16 results on '"Quirk G"'
Search Results
2. Hydrogen Assisted Cracking Studies of a 12% Chromium Martensitic Stainless Steel—Influence of Hardness, Stress and Environment
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Horner, D. A., primary, Lowden, M., additional, Nevitt, P., additional, and Quirk, G., additional
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- 2017
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3. Retrieving fear memories, as time goes by…
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Do Monte, F H, Quirk, G J, Li, B, and Penzo, M A
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- 2016
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4. Shades of blue: what do competing interpretations of the Blue Economy mean for oceans governance?
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Voyer, M, Quirk, G, McIlgorm, A, Azmi, K, Voyer, M, Quirk, G, McIlgorm, A, and Azmi, K
- Abstract
© 2018, © 2018 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. The ‘Blue Economy’ is an increasingly popular term in modern marine and ocean governance. The concept seeks to marry ocean-based development opportunities with environmental stewardship and protection. Yet different actors are co-opting this term in competing, and often conflicting ways. Four conceptual interpretations of the Blue Economy are identified, through examination of dominant discourses within international Blue Economy policy documents and key ‘grey’ literature. The way the Blue Economy is enacted is also examined, through an analysis of the Blue Economy ‘in practice’, and the actors involved. Finally, the scope of the Blue Economy is explored, with a particular focus on which particular marine industries are included or excluded from different conceptualizations. This analysis reveals areas of both consensus and conflict. Areas of consensus reflect the growing trend towards commodification and valuation of nature, the designation and delimitation of spatial boundaries in the oceans and increasing securitization of the world's oceans. Areas of conflict exist most notably around a divergence in opinions over the legitimacy of individual sectors as components of the ‘Blue Economy’, in particular, carbon-intensive industries like oil and gas, and the emerging industry of deep seabed mining.
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- 2018
5. Maritime security and the Blue Economy: intersections and interdependencies in the Indian Ocean
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Voyer, M, Schofield, C, Azmi, K, Warner, R, McIlgorm, A, Quirk, G, Voyer, M, Schofield, C, Azmi, K, Warner, R, McIlgorm, A, and Quirk, G
- Abstract
© 2018 Indian Ocean Research Group. Maritime security is essential to supporting the Blue Economy. Many maritime security forums have been key supporters of the Blue Economy concept, particularly in the Indian Ocean region (IOR). This paper will explore the co-evolution and co-dependence of Blue Economy and maritime security agendas, with a particular focus on the IOR. It identifies two primary interactions between Blue Economy and maritime security interests. Firstly, maritime security is an enabler of the Blue Economy, for example, through safeguarding navigation routes, providing important oceanographic data to marine industries and protecting rights over valuable marine resources and activities within claimed zones of maritime jurisdiction. Secondly, an often overlooked role that maritime security plays in the Blue Economy is by being itself a source of economic development and growth. An expanded Blue Economy will create greater demand for maritime security capabilities, and this, in turn, will trigger increased investment and growth in these capabilities. The enhanced and increasingly diverse role that maritime security will continue to play in the Blue Economy can be seen across all sectors in the IOR.
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- 2018
6. Revisiting the Role of Infralimbic Cortex in Fear Extinction with Optogenetics
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Do-Monte, F. H., primary, Manzano-Nieves, G., additional, Quinones-Laracuente, K., additional, Ramos-Medina, L., additional, and Quirk, G. J., additional
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- 2015
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7. Sensitive SARS-CoV-2 salivary antibody assays for clinical saline gargle samples using smartphone-based competitive particle immunoassay platforms.
