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Objective The objective is to evaluate the diagnostic effectiveness of contrast-enhanced spectral mammography (CESM) in the diagnosis of breast cancer.Design Data sources PubMed, Embase and Cochrane libraries up to 18 June 2022.Eligibility criteria for selecting studies We included trials studies, compared the results of different researchers on CESM in the diagnosis of breast cancer, and calculated the diagnostic value of CESM for breast cancer.Data extraction and synthesis Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 (QUADAS-2) evaluated the methodological quality of all the included studies. The study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses specification. In addition to sensitivity and specificity, other important parameters were explored in an analysis of CESM accuracy for breast cancer diagnosis. For overall accuracy estimation, summary receiver operating characteristic curves were calculated. STATA V.14.0 was used for all analyses.Results This meta-analysis included a total of 12 studies. According to the summary estimates for CESM in the diagnosis of breast cancer, the pooled sensitivity and specificity were 0.97 (95% CI 0.92 to 0.98) and 0.76 (95% CI 0.64 to 0.85), respectively. Positive likelihood ratio was 4.03 (95% CI 2.65 to 6.11), negative likelihood ratio was 0.05 (95% CI 0.02 to 0.09) and the diagnostic odds ratio was 89.49 (95% CI 45.78 to 174.92). Moreover, there was a 0.95 area under the curve.Conclusions The CESM has high sensitivity and good specificity when it comes to evaluating breast cancer, particularly in women with dense breasts. Thus, provide more information for clinical diagnosis and treatment.

● Cash crops and livestock production in Yangtze River Basin has grown rapidly.● The agricultural inputs discharge multiple pollutants loads on water bodies in the YRB.● Multiple pollutants impact on efficient utilization of nitrogen and phosphorus in agriculture.● An explicitly multi-pollutant approach accounting for interactions is need.The rapid increase in the proportion of cash crops and livestock production in the Yangtze River Basin has led to commensurate increases in fertilizer and pesticide inputs. Excessive application of chemical fertilizer, organophosphorus pesticides and inappropriate disposal of agricultural waste induced water pollution and potentially threaten Agriculture Green Development (AGD). To ensure food security and the food supply capacity of the Yangtze River Basin, it is important to balance green and development, while ensuring the quality of water bodies. Multiple pollutants affect the transfer, adsorption, photolysis and degradation of each other throughout the soil-plant-water system. This paper considers the impact of multi-pollutants on the nitrogen and phosphorus cycles especially for crops, which are related to achieving food security and AGD. It presents prospective on theory, modeling and multi-pollutant control in the Yangtze River Basin for AGD that are of potential value for other developing regions.

Abstract The applications of silica-based glass have evolved alongside human civilization for thousands of years. High-precision manufacturing of three-dimensional (3D) fused silica glass objects is required in various industries, ranging from everyday life to cutting-edge fields. Advanced 3D printing technologies have emerged as a potent tool for fabricating arbitrary glass objects with ultimate freedom and precision. Stereolithography and femtosecond laser direct writing respectively achieved their resolutions of ~50 μm and ~100 nm. However, fabricating glass structures with centimeter dimensions and sub-micron features remains challenging. Presented here, our study effectively bridges the gap through engineering suitable materials and utilizing one-photon micro-stereolithography (OμSL)-based 3D printing, which flexibly creates transparent and high-performance fused silica glass components with complex, 3D sub-micron architectures. Comprehensive characterizations confirm that the final material is stoichiometrically pure silica with high quality, defect-free morphology, and excellent optical properties. Homogeneous volumetric shrinkage further facilitates the smallest voxel, reducing the size from 2.0 × 2.0 × 1.0 μm3 to 0.8 × 0.8 × 0.5 μm3. This approach can be used to produce fused silica glass components with various 3D geometries featuring sub-micron details and millimetric dimensions. This showcases promising prospects in diverse fields, including micro-optics, microfluidics, mechanical metamaterials, and engineered surfaces.

