas is closely related to human processing behaviour. Among all the processing procedures, pollen release rate is highest in the threshing and the sieving stages. The redistribution and burial of pollen during crop processing is an important reason for the prominent increase of crop pollen concentration in the cultural layer. Not only can it indicate the cultivation and processing behaviour of humans but also provide a basis for identifying the crop processing remains in archaeological sites and assessing the intensity of agricultural activities.
- Published
- 2018
39. The impact of education on healthcare expenditure in China: quantity or quality
- Author
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Wuhua Yao, Pengfei Sheng, and Debu Gao
- Subjects
Economics and Econometrics ,050208 finance ,Public economics ,business.industry ,media_common.quotation_subject ,05 social sciences ,Test (assessment) ,0502 economics and business ,Health care ,Quality (business) ,Business ,050207 economics ,China ,media_common - Abstract
With respects to the low level of the healthcare expenditure, China has been experiencing a rapid growth of the education. This article is designed to test the education quantity and the education ...
- Published
- 2018
40. Microstructure refinement - homogenization and flexural strength improvement of Al2O3 ceramics fabricated by DLP-stereolithography integrated with chemical precipitation coating process
- Author
-
Guanglin Nie, Yehua Li, Pengfei Sheng, Fei Zuo, Haolin Wu, Leiren Liu, Xin Deng, Yiwang Bao, and Shanghua Wu
- Abstract
In this study, the chemical precipitation coating (CP) process was creatively integrated with DLP-stereolithography based 3D printing for refining and homogenizing the microstructure of 3D printed Al2O3 ceramic. Based on this novel approach, Al2O3 powder was coated with a homogeneous layer of amorphous Y2O3; with the coated Al2O3 powder found to make the microstructure of 3D printed Al2O3 ceramic more uniform and refined, as compared with the conventional mechanical mixing (MM) of Al2O3 and Y2O3 powders. The grain size of Al2O3 in Sample CP is 64.44% and 51.43% lower than those in the monolithic Al2O3 ceramic (AL) and Sample MM, respectively. Sample CP has the highest flexural strength of 455.37±32.17 MPa, which is 14.85% and 25.45% higher than those of Samples MM and AL, respectively; also Sample CP has the highest Weibull modulus of 16.88 among the three kinds of samples. Moreover, the fine grained Sample CP has a close thermal conductivity to the coarse grained Sample MM because of the changes in morphology of Y3Al5O12 phase from semi-connected (Sample MM) to isolated (Sample CP). Finally, specially designed fin-type Al2O3 ceramic heat sinks were successfully fabricated via the novel integrated process, which has been proven to be an effective method for fabricating complex-shaped Al2O3 ceramic components with enhanced flexural strength and reliability.
- Published
- 2020
41. Some like it hot: Sichuan pepper (Zanthoxylum bungeanum) and other spices from a late Bronze Age kingdom (Chu State) in Hubei, China
- Author
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Hua Zhou, Hongen Jiang, Pengfei Sheng, and Jianye Liu
- Subjects
Archeology ,Angelica sinensis ,biology ,Macrofossil ,engineering.material ,biology.organism_classification ,Archaeology ,Geography ,Zanthoxylum ,Bronze Age ,Iron Age ,Anthropology ,Pepper ,engineering ,Bronze ,China - Abstract
Located in the Jianghan plain in Hubei Province, China, the Wangshanqiao Tomb No. 1 is a large-sized burial belonging to a high-status male from the Chu State during Warring States period (475–221 bc). Here, archaeobotanical studies were applied to the waterlogged plant remains discovered from that tomb dated to around 300 bc. The recovery of a considerable number of well-preserved plant macrofossils suggests that the Chu kingdom noble classes used many plant species including spices such as Sichuan pepper (Zanthoxylum bungeanum), ginger (Zingiber officinale), and Chinese Angelica (Angelica sinensis), as well as fruits and nuts. We discuss the differences in spice usage between noble classes and genders in this southern central part of China from late Bronze to early Iron Ages by examining these data along with other extant archaeobotanical evidence recovered from 33 tombs during around 1100 bc to ad 30. It indicates that the seeds of Sichuan pepper were more widely used in the noble burials of male and female from upper to lower classes than other spices in the southern central part of China from Warring States period (475–221 bc) to Western Han dynasty (202 bc–ad 8).
