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6. Supplemental Tables

Author

Kessler, Katharina, Gerl, Mathias J., Hornemann, Silke, Damm, Markus, Klose, Christian, Petzke, Klaus J., Kemper, Margrit, Weber, Daniela, Rudovich, Natalia, Grune, Tilman, Simons, Kai, Kramer, Achim, Pfeiffer, Andreas F. H., and Pivovarova-Ramich, Olga

Abstract

Supplemental Tables

Published
2019
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7. SI Materials and Methods

Author

Kessler, Katharina, Gerl, Mathias J., Hornemann, Silke, Damm, Markus, Klose, Christian, Petzke, Klaus J., Kemper, Margrit, Weber, Daniela, Rudovich, Natalia, Grune, Tilman, Simons, Kai, Kramer, Achim, Pfeiffer, Andreas F. H., and Pivovarova-Ramich, Olga

Abstract

Primer sequences for the real-time PCR

Published
2019
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8. Supplemental Figures

Author

Kessler, Katharina, Gerl, Mathias J., Hornemann, Silke, Damm, Markus, Klose, Christian, Petzke, Klaus J., Kemper, Margrit, Weber, Daniela, Rudovich, Natalia, Grune, Tilman, Simons, Kai, Kramer, Achim, Pfeiffer, Andreas F. H., and Pivovarova-Ramich, Olga

Abstract

Supplemental Figures

Published
2019
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9. Lipidomics dataset

Author

Kessler, Katharina, Gerl, Mathias J., Hornemann, Silke, Damm, Markus, Klose, Christian, Petzke, Klaus J., Kemper, Margrit, Weber, Daniela, Rudovich, Natalia, Grune, Tilman, Simons, Kai, Kramer, Achim, Pfeiffer, Andreas F. H., and Pivovarova-Ramich, Olga

Subjects
lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins)
Abstract

(A) Lipidomics data. Subject ID, cohort, diet, visit, time of day and lipid species measurements are shown. Lipid data are shown a pool/µL or µmol/L. (B) Lipid identifiers. Identifiers of lipids used in this study to the SwissLipids database (http://www.swisslipids.org) are provided.

Published
2019
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10. Shotgun Lipidomics Discovered Diurnal Regulation of Lipid Metabolism Linked to Insulin Sensitivity in Nondiabetic Men

Author

Kessler, Katharina, primary, Gerl, Mathias J, primary, Hornemann, Silke, primary, Damm, Markus, primary, Klose, Christian, primary, Petzke, Klaus J, primary, Kemper, Margrit, primary, Weber, Daniela, primary, Rudovich, Natalia, primary, Grune, Tilman, primary, Simons, Kai, primary, Kramer, Achim, primary, Pfeiffer, Andreas F H, primary, and Pivovarova-Ramich, Olga, primary

Published
2019
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11. The effect of diurnal distribution of carbohydrates and fat on glycaemic control in humans: a randomized controlled trial

Author

Kessler, Katharina, Hornemann, Silke, Petzke, Klaus J, Kemper, Margrit, Kramer, Achim, Pfeiffer, Andreas FH, Pivovarova, Olga, Rudovich, Natalia, Kramer, Achim [0000-0001-9671-6078], Pfeiffer, Andreas FH [0000-0002-6887-0016], Pivovarova, Olga [0000-0002-3583-8546], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
Adult, Blood Glucose, Male, endocrine system diseases, Adolescent, digestive, oral, and skin physiology, nutritional and metabolic diseases, Type 2 diabetes, Fasting, Glucose Tolerance Test, Middle Aged, 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit, Dietary Fats, Nutrition, Randomized controlled trials, Article, Glucagon-Like Peptide 1, Dietary Carbohydrates, Humans, Female, Peptide YY, hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists, Aged
Abstract

Diurnal carbohydrate and fat distribution modulates glycaemic control in rodents. In humans, the optimal timing of both macronutrients and its effects on glycaemic control after prolonged consumption are not studied in detail. In this cross-over trial, 29 non-obese men were randomized to two four-week diets: (1) carbohydrate-rich meals until 13.30 and fat-rich meals between 16.30 and 22.00 (HC/HF) versus (2) inverse sequence of meals (HF/HC). After each trial period two meal tolerance tests were performed, at 09.00 and 15.40, respectively, according to the previous intervention. On the HF/HC diet, whole-day glucose level was increased by 7.9% (p = 0.026) in subjects with impaired fasting glucose and/or impaired glucose tolerance (IFG/IGT, n = 11), and GLP-1 by 10.2% (p = 0.041) in normal glucose-tolerant subjects (NGT, n = 18). Diet effects on fasting GLP-1 (p = 0.009) and PYY (p = 0.034) levels were observed in IFG/IGT, but not in NGT. Afternoon decline of glucose tolerance was more pronounced in IFG/IGT and associated with a stronger decrease of postprandial GLP-1 and PYY levels, but not with changes of cortisol rhythm. In conclusion, the HF/HC diet shows an unfavourable effect on glycaemic control in IFG/IGT, but not in NGT subjects. Consequently, large, carbohydrate-rich dinners should be avoided, primarily by subjects with impaired glucose metabolism.

Published
2017

16. The dietary protein paradox and threonine 15N-depletion: Pyridoxal-5'-phosphate enzyme activity as a mechanism for the δ15N trophic level effect.

Author

Fuller, Benjamin T. and Petzke, Klaus J.

Subjects
*NITROGEN isotopes, *AMINO acid sequence, *SERUM albumin, *OXIDATIVE stress, *MASS spectrometry, *THERAPEUTICS
Abstract

Rationale Nitrogen stable isotope ratios (δ15N values) are used to reconstruct dietary patterns, but the biochemical mechanism(s) responsible for the diet to tissue trophic level effect and its variability are not fully understood. Here δ15N amino acid (AA) values and physiological measurements (nitrogen intake, plasma albumin concentrations, liver-reduced glutathione concentrations and leucine oxidation rates) are used to investigate increased dietary protein consumption and oxidative stress (vitamin E deficiency) in rat total plasma protein. Methods Using gas chromatography/combustion/isotope ratio mass spectrometry, the δ15N values from N-pivaloyl- i-propyl esters of 15 AAs are reported for rats ( n = 40) fed casein-based diets with: adequate protein (AP, 13.8%; n = 10), medium protein (MP, 25.7%; n = 10), high protein (HP, 51.3%; n = 10) or HP without vitamin E (HP-E; n = 10) for 18 weeks. Results Between the HP and AP groups, the δ15NAA values of threonine (-4.0‰), serine (+1.4‰) and glycine (+1.2‰) display the largest differences and show significant correlations with: nitrogen intake, plasma albumin concentrations, liver-reduced glutathione concentrations and leucine oxidation rates. This indicates increased AA catabolism by the dietary induction of shared common metabolic pathways involving the enzymes threonine ammonia-lyase (EC 4.3.1.19), serine hydroxymethyltransferase (EC 2.1.2.1) and the glycine cleavage system (EC 2.1.2.10). The δ15NAA values of the HP-E and HP groups were not found to be significantly different. Conclusions The 15N-depleted results of threonine are linked to increased activity of threonine ammonia-lyase, and show potential as a possible biomarker for protein intake and/or gluconeogenesis. We hypothesize that the inverse nitrogen equilibrium isotope effects of Schiff base formation, between AAs and pyridoxal-5'-phosphate cofactor enzymes, play a key role in the bioaccumulation and depletion of 15N in the biomolecules of living organisms and contributes to the variability in the nitrogen trophic level effect. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
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