Abstract Nasopharyngeal (NP) swab is one of the most effective sampling devices for clinical specimens. However, commercial NP swabs often release samples through diluents, lowering analyte concentration and causing inaccurate detections. Here, we developed 3D-printed open-cell microlattice NP swabs with user-friendly high-efficiency controlled sample release (CR) mode. Compared with traditional NP swabs, our microlattice NP swabs show higher (~7–11 times) flexibility, larger (~2.3 times) and customizable release volume, higher (dozens to thousands of times) release concentration, high recovery efficiency (~100%), and the ability to quantify analyte levels. Our microlattice NP swabs have been thus demonstrated to improve the sensitivity and accuracy of antibody detection experiments using rapid detection kits. This study offers a promising approach to enhance sensitivity and accuracy in clinical specimen detections, and is beneficial to inspire the design of a wider range of biomedical devices based on 3D-printed microlattice metamaterials.

It is highly desired yet challenging to develop advanced elastomers with excellent mechanical properties, including high strength and toughness. In this work, strong and tough rubber/rubber compound vulcanizates were facilely prepared by blending ethylene-propylene-methylene (EPM) and isoprene rubber (IR) together with dicumyl peroxide (DCP) and subsequent vulcanization, since both EPM and IR can be vulcanized synchronously by DCP and the well-crosslinked structure of EPM/IR vulcanizate presented a stable phase separation state. By tuning their composition, EPM/IR vulcanizates could present remarkably improved mechanical strength and toughness, as well as excellent energy dissipation and deformation recovery abilities. Furthermore, EPM/IR/SiO2 nanocomposites with better properties were prepared by introducing silica nanoparticles into EPM/IR vulcanizates. It was found that the high toughness and strength of EPM/IR vulcanizates and EPM/IR/SiO2 nanocomposites mainly resulted from the combination of stretchability of EPM and strain hardening of IR. Their excellent energy dissipation and deformation recovery abilities were related to the macromolecular characteristics of EPM and IR, compatibility between EPM and IR, and their crosslinking dynamics.

The etiology of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is significantly impacted by a variety of immune cells. Nevertheless, the existing techniques for sequencing peripheral blood T cell receptor (TCR) or B cell receptor (BCR) libraries in HFRS are constrained by both limitations and high costs. In this investigation, we utilized the computational tool TRUST4 to generate TCR and BCR libraries utilizing comprehensive RNA-seq data from peripheral blood specimens of HFRS patients. This facilitated the examination of clonality and diversity within immune libraries linked to the condition. Despite previous research on immune cell function, the underlying mechanisms remain intricate, and differential gene expression across immune cell types and cell-to-cell interactions within immune cell clusters have not been thoroughly explored. To address this gap, we performed clustering analysis on 11 cell subsets derived from raw single-cell RNA-seq data, elucidating characteristic changes in cell subset proportions under disease conditions. Additionally, we utilized CellChat, a tool for cell–cell communication analysis, to investigate the impact of MIF family, CD70 family, and GALECTIN family cytokines—known to be involved in cell communication—on immune cell subsets. Furthermore, hdWGCNA analysis identified core genes implicated in HFRS pathogenesis within T cells and B cells. Trajectory analysis revealed that most cell subsets were in a developmental stage, with high expression of transcription factors such as NFKB and JUN in Effector CD8+ T cells, as well as in Naive CD4+ T cells and Naive B cells. Our findings provide a comprehensive understanding of the dynamic changes in immune cells during HFRS pathogenesis, identifying specific V genes and J genes in TCR and BCR that contribute to advancing our knowledge of HFRS. These insights offer potential implications for the diagnosis and treatment of this autoimmune disease.