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Liang Y, Buchanan BC, Khanthaphixay B, Zhou A, Quirk G, Worobey M, and Yoon JY
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- Humans, SARS-CoV-2, Smartphone, Antibodies, Viral, Immunoglobulin G, Immunoassay, COVID-19 diagnosis, Biosensing Techniques
- Abstract
Antibody assay for SARS-CoV-2 has become increasingly important to track latent and asymptomatic infections, check the individual's immune status, and confirm vaccine efficacy and durability. However, current SARS-CoV-2 antibody assays require invasive blood collection, requiring a remote laboratory and a trained phlebotomist. Direct detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies from clinical saline gargle samples has been considered challenging due to the smaller number of antibodies in such specimens and the high limit of detection of currently available rapid tests. This work demonstrates simple and non-invasive methods for detecting SARS-CoV-2 salivary antibodies. Competitive particle immunoassays were developed on a paper microfluidic chip using the receptor-binding domain (RBD) antigens on spike proteins. Using a smartphone, they were monitored by counting the captured fluorescent particles or evaluating the capillary flow velocities. The limit of detection (LOD), cross-binding between alpha- and omicron-strains, and the effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) presence were investigated. LODs were 1-5 ng/mL in both 10% and 1% saliva. Clinical saline gargle samples were assayed using both methods, showing a statistical difference between virus-negative and virus-positive samples, although the assays targeted antibodies. Only a small number of virus-positive samples were antibody-negative. The high assay sensitivity detected a small number of antibodies developed even during the early phase of infections. Overall, this work demonstrates the ability to detect SARS-CoV-2 salivary IgG antibodies on simple, cost-effective, portable platforms towards mitigating SARS-CoV-2 and potentially other respiratory viruses., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
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- 2023
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8. Smartphone-based sensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2 from saline gargle samples via flow profile analysis on a paper microfluidic chip.
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Akarapipad P, Kaarj K, Breshears LE, Sosnowski K, Baker J, Nguyen BT, Eades C, Uhrlaub JL, Quirk G, Nikolich-Žugich J, Worobey M, and Yoon JY
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- Humans, Microfluidics, SARS-CoV-2, Smartphone, Biosensing Techniques, COVID-19 diagnosis, Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype
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Respiratory viruses, especially coronaviruses, have resulted in worldwide pandemics in the past couple of decades. Saliva-based paper microfluidic assays represent an opportunity for noninvasive and rapid screening, yet both the sample matrix and test method come with unique challenges. In this work, we demonstrated the rapid and sensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2 from saliva samples, which could be simpler and more comfortable for patients than existing methods. Furthermore, we systematically investigated the components of saliva samples that affected assay performance. Using only a smartphone, an antibody-conjugated particle suspension, and a paper microfluidic chip, we made the assay user-friendly with minimal processing. Unlike the previously established flow rate assays that depended solely on the flow rate or distance, this unique assay analyzes the flow profile to determine infection status. Particle-target immunoagglutination changed the surface tension and subsequently the capillary flow velocity profile. A smartphone camera automatically measured the flow profile using a Python script, which was not affected by ambient light variations. The limit of detection (LOD) was 1 fg/μL SARS-CoV-2 from 1% saliva samples and 10 fg/μL from simulated saline gargle samples (15% saliva and 0.9% saline). This method was highly specific as demonstrated using influenza A/H1N1. The sample-to-answer assay time was <15 min, including <1-min capillary flow time. The overall accuracy was 89% with relatively clean clinical saline gargle samples. Despite some limitations with turbid clinical samples, this method presents a potential solution for rapid mass testing techniques during any infectious disease outbreak as soon as the antibodies become available., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
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- 2022
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9. Sensitive, smartphone-based SARS-CoV-2 detection from clinical saline gargle samples.
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Breshears LE, Nguyen BT, Akarapipad P, Sosnowski K, Kaarj K, Quirk G, Uhrlaub JL, Nikolich-Žugich J, Worobey M, and Yoon JY
- Abstract
Saliva specimens have drawn interest for diagnosing respiratory viral infections due to their ease of collection and decreased risk to healthcare providers. However, rapid and sensitive immunoassays have not yet been satisfactorily demonstrated for such specimens due to their viscosity and low viral loads. Using paper microfluidic chips and a smartphone-based fluorescence microscope, we developed a highly sensitive, low-cost immunofluorescence particulometric SARS-CoV-2 assay from clinical saline gargle samples. We demonstrated the limit of detection of 10 ag/μL. With easy-to-collect saline gargle samples, our clinical sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 100%, 86%, and 93%, respectively, for n = 27 human subjects with n = 13 RT-qPCR positives., (© The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the National Academy of Sciences.)
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- 2022
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10. Immune responses to two and three doses of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine in adults with solid tumors.
