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Your search keyword '"R. R. Sarraf"' showing total 2 results
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2 results on '"R. R. Sarraf"'

1. Impact of intensified case-finding strategies on childhood TB case registration in Nepal

Author

Anthony D. Harries, Ajay M. V. Kumar, Shyam Prakash Dumre, R. Pant, R. Lama, Palanivel Chinnakali, Basant Joshi, Mrinalini Das, R. R. Sarraf, and A. Shrestha

Subjects
Childhood tuberculosis, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, education.field_of_study, Household contact, Tuberculosis, business.industry, Health Policy, Population, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Original Articles, medicine.disease, Environmental health, medicine, Case finding, business, Pulmonary tb, education
Abstract

Setting: Seven intervention districts with intensified childhood tuberculosis (TB) case-finding strategies implemented by a non-governmental organisation and seven control districts under the National Tuberculosis Programme, Nepal. Objectives: To assess the differences in childhood TB case registrations and case registration rates per 100 000 population between two time periods (Year 1 = March 2012–March 2013 and Year 2 = March 2013–March 2014) in intervention and control districts. Design: Retrospective record review using routinely collected data. Results: Childhood TB cases increased from 271 to 360 between Years 1 and 2 in the intervention districts (case registration rate from 18.2 to 24.2/100 000) and from 97 to 113 in the control districts (13.4 to 15.6/100 000): the increases were significantly higher in the intervention districts compared with the control districts. The increases were also significantly higher in children aged 0–4 years and in those with smear-negative pulmonary TB and extra-pulmonary TB. Of the various case-finding strategies, household contact screening, private-public mix services and mobile health chest camps produced the highest yield of TB. Conclusion: A package of intensified case-finding strategies in children was associated with an increase in childhood TB case registrations in Nepal. Additional diagnostic approaches to increase case registrations also need to be considered.

Published
2015
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2. Spread of imipenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii co-expressing OXA-23 and GES-11 carbapenemases in Lebanon.

Author

Hammoudi D, Moubareck CA, Hakime N, Houmani M, Barakat A, Najjar Z, Suleiman M, Fayad N, Sarraf R, and Sarkis DK

Subjects
Acinetobacter baumannii enzymology, Acinetobacter baumannii genetics, Acinetobacter baumannii isolation & purification, Cloxacillin pharmacology, Drug Resistance, Bacterial, Humans, Lebanon, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Acinetobacter baumannii drug effects, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Bacterial Proteins genetics, Imipenem pharmacology, beta-Lactamases genetics
Abstract

Objectives: The acquisition of carbapenemases by Acinetobacter baumannii is reported increasingly worldwide, but data from Lebanon are limited. The aims of this study were to evaluate the prevalence of imipenem-resistant A. baumannii in Lebanon, identify resistance determinants, and detect clonal relatedness., Methods: Imipenem-resistant A. baumannii were collected from nine Lebanese hospitals during 2012. Antimicrobial susceptibility, the cloxacillin effect, and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) synergy were determined. Genes encoding carbapenemases and insertion sequence ISAba1 were screened via PCR sequencing. ISAba1 position relative to genes encoding Acinetobacter-derived cephalosporinases (ADCs) and OXA-23 was studied by PCR mapping. Clonal linkage was examined by enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus PCR (ERIC-PCR)., Results: Out of 724 A. baumannii isolated in 2012, 638 (88%) were imipenem-resistant. Of these, 142 were analyzed. Clavulanic acid-imipenem synergy suggested carbapenem-hydrolyzing extended-spectrum β-lactamase. A positive cloxacillin test indicated ADCs, while EDTA detection strips were negative. Genotyping indicated that 90% of isolates co-harbored blaOXA-23 and blaGES-11. The remaining strains had blaOXA-23, blaOXA-24, blaGES-11, or blaOXA-24 with blaGES-11. ISAba1 was located upstream of blaADC and blaOXA-23 in 97% and 100% of isolates, respectively. ERIC-PCR fingerprinting revealed 18 pulsotypes spread via horizontal gene transfer and clonal dissemination., Conclusion: This survey established baseline evidence of OXA-23 and GES-11-producing A. baumannii in Lebanon, indicating the need for further surveillance., (Copyright © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

Published
2015
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