Milk thermal treatment, such as pasteurization, high-temperature short-time processing, and the emerging ultra-short-time processing (

The establishment and operation of cascade reservoirs in the mainstream of the upper and middle reaches of the Yangtze River have changed the river’s thermal regimes. This study analyzed the correlation between water temperature and its influencing factors and employed various evaluation indexes—including ∆T (the temperature-increasing index, °C/100 km), IEC (the extreme fluctuation index), IBD (the baseline deviation index), and IPO (the phase offset time index). The aim was to uncover the variation characteristics and influencing factors of water temperature and quantify the impact of cascade reservoir construction on annual and seasonal water temperature rhythms. Our findings show that the construction and operation of cascade reservoirs weaken the synchronization of water temperature and air temperature downstream. The construction and operation of cascade reservoirs in the middle and lower reaches of the Jinsha River led to obvious homogenization, baseline deviation, and lagging effects on water temperature downstream, which intensified with the increase in storage capacity. These effects were more pronounced in colder months compared to warmer months. Additionally, the influence of tributaries and water–air heat exchange on these effects is alleviated to different degrees. These results are significant for assessing river ecological health in the context of cascade hydropower development.

The neural processes underpinning cognition and language development in infancy are of great interest. We investigated EEG power and coherence in infancy, as a reflection of underlying cortical function of single brain region and cross-region connectivity, and their relations to cognition and early precursors of speech and language development. EEG recordings were longitudinally collected from 21 infants with typical development between approximately 1 and 7 months. We investigated relative band power at 3-6Hz and 6-9Hz and EEG coherence of these frequency ranges at 25 electrode pairs that cover key brain regions. A correlation analysis was performed to assess the relationship between EEG measurements across frequency bands and brain regions and raw Bayley cognitive and language developmental scores. In the first months of life, relative band power is not correlated with cognitive and language scales. However, 3-6Hz coherence is negatively correlated with receptive language scores between frontoparietal regions, and 6-9Hz coherence is negatively correlated with expressive language scores between frontoparietal regions. The results from this preliminary study contribute to the existing literature on the relationship between electrophysiological development, cognition, and early speech precursors in this age group. Future work should create norm references of early development in these domains that can be compared with infants at risk for neurodevelopmental disabilities.

Probiotics have garnered increasing attention as a potential therapeutic approach for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Previous studies have confirmed that Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis MN-Gup (MN-Gup) could stimulate the secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in NCI-H716 cells, but whether MN-Gup has a hypoglycemic effect on T2DM in vivo remains unclear. In this study, a T2DM mouse model was constructed, with a high-fat diet and streptozotocin in mice, to investigate the effect of MN-Gup on diabetes. Then, different doses of MN-Gup (2 × 109 CFU/kg, 1 × 1010 CFU/kg) were gavaged for 6 weeks to investigate the effect of MN-Gup on glucose metabolism and its potential mechanisms. The results showed that a high-dose of MN-Gup significantly reduced the fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) of T2DM mice compared to the other groups. In addition, there were significant increases in the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), especially acetate, and GLP-1 levels in the MN-Gup group. MN-Gup increased the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium and decreased the number of Escherichia-Shigella and Staphylococcus. Moreover, the correlation analysis revealed that Bifidobacterium demonstrated a significant positive correlation with GLP-1 and a negative correlation with the incremental AUC. In summary, this study demonstrates that Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis MN-Gup has significant hypoglycemic effects in T2DM mice and can modulate the gut microbiota, promoting the secretion of SCFAs and GLP-1.

The analgesic efficacy of acupuncture has been widely recognized. However, the mechanism by which manual acupuncture-generated mechanical stimuli translate into biological signals remains unclear. This study employed a CFA-induced inflammatory pain rat model. Acupuncture intervention was then performed following standardized procedures. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) assessed inflammatory cytokines levels, while immunofluorescence and qRT-PCR screened the level of p38 and F-actin expression in the ST36 acupoint area of rats. Results indicated increased inflammatory factors, including IL-1β and TNFα, with reduced paw withdrawal mechanical threshold (PWMT) and paw withdrawal thermal latency (PWTL) in CFA rats compared to unmodeled rats. After acupuncture intervention, the heightened expression level of F-actin and p38 mRNA and the phosphorylation of p38 in the acupoint area was observed alongside decreased inflammatory factors in diseased ankle joints. The application of lifting and thrusting manipulations further enhanced the effect of acupuncture, in which the molecular expression level of muscle and connective tissue increased most significantly, indicating that these two tissues play a major role in the transformation of acupuncture stimulation. Moreover, antagonizing p38 expression hindered acupuncture efficacy, supporting the hypothesis that p38 MAPK-mediated F-actin transduces mechanical signals generated by acupuncture and related manipulation into biological signals.

