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Here, we describe two cases of retained products of conception (RPOC) that were successfully managed with hysteroscopic resection after laparoscopic temporary uterine artery ligation. Both patients were diagnosed with RPOC after early miscarriages. Case 1 was urgently admitted due to massive bleeding and underwent surgery following a blood transfusion. After laparoscopic temporary bilateral uterine artery ligation, the mass was hysteroscopically removed, and the ligation was subsequently released. The patient subsequently achieved an ongoing pregnancy. Case 2 underwent semi-emergency surgery due to intermittent bleeding. Initially, hysteroscopic surgery was planned. However, bleeding resulted in poor visualization of the operative field, and laparoscopic surgery was performed. In many previous reports of RPOC with heavy bleeding, uterine artery embolization was performed. However, there are concerns regarding the effect of a long-term reduction in uterine blood flow on fertility. Our method is not expected to decrease fertility because the ischemic effect is very short.

Objective: For selecting minimally invasive surgery (i.e. laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy) for treating ovarian tumours (OTs) in premenopausal patients, the pre-operative differentiation of benign ovarian tumours (Be-OTs) based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) interpretation is important. This paper describes the authors’ 8-year experience of approximately 1000 OT cases, and provides information about a diagnostic algorithm to help other hospitals. Study design: The medical records of 901 patients aged

Abstract Background The use of total laparoscopic hysterectomy is increasing. However, as with conventional abdominal hysterectomy, vaginal bacteria-related postoperative complications need to be managed in total laparoscopic hysterectomy. Therefore, we started to combine metronidazole vaginal tablets with intravenous administration of cephem antibiotics immediately before starting surgery to reduce complications. To evaluate the effect of this combination, and to determine the risk factors for these complications, we retrospectively collected medical records from our hospital and performed a multivariate analysis. Methods We reviewed the medical records of 520 patients who underwent total laparoscopic hysterectomy from 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2021. Among these cases, we identified 16 cases as having vaginal bacteria-related postoperative complications, defined as needing more than one additional day for treatment of postoperative complications, namely postoperative infection (10 cases) and vaginal dehiscence (6 cases). First, we evaluate the effect of metronidazole vaginal tablets by dividing the patients into two groups according to whether metronidazole vaginal tablets were used, and comparing the vaginal bacteria-related postoperative complication rates and other indices. Second, we performed a multivariate logistic regression analysis to assess the influence of each of 17 representative factors, including patient characteristics and symptoms, uterus and leiomyoma sizes, concomitant procedures such as laparoscopic cystectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy, and others. Results In the multivariate analysis of the 520 cases, we confirmed that the use of metronidazole vaginal tablets could reduce the vaginal bacteria-related postoperative complications rate by more than half (odds ratio, 0.36). In addition to metronidazole vaginal tablets use, concomitant laparoscopic cystectomy and blood transfusion were associated with significant increases in the vaginal bacteria-related postoperative complication rate. Conclusions The effect of the addition of metronidazole vaginal tablets to pre- and postsurgical treatment on the reduction of vaginal bacteria-related postoperative complications was confirmed. This easy, safe, and low-cost method may improve the management of total laparoscopic hysterectomy.

Abstract Background Acute puerperal uterine inversion is rare but may cause massive postpartum blood loss due to uterine atony. Therefore, these patients must be diagnosed, and uterine replacement must be performed as soon as possible. However, in some cases, active bleeding due to uterine atony becomes uncontrollable, even though the uterine inversion itself is treated. In these cases, additional treatments, including surgical procedures, are needed. Case presentation A 41-year-old Japanese woman, gravida 1, para 0, was hospitalized for labor induction at 40 weeks and 3 days of gestational age. She had a vacuum-assisted delivery after 3 days of oxytocin administration, but acute uterine inversion occurred. Although replacement of the inverted uterus was successful by manual repositioning and Bakri balloon tamponade insertion, massive postpartum hemorrhage caused by uterine atony became uncontrollable. In this situation, since disseminated intravascular coagulation had developed, we used uterine artery embolization to stop the bleeding. After detecting the pseudo-aneurysmal sac and tortuous vessels of the right uterine artery, transcatheter right-sided uterine artery embolization was performed. Thirteen days after uterine artery embolization, she was discharged with no complications. Conclusions In cases of disseminated intravascular coagulation caused by massive postpartum bleeding, uterine artery embolization may often be selected. In our case, since we performed angiography to detect the main bleeding site, the hemorrhage could be stopped with unilateral uterine artery embolization alone, without hysterectomy.

Pregnancy in a noncommunicating rudimentary horn is extremely rare but can cause serious clinical complications, such as uterine rupture. The standard treatment is excision of the rudimentary horn, and recently, in some cases, laparoscopic resection has been performed in the first trimester of gestation. Herein, we present a case of noncommunicating rudimentary horn pregnancy (NCRHP), which was diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging at 6 weeks of gestation and treated by laparoscopic surgery. However, we have also found some rare cases in which patients could obtain live newborn babies. Since management is affected by the different levels of obstetric medical care and diagnostic tools, we also performed a review and analysis of NCRHP. A PubMed search yielded 103 cases reported in the English literature. Correct diagnosis and laparoscopic treatment were achieved more frequently in developed countries, especially in the first trimester of gestation. On the other hand, symptoms, including abdominal pain and hypovolemic shock, tended to occur in the second trimester of gestation. This period was also found to be a risk factor for uterine rupture. Among 18 patients at the third trimester of gestation, 13 obtained live neonatal infants. Therefore, detailed information about this disease is crucial for proper treatments.

