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Serum protein electrophoresis (SPEP) is a method by which proteins present in serum are separated into different fractions based on their molecular weight and electric charge. Presence of M spike, composed of monoclonal protein, on electrophoretogram is a characteristic finding that can be seen in monoclonal gammopathies like multiple myeloma. M spike is most commonly seen in the gamma region however, the M-spike can be observed in fraction other than the Y fraction as well i.e. in the beta region and rarely alpha region. Here we have enumerated few cases where M protein has been seen in fractions other than the gamma region. Thus one needs to be cautious about the variable appearance of M-spike during interpretation of SPEP as some physiological proteins if elevated can also give rise to similar spike sometimes referred as pseudo monoclonal pattern.

Menstruation is a normal physiological process when it is accompanied by pain is called Dysmenorrhea. It is one of the commonest gynaecological complaints. Dysmenorrhea is painful menstruation, which is the pratyatma lax- ana of Udavartini yoni vyapad i.e., spasmodic dysmenorrhea. It is a common cause of distress in women. Here the main reason for pain is the vitiation of vata dosha (apana vata), viloma/pratiloma gati leading to vedna yukta artava munchan and to manage this pratiloma vata, one needs to use drugs that have anulomana properties and vedna samak. Kumarika vati is used as vedana shamaka aushadha to give symptomatic relief. Hence the topic was selected for the study. Objectives: To compare the effect of Kumarika Vati with Mefenamic Acid in the man- agement of Udavartini Yonivyapad (Spasmodic Dysmenorrhea). Materials & Methods: 20 patients of Group A were treated with Kumarika Vati, a dose of 250mg BD 5 days before menstruation & 5 days during menstruation. 20 patients of Group B were treated with a Mefenamic Acid dose of 250mg BD for 3 days during menstruation. Result: The data of both groups were collected according to the objective and subjective parameters and analyzed using the most appropriate statistical test (repeated measures of ANOVA test and Mann –Whitney U test). The efficacy is statically significant within the group at P0.05 among all the parameters. Interpretation and Conclusion: On comparison of Kumarika Vati with Mefenamic acid both have equal effectiveness in relieving the pain intensity, pain duration, site of pain, nature of pain and associated complaints. Keywords: Udavartini Yoni Vyapad, Dysmenorrhea, Kumarika Vati, Mefenamic Acid.

The present study removal of toxic heavy metal Cr (VI) ion on bentonite clay from aqueous solution under different experimental conditions and also study sorption capacity are effect different pH, concentration, temperature and contact time of shaking.My study focused on use of bentonite clay as a best adsorbent for the removal of toxic heavy metal Cr (VI) ions from aqueous solution. Initial metal ions concentration increases 50 to 250mgL-1 the % removal Cr (VI) ion decreases from 66.64 % to 53.94 % but amount of sorption increases from 0.833 to 3.371mgg-1, The particle size of bentonite clay increase from 45 to 150μ by amount of adsorption of Cr (VI) decreasing from1.589 mgg-1 to 1.153mgg-1 , pH increasing from 2.0 to 10.0 the amount of sorption decrease from 2.018 to 1.161 mgg-1, temperature increasing from 303K to 313K adsorption is also increases from 1.589 to 1.822mgg-1. Kinetic study for value of rate constant k1 and k2 is favour concentration increases the amounts of the metals sorbent qcal also increases. Q and kf sorption capacity related to Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm constant. Value of both is favour sorption is temperature dependent. Thermodynamic study the value of ΔG0 increase -1.402 to -2.655it is best evidence temperature increases from 303K to 323K the adsorption of Cr (VI) ion increases because value of ΔG0 is negative favour the adsorption. My investigation best evidence the value of kinetic, equilibrium and thermodynamic parameter also favours the Sorption of Cr (VI) ion on bentonite clay from aqueous solution.

