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Background Parkinson's disease (PD) , as one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases, has become a global medical problem due to the obvious adverse reaction of drug treatment and the reduced efficacy of long-term use. Guasha is one of the widely used non-drug therapies of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) with unique advantages in the treatment of nervous system diseases. At present, there are few studies on the treatment of idiopathic PD with Guasha combined with drug therapy. Objective To explore the short-term clinical effect of Guasha combined with drug therapy for idiopathic PD. Methods Sixteen patients with idiopathic PD in the early and middle stages selected by the purposive sampling method from March 2021 to September 2021 in outpatients of Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine and Jiangsu Province Hospital were selected as the observation group, and another 16 patients with idiopathic PD were selected as the control group according to the principle of matching gender, age, course of disease and Hoehn-Yahr stage. The observation group was treated with Guasha combined with western medicine orally for 4 weeks as a course of treatment; after 3 courses of treatment, Guasha was stopped and western medicine orally continued for 1 course of treatment as follow-up. The control group was treated with simple western medicine orally for 4 weeks as a course of treatment, and the last one of 4 courses of treatment was recorded as follow-up. After 3 months of treatment and 1 month of follow-up, the Movement Disorder Society-Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating ScaleⅢ (MDS-UPDRSⅢ) score, Non-motor Symptom Score (NMSS) and clinical efficacy were observed. The levels of serum interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and nuclear transcription factor κB (NF-κB) were observed after 3 months of treatment. Results After 3 months of treatment, the scores of MDS-UPDRS Ⅲ and NMSS, and the levels of serum IL-1β and NF-κB in two groups were lower than those before treatment (P

In vitro tissue culture technologies provide novel tools for improving plant production [...]

Root and tuber crops (RTCs) are the second-most important carbohydrate commodity after cereals. Many species of the RTCs are vegetatively propagated, making their shoot tips the preferred material to be conserved for future uses. Shoot tip cryopreservation provides an important tool to support the long-term conservation of plant genetic resources. Over the past four decades, significant efforts have been undertaken to move shoot tip cryopreservation of RTCs from research projects to full-scale implementation in cryobanks. This comprehensive review focuses on the history of cryopreservation protocols developed in RTCs. The encapsulation and vitrification solution-based cryopreservation techniques followed by ultra-rapid freezing and thawing have been highly successful. Additionally, different strategies for improving the cryotolerance of shoot tips have been introduced to further increase post-cryopreservation recovery. Finally, the research conducted to explain the mechanism underlying cryoprotection and differential cryotolerance including the use of histological studies are highlighted.

Abstract Lilium is one of the most popular flower crops worldwide, and some species are also used as vegetables and medicines. The availability of and easy access to diverse Lilium genetic resources are essential for plant genetic improvements. Cryopreservation is currently considered as an ideal means for the long-term preservation of plant germplasm. Over the last two decades, great efforts have been exerted in studies of Lilium cryopreservation and progress has been made in the successful cryopreservation of pollen, seeds and shoot tips in Lilium. Genes that exist in Lilium, including those that regulate flower shape, color and size, and that are resistant to cold stress and diseases caused by fungi and viruses, provide a rich source of valuable genetic resources for breeding programs to create novel cultivars required by the global floriculture and ornamental markets. Successful cryopreservation of Lilium spp. is a way to preserve these valuable genes. The present study provides updated and comprehensive information about the development of techniques that have advanced Lilium cryopreservation. Further ideas are proposed to better direct future studies on Lilium cryobiotechnology.

In vitro micrografting is an important technique supporting the micropropagation of a range of plant species, particularly woody plant species. Over the past several decades, in vitro micrografting has become a strategy to facilitate shoot recovery and acclimatization of in vitro-grown horticultural species. This review focuses on studies on horticultural crops over the past two decades that cover the establishment of in vitro micrografting, discusses factors affecting the success of in vitro micrografting, and provides commentary on the contribution of micrografting applications to the field of micropropagation. Considering the important roles of micrografting in the restoration of vigor and rooting competence, in promotion of shoot recovery following somatic embryogenesis and organogenesis, and in facilitation of shoot regrowth after cryopreservation, the potential use of this technique in facilitation of genetic engineering and safe conservation of horticultural species are specially highlighted.

Abstract Production of virus-free plants is necessary to control viral diseases, import novel cultivars from other countries, exchange breeding materials between countries or regions and preserve plant germplasm. In vitro techniques represent the most successful approaches for virus eradication. In vitro thermotherapy-based methods, including combining thermotherapy with shoot tip culture, chemotherapy, micrografting or shoot tip cryotherapy, have been successfully established for efficient eradication of various viruses from almost all of the most economically important crops. The present study reviewed recent advances in in vitro thermotherapy-based methods for virus eradication since the twenty-first century. Mechanisms as to why thermotherapy-based methods could efficiently eradicate viruses were discussed. Finally, future prospects were proposed to direct further studies.