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New Zealand has a legal 3D cadastre, and has done since the inception of its cadastral survey and tenure systems around 150 years ago. However, the digital representation of the cadastre is 2D with 3D situations handled via static plan, section and elevation images and supporting textual information. Work is currently underway to develop a 3D digital cadastre that will enable the 3D spatial extents of property rights, restrictions and responsibilities to be captured, validated, lodged, integrated with existing data, visualised, and made available for use in other systems. This article presents the approach that is being promoted by regulators of New Zealand's cadastral survey system in discussions with suppliers of land administration systems. Previous research concluded that the most appropriate way for New Zealand to develop a 3D digital cadastre is to build upon its existing system. The 2D digital cadastre would continue to be the default layer with 3D situations incorporated as and where necessary. To enable this requires a new approach to handling parcels defined in 3D. The representation of a 3D parcel as a spatial object is being proposed to allow parcels limited in height to be integrated into the digital cadastre and subsequently maintained. While the authors discuss how New Zealand's digital cadastre may be transitioned to 3D, it is suggested that the generic nature of spatial objects could be applied to other jurisdictions. For this reason, the international appeal of the approach is considered as other jurisdictions and providers of software applications may benefit from New Zealand's efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Decision-makers in the field of land administration and surveying need a broad understanding of emerging developments that are expected to shape the future of the industry. This study examines the relative perceived importance of several megatrends in the context of cadastral systems. In addition, we discuss the implications of relevant megatrends for the Finnish cadastral system and synthesize the anticipated impacts into key points. Our results are based on a two-round Delphi survey among Finnish experts in cadastral systems. The respondents identified digital culture, ubiquitous intelligence, and a tendency towards transparency, accessibility, and open data as the most important megatrends shaping the future of the Finnish cadastral system. Technological megatrends were also expected to have major impacts on the Finnish cadastral system by 2035. According to the panel technological advances will shape user preferences in the future. They anticipate that new forms of public services and collaboration between the public and private sectors in producing cadastral information will emerge by 2035. Our results indicate that Finnish experts view the development of the cadastral system as a technology-driven process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many Global Positioning System/Global Navigation Satellite System (GPS/GNSS) methods are applied to the cadastral survey after the rapid development of satellite-based positioning. These methods are reported to give efficiency, speed and economy compared to the conventional ones. In this study, it is aimed to comprehensively evaluate the most commonly used GPS/GNSS methods for cadastral survey. Furthermore, a median based comparison strategy was developed for the distribution of the results. The research results showed the difference of a few centimeters between the coordinates obtained from the terrestrial and the GPS/GNSS techniques. Furthermore, the developed robust criteria verified the compatibility of the results. It is clear that the GPS/GNSS based methods achieve high accurate output in real time and are well-matched with surveying standards in Turkey. In addition, the robust criteria appear to be a fast, effective and objective method to compare the results, especially for the height component. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article presents the findings of a research done to find the impacts of aging population on land prices in Japan revealing variation among Japanese municipalities and prediction of a massive decrease in residential land price by 2040. It talks about the research approach which includes the theory of long-run portfolio choice and also discusses the comments given by the author, Somkiat Tangkitvanich on the findings, including bubble components in land prices and overestimation, among others.