SummaryBrassica carinata(BBCC) commonly referred to as Ethiopian mustard is a natural allotetraploid containing the genomes ofBrassica nigra(BB) andBrassica oleracea(CC). It is an oilseed crop endemic to the Northeastern regions of Africa. Although it is grown in a limited manner,B. carinatais of value as it is resistant/highly tolerant to most of the pathogens affecting cultivated Brassica species of the U’s triangle that are grown worldwide as oilseed and vegetable crops. We report a chromosome-scale genome assembly ofB. carinataaccession HC20 using long-read Oxford Nanopore and Illumina sequencing and BioNano optical maps. The assembly has a scaffold N50 of ~39.8 Mb and covers ~1.11 Gb of the genome. We compared the available long-read genome assemblies of the six species of the U’s triangle and found a highly conserved gene number and collinearity suggesting thatB. juncea(AABB),B. napus(AACC), andB. carinataare strict allopolyploids. We cataloged the nucleotide-binding and leucine-rich repeat immune receptor (NLR) repertoire ofB. carinataresulting in the identification of 465 NLRs. We investigated the extent and nature of early generation genomic interactions between the subgenomes ofB. carinataandB. junceain interspecific crosses between the two species. We found that C chromosome additions are well tolerated, with homoeologous exchanges occurring between the A and C genomes. Based on the genomic interactions, we propose strategies to utilize the interspecific crosses for transferring disease resistance fromB. carinatatoB. junceaand other Brassica species.

Background and objectiveMultiple studies have demonstrated the medical potency of plant extracts and specific phytochemicals as therapeutics for prostate cancer (PCa) patients. Of note, the Neem plant known for its role as an antibiotic and anti-inflammatory is underexplored with an untapped potential for further development. This review focuses on extracts and phytochemicals derived from the Neem tree (Latin name; Azadirachta indica), commonly used throughout Southeast Asia for the prevention and treatment of a wide array of diseases including cancer. To date, there are more than 130 biologically active compounds that have been isolated from the Neem tree including azadirachtin, nimbolinin, nimbin, nimbidin, nimbidol, which have demonstrated a wide range of biological activities including anti-microbial, anti-fertility, anti-inflammatory, anti-arthritic, hepatoprotective, anti-diabetic, anti-ulcer, and anti-cancer effects. Very few scientific reports focus on the benefits of Neem in PCa, even though this herb has been used to prevent the disease and its progression for years in complementary and alternative medicine.MethodsWe used the search engines like PubMed, InCommon and Google using the key words: "Neem", "Cancer", "Prostate Cancer" and related words to find the information and data within the time frame from 1980-2022 for our article study.Key content and findingsHere, we provide an overview of Neem extracts and phytochemical derivatives with a focus on their known potential and ability to inhibit specific cellular signaling pathways and processes which drive PCa incidence and progression.ConclusionsThe information presented here indicate that Neem and its derivatives have a therapeutic potential for the treatment of PCa when used as a single agent or in combination with conventional chemotherapeutics.

We describe the use of chest wall perforator flap (CWPF) to reconstruct the central mound of breast tissue in women presenting with central/retro areolar breast cancer. We describe the results of seven patients (median age, 59 years) with a median follow-up of 9 months. We were able to conserve the breast in all except one woman who was found to have extensive DCIS. Two patients were taken back to theatre, one for a washout of infected seroma and second for a wound debridement. There was no flap loss or donor site complications in our series. We were able to conserve the breast, maintain aesthetic contour of the central mound along with projection and achieve excellent cosmetic outcome for our patients. Partial breast reconstruction using CWPF provides an oncologically safe and cosmetically superior alternative in selected women with breast cancer needing central wide local excision.

Sclerotinia Stem Rot (SSR) caused by the oxalic acid (OA)-secreting necrotrophic fungal pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, causes significant yields losses in the crop Brassica sps. Oxalate oxidase (OxO) can metabolize OA to CO2 and H2O2. Degradation of OA during the early phase of fungal-host interaction can interfere with the fungal infection and establishment processes. The present study demonstrates the potential of barley oxalate oxidase (BOxO) gene in conferring stable resistance against stem rot in a productive and highly susceptible Brassica juncea cv Varuna under field conditions. Four stable, independent, single-copy transgenic lines (B16, B17, B18, and B53) exhibited a significant reduction in the rate of lesion expansion i.e. 11-26%, 39-47%, and 24-35% reproducibly over the three-generation i.e. T2, T3, and T4 respectively. The enhanced resistance in the transgenic lines correlated with high OxO activity, accumulation of higher levels of H2O2, and robust activation of defense responsive genes upon infection by S. sclerotiorum.