Abstract Flexible carbon fiber cloth (CFC) is an important scaffold and/or current collector for active materials in the development of flexible self‐supportive electrode materials (SSEMs), especially in lithium‐ion batteries. However, during the intercalation of Li ions into the matrix of CFC (below 0.5 V vs. Li/Li+), the incompatibility in the capacity of the CFC, when used directly as an anode material or as a current collector for active materials, leads to difficulty in the estimation of its actual contribution. To address this issue, we prepared Ni5P4 nanosheets on CFC (denoted CFC@Ni5P4) and investigated the contribution of CFC in the CFC@Ni5P4 by comparing to the powder Ni5P4 nanosheets traditionally coated on a copper foil (CuF) (denoted P‐Ni5P4). At a current density of 0.4 mA cm−2, the as‐prepared CFC@Ni5P4 showed an areal capacity of 7.38 mAh cm−2, which is significantly higher than that of the P‐Ni5P4 electrode. More importantly, theoretical studies revealed that the CFC has a high Li adsorption energy that contributes to the low Li‐ion diffusion energy barrier of the Ni5P4 due to the strong interaction between the CFC and Ni5P4, leading to the superior Li‐ion storage performance of the CFC@Ni5P4 over the pristine Ni5P4 sample. This present work unveils the underlying mechanism leading to the achievement of high performance in SSEMs.

In order to improve the corrosion resistance of AZ31 magnesium alloy, a chemical conversion coating was prepared on the surface of AZ31 magnesium alloy by adding an appropriate amount of rare earth oxide (ie, cerium oxide and lanthanum oxide respectively) in an ultrasonic environment. Through the hydrogen evolution experiment, it was found that the AZ31 magnesium alloy chemical conversion coating sample added with cerium oxide had the lowest hydrogen evolution, indicating that its corrosion resistance was optimal. Through the corrosion morphology observation by SEM, it was found that the surface of the chemical conversion coating sample added with cerium oxide was relatively smooth and flat after immersion, indicating that this coating could protect the magnesium alloy substrate well. From the results of polarization curve experiment, it was found that the corrosion potential of the conversion coating sample added with cerium oxide moved positively in comparison with the original magnesium alloy, and its corrosion current density was lower than that of the original alloy. Therefore, the corrosion resistance of AZ31 magnesium alloy could be improved by the chemical conversion coating formed by adding cerium oxide under ultrasonic environment.

Aiming at improving the corrosion resistance of AZ31 magnesium alloy in 3.5% (mass fraction) NaCl solution, the effects of CeO2 concentration and ultrasonic and non - ultrasonic assisted processes on chemical conversion film of AZ31 magnesium alloy prepared in the mixed bath of 0.300 mol/L Na2MoO4+0.120 mol/L NaF +0.050 mol/L Na3PO4+0.075 mol/L K2FeO4 were studied. In addition, the influence of the chemical conversion film on the corrosion resistance of AZ31 magnesium alloy was also studied. Results showed that in the case of ultrasonic assisted process, when the coating was prepared with an addition of 0.050 mol/L CeO2 in the mixed bath, the corrosion potential of magnesium alloy shifted to be more positive and the corrosion current density decreased significantly. After 96 h immersion in 3.5% NaCl solution, the surface of magnesium alloy was still relatively smooth without obvious cracks, indicating that the magnesium alloy substrate was effectively protected.