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Shroff RT, Chalasani P, Wei R, Pennington D, Quirk G, Schoenle MV, Peyton KL, Uhrlaub JL, Ripperger TJ, Jergović M, Dalgai S, Wolf A, Whitmer R, Hammad H, Carrier A, Scott AJ, Nikolich-Žugich J, Worobey M, Sprissler R, Dake M, LaFleur BJ, and Bhattacharya D
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- Adult, Aged, Antibodies, Viral blood, Antibodies, Viral metabolism, Arizona, COVID-19 Vaccines administration & dosage, COVID-19 Vaccines immunology, Cohort Studies, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Female, Humans, Immunity, Humoral drug effects, Immunity, Humoral physiology, Male, Middle Aged, Neoplasms immunology, Neoplasms pathology, RNA, Messenger immunology, RNA, Viral immunology, SARS-CoV-2 genetics, SARS-CoV-2 immunology, Young Adult, BNT162 Vaccine administration & dosage, BNT162 Vaccine immunology, COVID-19 prevention & control, Neoplasms therapy
- Abstract
Vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have shown high efficacy, but immunocompromised participants were excluded from controlled clinical trials. In this study, we compared immune responses to the BNT162b2 mRNA Coronavirus Disease 2019 vaccine in patients with solid tumors (n = 53) who were on active cytotoxic anti-cancer therapy to a control cohort of participants without cancer (n = 50). Neutralizing antibodies were detected in 67% of patients with cancer after the first immunization, followed by a threefold increase in median titers after the second dose. Similar patterns were observed for spike protein-specific serum antibodies and T cells, but the magnitude of each of these responses was diminished relative to the control cohort. In most patients with cancer, we detected spike receptor-binding domain and other S1-specific memory B cell subsets as potential predictors of anamnestic responses to additional immunizations. We therefore initiated a phase 1 trial for 20 cancer cohort participants of a third vaccine dose of BNT162b2 ( NCT04936997 ); primary outcomes were immune responses, with a secondary outcome of safety. At 1 week after a third immunization, 16 participants demonstrated a median threefold increase in neutralizing antibody responses, but no improvement was observed in T cell responses. Adverse events were mild. These results suggest that a third dose of BNT162b2 is safe, improves humoral immunity against SARS-CoV-2 and could be immunologically beneficial for patients with cancer on active chemotherapy., (© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature America, Inc.)
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- 2021
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11. Immune Responses to COVID-19 mRNA Vaccines in Patients with Solid Tumors on Active, Immunosuppressive Cancer Therapy.
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Shroff RT, Chalasani P, Wei R, Pennington D, Quirk G, Schoenle MV, Peyton KL, Uhrlaub JL, Ripperger TJ, Jergović M, Dalgai S, Wolf A, Whitmer R, Hammad H, Carrier A, Scott AJ, Nikolich-Žugich J, Worobey M, Sprissler R, Dake M, LaFleur BJ, and Bhattacharya D
- Abstract
Vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 have shown high efficacy, but immunocompromised participants were excluded from controlled clinical trials. We compared immune responses to the Pfizer/BioNTech mRNA vaccine in solid tumor patients (n=53) on active cytotoxic anti-cancer therapy to a control cohort (n=50) as an observational study. Using live SARS-CoV-2 assays, neutralizing antibodies were detected in 67% and 80% of cancer patients after the first and second immunizations, respectively, with a 3-fold increase in median titers after the booster. Similar trends were observed in serum antibodies against the receptor-binding domain (RBD) and S2 regions of Spike protein, and in IFN γ + Spike-specific T cells. Yet the magnitude of each of these responses was diminished relative to the control cohort. We therefore quantified RBD- and Spike S1-specific memory B cell subsets as predictors of anamnestic responses to additional immunizations. After the second vaccination, Spike-specific plasma cell-biased memory B cells were observed in most cancer patients at levels similar to those of the control cohort after the first immunization. We initiated an interventional phase 1 trial of a third booster shot (NCT04936997); primary outcomes were immune responses with a secondary outcome of safety. After a third immunization, the 20 participants demonstrated an increase in antibody responses, with a median 3-fold increase in virus-neutralizing titers. Yet no improvement was observed in T cell responses at 1 week after the booster immunization. There were mild adverse events, primarily injection site myalgia, with no serious adverse events after a month of follow-up. These results suggest that a third vaccination improves humoral immunity against COVID-19 in cancer patients on active chemotherapy with no severe adverse events., Competing Interests: Competing interests: Sana Biotechnology has licensed intellectual property of D.B. and Washington University in St. Louis. D.B. is a co-founder of Clade Therapeutics. B.J.L. has a financial interest in Cofactor Genomics, Inc. and Iron Horse Dx. P.C. receives research funding from Pfizer, BioAtla, Zentalis, Genentech, Eli-Lilly, Phoenix Molecular Designs, Amgen, Radius Pharmaceuticals, Carrick Therapeutics, and Angiochem and served on advisory boards for Novartis, Eli Lilly, Zentalis, Astra-Zeneca, Amgen, Bayer, Asthenex, Prosigna, Heron, Puma Biotechnology and Oncosec. R.T.S. receives research funding from Merck, Rafael Pharmaceuticals, ImmunoVaccine, Bayer, SeaGen, Exelixis, Pieris, LOXO Oncology, Novocure, NuCana, QED and has served as a consultant/advisor to Merck, Servier, Astra-Zeneca, EMD Serono, Taiho, QED, Incyte, Genentech, Basilea.