Nephrectomy is the reference-standard treatment for renal-cell carcinoma (RCC). For patients with unresectable disease, tumor may be shrunk by using chemotherapy, thereby permitting surgical resection, which can be curative. We provided neoadjuvant cabozantinib, the preferred tyrosine kinase inhibitor for advanced RCC of poor and intermediate risk, to two patients with initially unresectable RCCs. In both patients, this led to tumor shrinkage of > 50% after 4 months of therapy, which permitted surgical resection. Both tumor specimens also showed strong pathologic tumor response. The robust responses observed with cabozantinib, even at reduced doses, suggest it to be an effective neoadjuvant option in RCC. Our novel experience with neoadjuvant cabozantinib, combined with our review of the use of cabozantinib in RCC, indicates that providing preoperative cabozantinib to facilitate potentially curative surgical resection has good results and should be further explored.

In this paper, we investigate the properties of A-nuclei and [Formula: see text]-A-nuclei of a quasigroup including connections between components of [Formula: see text]-A-nuclei and local identity elements. To make the study easier, we give the explicit structure of [Formula: see text]-A-nuclei of a loop, a unipotent left loop and a unipotent right loop in terms of translation maps. We also find the left, right and middle A-nuclei of a quasigroup which is an isostrophic image of a loop in terms of translation maps.

Following a review of the literature, it has been found that participants of individual and team games exhibit various psychological characteristics. As a result, the researcher decided to compare the mental toughness of players in individual games and team games. The "independent sample t test" was used to determine the signicant differences between Individual Game and Team Game players and to test the hypotheses. The level of signicance was set at 0.05. Descriptive statistics were used to characterstic the Mental Toughness between Individual Game and Team Game Players. Using the purposeful sampling technique, 60 players who had represented LNIPE Gwalior and are between the ages of 18 and 25 were selected for the current study. Each of the two games, Individual Game and Team Game, had 30 players. The Dr. Goldberg Sports Psychological Inventory, developed in 1998, was used to examine the ve characteristics of mental toughness: reboundability, pressure handling, concentration, condence, and motivation. According to the study's ndings, team game players had a higher level of mental toughness than individual game players, with individual game players showing a substantial difference in mental toughness. The three mental toughness traits of handling pressure, concentration and condence, showed a substantial difference between Individual Game and Team Game participants, with Team Game players scoring higher in both. There was one trait where Individual Game Players scored higher than Team Game Players, namely reboundability, but this difference was not statistically signicant and motivation is same in team players and individual players. In individual sports, there is only one conceivable result—winning or losing—and there is never a tie, but in team sports, all three outcomes are possible, so there is less pressure on the Team Game players. As a result, we can infer that Team Game players are better at handling pressure. We can conclude by saying that because Team Game players performed well on most measures of mental toughness and because Team Game environments have a positive impact on people's mental toughness, it is clear from this study that Team Game players have higher mental toughness levels.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has had a wide-ranging public health impact, contributing to at least 5 million deaths globally at the time of this report. Although thromboembolic events following COVID-19 vaccination have been an ongoing concern, only a limited number of ophthalmic manifestations have been reported to date.We obtained a detailed history, hypercoagulable workup, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), Humphrey visual field (HVF), dilated fundus exam (DFE), and multimodal imaging including optical coherence tomography (OCT), fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA), and fundus photography.A 27-year-old female was diagnosed with central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) a few days after her first dose of the BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) COVID-19 vaccine. Detailed elicitation of her history and a full hypercoagulable workup did not reveal any primary risk factors that could have explained her disease process. After the patient received the second dose, her symptoms deteriorated significantly and worsening peripapillary hemorrhage were seen on DFE. The patient was treated with intravitreal injections of ranibizumab and followed closely, which showed improvement of her CRVO.Given the chronology of the patient's condition, we believe that the CRVO which occurred due to the first dose was exacerbated by an intense immunological reaction after the second dose. The severity of this complication, despite its rarity, must be emphasized and weighed in but should not preclude the extensive benefits of vaccination.