Abstract Background Acoustic conditions in the operating room have different impacts on surgeon’s performance. Their effects on the performance of surgical teams are not well documented. We investigated if laparoscopic teams operating under pleasant acoustic conditions would perform better than under noisy conditions. Methods We recruited 114 surgical residents and built 57 two-person teams. Each team was required to perform two laparoscopic tasks (object transportation and collaborative suturing) on a simulation training box under music, neutral, and noisy acoustic conditions. Data were extracted from video recordings of each performance for analysis. Task performance was measured by the duration of time to complete a task and the total number of errors, and objective performance scores. The measures were compared over the three acoustic conditions. Results A music environment elicited higher performance scores than a noisy environment for both the object transportation (performance score: 66.3 ± 8.6 vs. 57.6 ± 11.2; p

The corrosion rate prediction models about CO2 corrosion and CO2/H2S coexistence system were summarized, and the modeling ideas, factors considered, limitations of various models were expounded. CO2 corrosion prediction models were improved constantly. Flow state, corrosion product film, material and other complex factors were gradually contained in the calculation models. Some relatively mature theoretical achievements were obtained based on the semiempirical models, empirical models and mechanism models. However, less factors were contained in prediction models of CO2/H2S coexistence system at present, and the modeling methods were mainly established by empirical or semiempirical methods. On the one hand, the prediction models were not combined tightly with production on site. On the other hand, corrosion mechanism needed to be applied further to the study of prediction models.

Shaanxi is a leading province in animal husbandry (AH) in China. However, the lack of provincial information on the characteristics and utilization potential of livestock manure (LM) hinders crucial management decisions. Therefore, we investigated the spatiotemporal distribution, availability and biogas potential of LM in Shaanxi, and examine the carbon emission reduction potential of AH. There has been a 1.26-fold increase in LM quantities in Shaanxi over the past 35 years, reaching 4635.6 x 104 t by 2021. LM was mainly concentrated in northern Shaanxi and the eastern part of Hanzhong. Cattle and pig manure were the primary sources of LM, with the average LM land-load of 14.57 t·ha-1 in 2021. While the overall AH in Shaanxi has not exceeded the environmental capacity, the actual scales of AH in Ankang and Hanzhong have already surpassed the respective environmental capacities, posing a higher risk of N and P pollutions. In 2021, the estimated biogas energy potential of LM was 1.2 x 1011 MJ. From 2012 to 2021, the average carbon emission reduction potential in Shaanxi was 22%, with an average potential scale of 10%. The results of this research provide valuable data and policy recommendations for promoting the intensive use of LM and reducing carbon emissions in Shaanxi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Autologous bone marrow mononuclear cell (BMMNC) transplantation has been widely studied in recent years. The fresh cell cocktail in BMMNCs, without going through the in vitro culture process, helps to establish a stable microenvironment for osteogenesis, and each cell type may play a unique role in bone regeneration. Our study compared the efficacy of concentrated fresh BMMNCs and cultured bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in Beagle dogs for the first time. Fifteen‐millimeter segmental bone defects were created in the animals' tibia bones. In BMMNCs group, the defects were repaired with concentrated fresh BMMNCs combined with β‐TCP (n = 5); in cultured BMSC group, with in vitro cultured and osteo‐induced BMSCs combined with β‐TCP (n = 5); in scaffold‐only group, with a β‐TCP graft alone (n = 5); and in blank group, nothing was grafted (n = 3). The healing process was monitored by X‐rays and single photon emission computed tomography. The animals were sacrificed 12 months after surgery and their tibias were harvested and analyzed by microcomputed tomography and hard tissue histology. Moreover, the microstructure, chemical components, and microbiomechanical properties of the regenerated bone tissue were explored by multiphoton microscopy, Raman spectroscopy and nanoindentation. The results showed that BMMNCs group promoted much more bone regeneration than cultured BMSC group. The grafts in BMMNCs group were better mineralized, and they had collagen arrangement and microbiomechanical properties similar to the contralateral native tibia bone. These results indicate that concentrated fresh bone marrow mononuclear cells may be superior to in vitro expanded stem cells in segmental bone defect repair.