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- 2021
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12. An Early Pandemic Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Population Structure and Dynamics in Arizona.
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Ladner JT, Larsen BB, Bowers JR, Hepp CM, Bolyen E, Folkerts M, Sheridan K, Pfeiffer A, Yaglom H, Lemmer D, Sahl JW, Kaelin EA, Maqsood R, Bokulich NA, Quirk G, Watts TD, Komatsu KK, Waddell V, Lim ES, Caporaso JG, Engelthaler DM, Worobey M, and Keim P
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- Arizona epidemiology, Betacoronavirus classification, Betacoronavirus isolation & purification, COVID-19, Coronavirus Infections virology, Evolution, Molecular, Genome, Viral genetics, Humans, Incidence, Mutation, Pandemics, Phylogeny, Pneumonia, Viral virology, SARS-CoV-2, Viral Proteins genetics, Betacoronavirus genetics, Coronavirus Infections epidemiology, Coronavirus Infections transmission, Pneumonia, Viral epidemiology, Pneumonia, Viral transmission
- Abstract
In December of 2019, a novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, emerged in the city of Wuhan, China, causing severe morbidity and mortality. Since then, the virus has swept across the globe, causing millions of confirmed infections and hundreds of thousands of deaths. To better understand the nature of the pandemic and the introduction and spread of the virus in Arizona, we sequenced viral genomes from clinical samples tested at the TGen North Clinical Laboratory, the Arizona Department of Health Services, and those collected as part of community surveillance projects at Arizona State University and the University of Arizona. Phylogenetic analysis of 84 genomes from across Arizona revealed a minimum of 11 distinct introductions inferred to have occurred during February and March. We show that >80% of our sequences descend from strains that were initially circulating widely in Europe but have since dominated the outbreak in the United States. In addition, we show that the first reported case of community transmission in Arizona descended from the Washington state outbreak that was discovered in late February. Notably, none of the observed transmission clusters are epidemiologically linked to the original travel-related case in the state, suggesting successful early isolation and quarantine. Finally, we use molecular clock analyses to demonstrate a lack of identifiable, widespread cryptic transmission in Arizona prior to the middle of February 2020. IMPORTANCE As the COVID-19 pandemic swept across the United States, there was great differential impact on local and regional communities. One of the earliest and hardest hit regions was in New York, while at the same time Arizona (for example) had low incidence. That situation has changed dramatically, with Arizona now having the highest rate of disease increase in the country. Understanding the roots of the pandemic during the initial months is essential as the pandemic continues and reaches new heights. Genomic analysis and phylogenetic modeling of SARS-COV-2 in Arizona can help to reconstruct population composition and predict the earliest undetected introductions. This foundational work represents the basis for future analysis and understanding as the pandemic continues., (Copyright © 2020 Ladner et al.)
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- 2020
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13. Functional disruption in prefrontal-striatal network in obsessive-compulsive disorder.
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Sha Z, Versace A, Edmiston EK, Fournier J, Graur S, Greenberg T, Santos JPL, Chase HW, Stiffler RS, Bonar L, Hudak R, Yendiki A, Greenberg BD, Rasmussen S, Liu H, Quirk G, Haber S, and Phillips ML
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- Adult, Amygdala physiopathology, Case-Control Studies, Cerebral Cortex physiopathology, Corpus Striatum diagnostic imaging, Corpus Striatum physiopathology, Female, Gyrus Cinguli physiopathology, Humans, Male, Nerve Net diagnostic imaging, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder diagnostic imaging, Prefrontal Cortex diagnostic imaging, Prefrontal Cortex physiopathology, Thalamus physiopathology, Young Adult, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Nerve Net physiopathology, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder physiopathology, Severity of Illness Index
- Abstract
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by intrusive thoughts and repetitive, compulsive behaviors. While a cortico-striatal-limbic network has been implicated in the pathophysiology of OCD, the neural correlates of this network in OCD are not well understood. In this study, we examined resting state functional connectivity among regions within the cortico-striatal-limbic OCD neural network, including the rostral anterior cingulate cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, ventromedial prefrontal cortex, amygdala, thalamus and caudate, in 44 OCD and 43 healthy participants. We then examined relationships between OCD neural network connectivity and OCD symptom severity in OCD participants. OCD relative to healthy participants showed significantly greater connectivity between the left caudate and bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. We also found a positive correlation between left caudate-bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex connectivity and depression scores in OCD participants, such that greater positive connectivity was associated with more severe symptoms. This study makes a significant contribution to our understanding of functional networks and their relationship with depression in OCD., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors report no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest., (Published by Elsevier B.V.)