Multiple studies have demonstrated the medical potency of plant extracts and specific phytochemicals as therapeutics for prostate cancer (PCa) patients. Of note, the Neem plant known for its role as an antibiotic and anti-inflammatory is underexplored with an untapped potential for further development. This review focuses on extracts and phytochemicals derived from the Neem tree (Latin name;We used the search engines like PubMed, InCommon and Google using the key words: "Neem", "Cancer", "Prostate Cancer" and related words to find the information and data within the time frame from 1980-2022 for our article study.Here, we provide an overview of Neem extracts and phytochemical derivatives with a focus on their known potential and ability to inhibit specific cellular signaling pathways and processes which drive PCa incidence and progression.The information presented here indicate that Neem and its derivatives have a therapeutic potential for the treatment of PCa when used as a single agent or in combination with conventional chemotherapeutics.

In this paper, we investigate the properties of [Formula: see text]-A-nuclei of a quasigroup including relations between them and relations between their respective component sets, where [Formula: see text]. We also find connections between components of [Formula: see text]-A-nuclei of a quasigroup and components of [Formula: see text]-A-nuclei of the isostrophic images. Further, we investigate the properties of various inverse quasigroups using the derived connections. These properties will not only make the study of [Formula: see text]-A-nuclei of a quasigroup simple but also reduce the time required in the computation of [Formula: see text]-A-nuclei of a quasigroup for different values of [Formula: see text].

Medicinal plants used in Indian system from the keladevi sanctuary have been surveyed and catagoried system- atically. The paper deals with many medicinal plants, along with their important traditional uses for the cure of various ailments.

TPS401 Background: Many men with localized prostate cancer will experience recurrence and progression after radical prostatectomy. While radiation therapy for high-risk prostate cancer is routinely given with systemic androgen therapy, peri-operative systemic therapy is not part of the standard of care with prostatectomy. Defective DNA repair pathways represent a non-hormonal target for PARP inhibitors which have proven efficacy in the metastatic, castrate resistant setting. We designed a novel biomarker driven neoadjuvant trial with niraparib prior to prostatectomy for men with clinically localized high risk prostate cancer and alterations in DNA repair genes (NCT04030559). Methods: We instituted a phase II trial for men with NCCN high and very high-risk prostate cancer. All men who met inclusion by clinical variables underwent targeted genomic sequencing for somatic and/or germline alterations in genes involved in DNA repair pathways. Enrolled patients are treated with oral Niraparib 300mg/day for 90 days before surgery. The primary endpoint is pathologic response at prostatectomy defined as complete response or minimal residual disease (3) of histological viable cancer. The secondary endpoint is biochemical free survival as well as molecular endpoints including disease responses stratified by mutational status. We have screened 37 men and 10 have met genomic criteria. We have enrolled 8 out of planned 30 men to date, 7 have undergone prostatectomy. Enrolled men have alterations in BRCA2 (germline), MSH6, ZMYM3, MUTYH, ATM, CDK12, ERCC3 and KMT2c. Clinical trial information: NCT04030559 .

Background:Infertility is a life crisis affecting patients from all around the world. It is a disease of the reproductive system dened by the failure to achieve a clinical pregnancy after 12 months or more of regular unprotected sexual intercourse. Worldwide, its prevalence is approximately 8-12%. Aim:To determine the causes and clinical pattern of infertility in couples based on clinical and laboratory nding Methods: It was hospital based observational study carried out in the department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of Katihar Medical College and Hospital, from Feb 2019 to Jan 2020. 300 women were selected for the study with the diagnosis of infertility and 36 of them were lost to follow up so 264 women were enrolled in the study Result: Out of 300 women, 264 had all the data and they participated in the study. Maximum women (50%) were in age group 20-29 yrs. The median duration of marriage was 5 yrs. Primary infertility was in 70% women and 30% women presented with secondary infertility. Female factor was found in 48.1% cases, 15.2% cases had only male factor, 28% having both male and female factor whereas 8.7% cases were with unexplained infertility. Features of polycystic ovaries and ovulatory dysfunction were found in 14.4% women. Adnexal pathology was seen in 10% cases, uterine broid detected in 10.6% cases and uterine anomalies were found in 1.5% cases. High level of TSH (TSH≥4) were found in 32 (12.1%) women and 14 women (5.3%) diagnosed with hyperprolactinemia (≥25ng/ml). Approx. 3.4% women were found to have high level of FSH≥10, whereas LH was raised in 2.3% cases. 14.4% male had abnormal semen parameters. Common abnormalities were azoospermia 6% and oligozoospermia in 3.8% and asthenospermia in 4.5% cases. Conclusion: Primary infertility cases are more common with female factor predominance over male factor. Ovulatory dysfunction, tubal pathology, hormonal imbalance and abnormal semen parameters were main contributing factor for infertility. Male and female both factors are responsible for infertility. So, both partners should be counselled and investigated properly.