- Published
- 2020
42. Analysis of Cost-Effective Methods to Reduce Industrial Wastewater Emissions in China
- Author
-
Yaowu Dong, Marek Vochozka, and Pengfei Sheng
- Subjects
Marginal cost ,lcsh:Hydraulic engineering ,Natural resource economics ,cost-effective ,020209 energy ,Shadow price ,Geography, Planning and Development ,02 engineering and technology ,010501 environmental sciences ,Aquatic Science ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,Industrial wastewater treatment ,lcsh:Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes ,lcsh:TC1-978 ,saving water ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,abatement cost ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Water Science and Technology ,lcsh:TD201-500 ,shadow price ,Wastewater ,Secondary sector of the economy ,wastewater emissions ,Renminbi ,Environmental science ,Ton ,Water use - Abstract
To reduce industrial wastewater emissions, likely scenarios involve saving water in the production process or treating the emissions that are discharged. In this regard, our paper aims to evaluate the costs of these two paths and then analyze whether the industrial sector has made a good trade-off. In particular, we measured costs of the two paths by shadow prices of water use and wastewater emissions, and then we built a non-parametric input&ndash, output model to produce the estimates. For 2015, the shadow price of water use was 37.85 RMB/ton at the national level, which indicated the marginal cost of saving each ton of water was 37.864 RMB and that of wastewater emissions was 141.759 RMB/ton, which meant that the marginal cost of abating each ton of wastewater emissions was 141.759 RMB. Over the period 2004&ndash, 2015, both shadow prices exhibited an upward trend at the national and regional levels, which suggested there was an increased cost to reduce emissions. However, the two shadow prices did not follow a common trend, but deviated from each other in most of China&rsquo, s provinces, which resulted in a bad trade-off between the two scenarios. As a result, the bad trade-off not only lowered the efficiency to reduce emissions, but it was also linked to a high cost.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. A military garrison or cultural mixing pot? Renewed investigations at Shichengzi, a Han Dynasty settlement in Xinjiang
- Author
-
Michael Storozum, Pengfei Sheng, Xiaohong Tian, and Yong Wu
- Subjects
Archeology ,education.field_of_study ,business.industry ,General Arts and Humanities ,Population ,Excavation ,Archaeology ,Geography ,Agriculture ,business ,China ,Settlement (litigation) ,education ,Cropping ,Mixing (physics) - Abstract
Excavations at Shichengzi, the probable location of ancient Shule, have revealed diverse burial practices suggesting a population with varied cultural backgrounds. Together with archaeobotanical evidence, this indicates a community of agro-pastoralists and Han Dynasty migrants using diverse cropping patterns to attain self-sufficiency. The project raises interesting questions about the impact of migrations on the identities of inhabitants.
- Published
- 2020
44. Supplementary_Table2 – Supplemental material for Foodways on the Han dynasty’s western frontier: Archeobotanical and isotopic investigations at Shichengzi, Xinjiang, China
- Author
-
Pengfei Sheng, Storozum, Michael, Xiaohong Tian, and Wu, Yong
- Subjects
History ,Geography - Abstract
Supplemental material, Supplementary_Table_2 for Foodways on the Han dynasty’s western frontier: Archeobotanical and isotopic investigations at Shichengzi, Xinjiang, China by Pengfei Sheng, Michael Storozum, Xiaohong Tian and Yong Wu in The Holocene
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. North-south patterning of millet agriculture on the Loess Plateau: Late Neolithic adaptations to water stress, NW China
- Author
-
Zhouyong Sun, Liping Yang, Xiaoning Guo, Xue Shang, Pengfei Sheng, and Martin K. Jones
- Subjects
010506 paleontology ,Archeology ,Global and Planetary Change ,Ecology ,business.industry ,Water stress ,Paleontology ,Loess plateau ,010502 geochemistry & geophysics ,01 natural sciences ,Geography ,Agriculture ,Paleoethnobotany ,Loess ,Physical geography ,business ,China ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Earth-Surface Processes - Abstract
Water availability and climatic conditions profoundly control agricultural systems in different spatial-temporal conditions. Using new results of archaeobotanical research on the north Loess Plateau and extant macro-botanical data recovered from the eastern part of the north-south Loess Plateau, we investigated the ancient cropping patterns of different agrarian communities living in the marginal area of the East Asian monsoonal climatic zone. It indicated that the common millet ( Panicum miliaceum)–based cropping pattern was dominant in the north Loess Plateau during around 3000–1800 cal. BC. However, there is a preference for foxtail millet ( Setaria italica)–based farming combined with a certain amount of rice ( Oryza sativa) cultivation by the archaeological humans on the south of the Loess Plateau during the same periods. We infer the diverse ways of crop management selected by late Neolithic human beings adapting to various water stress that probably underpinned different developmental trajectories of ancient civilizations on the Loess Plateau during mid-late Holocene.