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- 2020
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14. Functional Disruption of Cerebello-thalamo-cortical Networks in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder.
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Sha Z, Edmiston EK, Versace A, Fournier JC, Graur S, Greenberg T, Lima Santos JP, Chase HW, Stiffler RS, Bonar L, Hudak R, Yendiki A, Greenberg BD, Rasmussen S, Liu H, Quirk G, Haber S, and Phillips ML
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- Adult, Brain, Cerebellum, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cerebral Cortex diagnostic imaging, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
- Abstract
Background: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by intrusive thoughts and repetitive, compulsive behaviors. Neuroimaging studies have implicated altered connectivity among the functional networks of the cerebral cortex in the pathophysiology of OCD. However, there has been no comprehensive investigation of the cross-talk between the cerebellum and functional networks in the cerebral cortex., Methods: This functional neuroimaging study was completed by 44 adult participants with OCD and 43 healthy control participants. We performed large-scale data-driven brain network analysis to identify functional connectivity patterns using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data., Results: Participants with OCD showed lower functional connectivity within the somatomotor network and greater functional connectivity among the somatomotor network, cerebellum, and subcortical network (e.g., thalamus and pallidum; all p < .005). Network-based statistics analyses demonstrated one component comprising connectivity within the somatomotor network that showed lower connectivity and a second component comprising connectivity among the somatomotor network, and motor regions in particular, and the cerebellum that showed greater connectivity in participants with OCD relative to healthy control participants. In participants with OCD, abnormal connectivity across both network-based statistics-derived components positively correlated with OCD symptom severity (p = .006)., Conclusions: To our knowledge, this study is the first comprehensive investigation of large-scale network alteration across the cerebral cortex, subcortical regions, and cerebellum in OCD. Our findings highlight a critical role of the cerebellum in the pathophysiology of OCD., (Published by Elsevier Inc.)
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- 2020
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15. Integrating neuroscience and learning: now's the time...
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Sah P, Fanselow M, Hattie J, Magsamen S, Mattingley J, Quirk G, and Williams S
- Abstract
Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
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- 2016
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16. Amphetamine sensitization is accompanied by an increase in prelimbic cortex activity.
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Aguilar-Rivera MI, Casanova JP, Gatica RI, Quirk GJ, and Fuentealba JA
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- Action Potentials drug effects, Animals, Cerebral Cortex physiology, Cerebral Cortex physiopathology, Male, Motor Activity drug effects, Neurons physiology, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Amphetamine pharmacology, Central Nervous System Stimulants pharmacology, Cerebral Cortex drug effects, Neurons drug effects
- Abstract
Drug addiction is associated with dysfunction in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). However, the modifications of neuronal activity in mPFC underlying the reinforcing properties of addictive drugs are still unclear. Here we carried out single-unit recording experiments to study the neuronal activity in the prelimbic (PL) cortex of anesthetized rats, after expression of locomotor sensitization to amphetamine. In control rats, an acute injection of amphetamine induced mainly an inhibitory effect on firing rate (FR) and this response was negatively correlated with the basal FR. Sensitized rats showed a higher proportion of excited neurons and the response to amphetamine was independent of basal FR. Moreover, in control rats, acute amphetamine decreased burst rate, whereas in sensitized rats acute amphetamine increased burst rate. These findings indicate that amphetamine sensitization renders mPFC neurons hyperexcitable. Taken together, these data support the hypothesis that early withdrawal is associated with an increase in the activity of the mPFC, which could strengthen the PL-Nucleus Accumbens connection, thus facilitating amphetamine-induced locomotor sensitization., (Copyright © 2014 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
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