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In this work, we have performed a simulation to study the structural characteristics and phase transformation in Al2O3 glass under compression. The structural characteristics of Al2O3 glass were examined via AlOx units, OAly linkages, the average bond distance distributions, order parameters, and visualization of simulation data. The result showed that the network structure of Al2O3 glass is built mainly by AlOx (x = 3, 4, 5, 6, 7) units that are linked to each other via common O atoms. We found that the distribution of AlOx units in network structure is not uniform but tends to form clusters contained AlOx units. In addition, during a moderately long time, the glass has a two-phase that consists of separate low-density (LD) and high-density (HD) phases. The size of these phases significantly depends on the compression.

The labour force surveys (LFSs) on all Eurostat countries underwent a substantial redesign in January 2021. To ensure coherent labour market time series for the main indicators in the Norwegian LFS, we model the impact of the redesign. We use a state-space model that takes explicit account of the rotating pattern of the LFS. We also include auxiliary variables related to employment and unemployment that are highly correlated with the LFS variables we consider. The results of a parallel run are also included in the model. This paper makes two contributions to the literature on the effects of LFS redesign. First, we suggest a symmetric specification of the process of the wave-specific effects. Second, we account for substantial fluctuations in the labour force estimates during the Covid-19 pandemic by applying time-varying hyperparameters. Likelihood-ratio tests and examination of the auxiliary residuals show the latter to be warranted.

X-12-ARIMA har vært brukt i Statistisk sentralbyrå i mange år som et verktøy for sesongjustering. Det er en ikke parametrisk metode, der trend- og sesongkomponent blir estimert ved glidende gjennomsnittsteknikk, ikke modeller. Vi får dermed estimerte verdier for trend-, sesongkomponent og sesongjusterte tall uten usikkerheter. Pfeffermann har laget en metode for å anslå disse usikkerhetene. Vi anvender denne metoden for å beregne usikkerheter av trend og sesongjusterte tall for prosent arbeidsledige totalt. Vi beregner også usikkerhetene for 3-måneders glidende gjennomsnitt og 3-månedersendring av sesongjusterte tall. Variansestimeringen tar hensyn til korrelasjonen til utvalgsfeil som kommer fra en roterende panelundersøkelse.