- Published
- 2018
46. Archaeobotanical evidence for early utilization of cockleburs (Xanthium strumarium L., Asteraceae) in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of China
- Author
-
Hongen Jiang, Xue Shang, and Pengfei Sheng
- Subjects
010506 paleontology ,Archeology ,Resource (biology) ,060102 archaeology ,biology ,06 humanities and the arts ,Asteraceae ,biology.organism_classification ,01 natural sciences ,Archaeology ,Xanthium strumarium ,Geography ,Anthropology ,Gray color ,0601 history and archaeology ,Cockleburs ,China ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
Recently, the burs of Xanthium strumarium L. were discovered at the Yuergou site (400–200 cal BC) in the Turpan Basin of northwestern China. These burs were hard and medicated with tan or gray color. Compared with previous findings of cockleburs remains in China, the present discoveries of X. strumarium are much larger in terms of the number recovered (138 burs). These represent the most abundant finds of cockleburs (X. strumarium) from archaeological contexts in China directly dating to around 250 cal BC. Moreover, it is interesting that most of these cockleburs were broken with their seeds missing as modern experimental results performed here indicate that they were likely opened by humans with a knife. The cockleburs were likely used as a common medicinal resource and provide us with a glimpse of the wild plant use and daily practices of the ancient inhabitants of the Turpan Basin.
- Published
- 2018
47. Constructing interfacial contact for enhanced photocatalytic activity through BiOIO3/g-C3N4 nanoflake heterostructure
- Author
-
Zhang Xia, Pengfei Sheng, Lu Cheng, Feng Wei, Kai Xu, Jiang Wu, Xiao Zhou, Weixing Xu, Zheng Ji, and Liangjun Zhu
- Subjects
Materials science ,Process Chemistry and Technology ,Composite number ,Light irradiation ,Heterojunction ,02 engineering and technology ,General Chemistry ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,Catalysis ,Hydrothermal circulation ,0104 chemical sciences ,Chemical engineering ,Molar ratio ,Photocatalysis ,0210 nano-technology ,Electronic band structure - Abstract
The highly efficient BiOIO3/g-C3N4 with unique nanoflake heterostructures were synthesized through hydrothermal method by simply depositing BiOIO3 flake on the surface of g-C3N4. Photocatalytic ability of nanoflakes was tested by oxidation of gaseous Hg0 under 18 W and 24 W LED light irradiation. The g-C3N4/BiOIO3 composite with the molar ratio of 10:1 exhibited that the Hg0 removal efficiency reached up to 93.7%. The remarkable photocatalytic performance of the as-prepared catalysts can be attributed to the interfacial contact heterostructure formed between BiOIO3 and g-C3N4, which constructs an intimate interfacial interaction between the two components. Moreover, well-matched band structure can efficiently lead to the separation of photogenerated charges.
- Published
- 2018
48. Paleo-environmental implications of the micro-botanical remains recovered from a military garrison of Han Dynasty in Xinjiang
- Author
-
Yang Liu, Pengfei Sheng, Ying Guan, Xiaohong Tian, and Yong Wu
- Subjects
Palynology ,Archeology ,Desert steppe ,Geography ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Central asia ,Period (geology) ,Empire ,Fortress (chess) ,Archaeology ,Natural (archaeology) ,Holocene ,media_common - Abstract
According to the dynastic chronicles of the Han dynasty, City of Shule (疏勒城) was a large fortress located at in the farthest northwest of the Han Empire. The Shichengzi site was a settlement occupied by Han armies, which was considered as matching the location of City of Shule on the ancient Silk Road in Xinjiang, directly dating to about the first century AD. In the present study, we provide a preliminary investigation on palaeobotanical and palynological evidence recovered from a depositing soil profile at Shichengzi site in northern Tianshan Mountains. Although it shows that natural vegetations around Shichengzi was dominated by desert steppe during the late Holocene period, it can be seen that there was a relatively warm and humid environment when Han armies firstly relocated in the region. This suggests that such an improved climate conditions might have played an important role in supporting the development of Han culture in eastern Central Asia at approximately 2000 BP.