BACKGROUND Eclampsia is an acute and life-threatening obstetric emergency associated with significant maternal and foetal morbidity and mortality. The aim of the study is to evaluate the incidence, management, perinatal and maternal morbidity and mortality in eclampsia patients. METHODS This is a retrospective study conducted over a period of two years from January 2017 to December 2019 at a tertiary care hospital. Details and data obtained from the records were analysed. Out of 14594 deliveries conducted at the hospital, 300 cases of eclampsia were selected. All pregnant women presenting with antepartum, intrapartum and postpartum eclampsia were included in the study. Patients with diabetes mellitus and other chronic medical diseases were excluded. RESULTS The incidence of eclampsia in our study was 2.06%. Majority of patients were in the age group of 21 to 25 years (60.6%). Among 300 patients, 57% patients were primigravidae, 43% patients were multigravidae, 80% patients presented with antepartum eclampsia, 5% with intrapartum eclampsia and 15% with postpartum eclampsia. The commonest mode of delivery was caesarean section in 84.3% patients. The perinatal mortality was 6.3% and maternal mortality was 1.6%. MgSO4 was used for treating convulsions. No complications were noted in 242 (80.6%) patients, while 18 (6%) had HELLP syndrome, 5 (1.6%) had acute renal failure, 5 (1.6%) had pulmonary oedema, 4 (1.3%) had DIC and 5 (1.6%) deaths occurred. Apgar score of 7 to 10 was noted in 198 (66%) babies and 211 (70.3%) were preterm. There were 16 (5.3%) IUD and 3 (1%) still births. CONCLUSIONS Eclampsia is a prime aetiological factor for maternal and foetal morbidity and mortality. However, with early recognition, an improvement in antenatal care, upgrading the neonatal facilities and early delivery by caesarean section can improve the perinatal outcome. Low dose MgSO4 is effective in controlling convulsions in eclampsia.

Introduction: Endothelial lipase is a phospholipase A1 with preference for HDL phospholipids. Previous studies suggest role of EL in negatively regulating HDL-C levels consequently increasing cardiovascular risk. Various factors modulate EL levels and LIPG single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) is one such factor. LIPG SNP 584C/T is a relatively more prevalent SNP, but its role remains unclear till now wa rranting further investigation. Materials and Methods: We conducted a case control study recruiting 160 subjects. The case group included 120 subjects divided into three groups of 40 each, namely myocardial infarction (MI), unstable angina (USA) and stable angina (SA) group. The control group also comprised of 40 subjects. Serum levels of EL and hs-CRP were estimated using ELISA while lipid profile parameters (HDL-C, LDL-C, TAG and total cholesterol) were measured by enzymatic methods on AU-400 autoanalyzer. LIPG 584C/T SNP was studied by DNA extraction from whole blood followed by RFLP-PCR. Results: EL levels were higher in cases than controls (p value=0.004). Negative correlation was observed between EL and HDL-C levels (r= -0.384; p value evaluate effect of EL on CHD gave an Odd’s ratio of 1.017 (p value=0.039). No significant difference was seen in genotypic distribution between cases and controls. Also HDL-C levels did not differ significantly in the different genotypic groups. Conclusion: Though endothelial lipase levels negatively correlate with serum HDL-C levels, the strength of association between raised EL levels and presence of CHD is weak. Also no significant association was seen between CHD and LIPG 584C/T SNP. Keywords: Endothelial lipase, HDL-C, Coronary heart disease, LIPG 584C/T.