- Published
- 2021
49. Improved electron-hole separation and migration in V2O5/rutile-anatase photocatalyst system with homo-hetero junctions and its enhanced photocatalytic performance
- Author
-
Pengfei Sheng, Yongfeng Qi, Jianxing Ren, Jiang Wu, Qifen Li, Li Qingwei, Xuemei Qi, Zheng Ji, Ping He, and Xiao Zhou
- Subjects
Anatase ,Materials science ,Band gap ,business.industry ,General Chemical Engineering ,Nanotechnology ,02 engineering and technology ,General Chemistry ,Electron hole ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering ,0104 chemical sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Semiconductor ,chemistry ,Chemical engineering ,Rutile ,Titanium dioxide ,Photocatalysis ,Environmental Chemistry ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,Visible spectrum - Abstract
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is regarded as the best known semiconductor photocatalysts, but its large band gap and low rate of photogenerated charge separation impede the application to solve the environmental contaminations and energy crisis. Reducing band gap and improving electron-hole separation and migration have remained a longstanding challenge. While creating the junctions between different crystal phases and substance is an effective method. In this work, we prepared the V2O5/rutile-anatase photocatalyst system with homo-hetero junctions via a facile incipient wet impregnation method. In this system, the synergetic effects of homo- and hetero-junctions are beneficial to separate the generated electron-hole pairs, facilitate interfacial charge-transfer rate, and reduce band gap, which greatly promote photocatalytic activities. Furthermore, it exhibits an enhanced activity on photocatalytic oxidation of elemental mercury (Hg0), which shows the highest Hg0 oxidation efficiency of 93.58% under visible light. The result suggests that combination of both homo- and hetero- junctions in one photocatalyst is a promising method to improve the photocatalytic activities for solving the environmental contaminations and energy crisis. We believe that the preparation of this new photocatalyst system may be a great assist in the design and preparation of efficient photocatalyst. Meanwhile, this method is sought-after for large-scale industrial applications of photocatalysis.
- Published
- 2017
50. Fabrication of BiOIO3 with induced oxygen vacancies for efficient separation of the electron-hole pairs
- Author
-
Jia Lu, Qizhen Liu, Wenbo Zhang, Pengfei Sheng, Qifen Li, Ping He, Ling You, Jiang Wu, Zheng Ji, Yongfeng Qi, Jinjing Zhang, Jianxing Ren, and Sun Xiaoming
- Subjects
Materials science ,Process Chemistry and Technology ,Carrier generation and recombination ,Inorganic chemistry ,chemistry.chemical_element ,02 engineering and technology ,Atmospheric temperature range ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,Catalysis ,0104 chemical sciences ,Bismuth ,law.invention ,Nanomaterials ,Crystallinity ,chemistry ,Chemical engineering ,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy ,law ,Photocatalysis ,Calcination ,0210 nano-technology ,General Environmental Science - Abstract
Bismuth-based nanomaterials exhibiting unique structures, which endow them with fascinating physicochemical properties, have received more and more interests as promising photocatalysts. Fabrication of BiOIO 3 photocatalysts by calcination method was investigated for the first time. XRD patterns showed that the crystallinity of BiOIO 3 photocatalysts could be controlled by calcination temperature. TGA demonstrated that calcining the precursor at a specific temperature range was appropriate for preparing BiOIO 3 photocatalysts. XPS and FT-IR characterization revealed that the BiOIO 3 photocatalysts prepared by calcination method possessed oxygen vacancies, which acted as the positive charge centers to trap the electron easily, inhibiting the recombination of photo electron-hole pairs. Furthermore, PL spectra confirmed the oxygen vacancies can favor for the separation of the electron-hole pairs and in turn enhance the photocatalytic performance. From the above analysis, the mechanism of preparing BiOIO 3 photocatalysts by calcination method was proposed. Meanwhile, the effect of oxygen vacancies on the photocatalytic activity of BiOIO 3 photocatalysts was investigated. The BiOIO 3 photocatalysts with oxygen vacancies were found to be efficiently photocatalytically remove gaseous Hg 0 and the relative photocatalysis mechanism was investigated.
- Published
- 2017
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