Abstract Background The presence of uterine endometrial polyps is associated with not only abnormal uterine bleeding but also infertility, so the use of hysteroscopic polypectomy has been increasing. This operation is considered to increase cost-effectiveness when performed prior to infertility treatments. However, there are typical problems to consider, including the possibility of spontaneous regression of the polyp and the duration of complete endometrial wound healing after surgery. Meaningless interventions must be avoided, when possible. Therefore, data acquisition and analysis of various findings obtained from surgery have become important for improving treatment procedures and patient selection. To estimate the spontaneous regression rates and contributions of multiple factors to uterine endometrial polyps during the waiting period (approximately 2–3 months) before hysteroscopic polypectomy, we performed a multivariate analysis of data from the records in our hospital. Methods The medical records of 450 cases from September 2014 to April 2021 in our hospital were retrospectively reviewed under the approval of our Institutional Review Board. We included all cases of hysteroscopic polypectomy with postoperative pathological diagnosis. We defined cases as having a “spontaneously regressed polyp” when the target polyp was not detected by postoperative pathological examination. We extracted data on the following ten factors: “Advanced age” (≥ 42 years), “Small polyp” (

Background: The use of laparoscopic salpingostomy to treat tubal ectopic pregnancy (TEP) is increasing due to patient preference for subsequent spontaneous pregnancy. However, the incidence of persistent trophoblasts (PT) ranges from 5–29%, although PT rarely occurs after laparoscopic salpingectomy. For this reason, the selection of laparoscopic salpingostomy should be performed carefully. Here, we aimed to identify the risk factors for PT, focusing on serum hCG levels. Methods: We reviewed the medical records of 128 patients who underwent laparoscopic surgeries for TEP, including 62 with laparoscopic salpingostomy and 66 with laparoscopic salpingectomy. Among these cases, we identified 13 with PT detected during the postoperative follow-up period. We performed a multivariate logistic regression analysis to assess the influence of each representative factor, particularly serum hCG levels, on the occurrence of PT. We first performed this analysis for 62 cases with laparoscopic salpingostomy and then for all 128 cases. Additionally, we focused on the reduction rates of serum hCG levels after surgery. Based on the scatter plot of the association between the reduction rates and elapsed time after surgery, we tried to create linear regression lines for estimating the appropriate postoperative follow-up period. Results: In the multivariate analyses of the 62 cases with laparoscopic salpingostomy, “high hCG”, including serum hCG levels of 2000 and 4000 mIU/mL, showed significance. These results were also detected in the analysis of all 128 cases. Next, we obtained the regression lines based on the scatter plots of the association between reduction rates of serum hCG levels and elapsed time after surgery. By referring to the slopes of the regression lines, we could predict 37 and 30 days as the necessary time for serum hCG levels to decrease to one-thousandth in the cases with laparoscopic salpingostomy and salpingectomy. Conclusions: Our evaluation of the association between serum hCG level and PT allows us to provide the selection criteria, namely, serum hCG levels over 2000 and 4000 mIU/mL, for laparoscopic salpingostomy. Additionally, our analysis of the association between the reduction rates of serum hCG levels and the elapsed time after surgery allows us to predict the appropriate length for the postoperative follow-up period.

Abstract Background The application of laparoscopic surgeries has been increasing, and various uterine diseases in addition to leiomyoma/adenomyoma have become indications for total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH). Therefore, data acquisition and analysis of TLH procedures, including TLH for rare uterine diseases, have become important for improving surgical procedures and patient selection. To determine the prevalence of and risk factors for the occurrence of intraoperative and postoperative complications of TLH, we performed a multivariate analysis of the records in our hospital. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 323 patients who underwent TLH for the treatment of leiomyoma/adenomyoma (278 cases), low-grade (pre)malignant uterine tumours (40 cases) and other rare uterine diseases (5 cases) from January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2019. Of the rare uterine diseases, one case of caesarean scar pregnancy for which TLH was performed is introduced as a case report. To assess the effects of 11 representative factors, including patient characteristics, uterus and leiomyoma sizes, indications for TLH and others, we performed a multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results Among the 323 cases, 20 intraoperative complications and 15 postoperative complications were reported. In the multivariate analysis, “ovarian tumour” and “heavy uterus” were positively associated and “nulliparity” was negatively associated with intraoperative complications. There were no significant risk factors for postoperative complications. The only risk factor for operative complications directly related to the resected uterus was “heavy uterus”. Therefore, we could perform TLH relatively safely for patients with other indications besides leiomyoma/adenomyoma. Conclusions Considering the factors detected in this analysis, the indications for TLH may be expanded. Owing to the increase in TLH for indications other than leiomyoma/adenomyoma, a more accurate determination of the treatment approach can be achieved.

Background: Minimally invasive surgeries, such as laparoscopic and robotic surgeries, have been the main treatment methods for stage I endometrial cancer instead of laparotomy. However, minimally invasive surgeries for malignant tumors have not yet been established in many rural hospitals or hospitals with few gynecologists. This study aimed to investigate whether laparoscopic or robotic surgery for stage I endometrial cancer is more sustainable and useful at a rural hospital where a single non-laparoscopic-specialized surgeon performs oncologic surgery and provides outpatient care. Methods: This retrospective case-control study was conducted at our hospital. The study enrolled 65 patients with endometrial cancer who underwent robotic-assisted laparoscopic hysterectomy (RALH) or total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH). We compared surgical outcomes such as patient background, operation time, blood loss, and other indices. Results: Exactly 34 patients underwent robotic surgery, and 31 underwent laparoscopic surgery. No severe adverse events required reoperation, conversion to laparotomy, or ureteral injury during either operation. The operation time decreased in patients who underwent robotic surgery compared with those who underwent laparoscopic surgery (193 (140–227) vs. 253 (219–287) min, p < 0.001). In addition, the blood loss volume decreased by half in patients who underwent robotic surgery compared to those who underwent laparoscopic surgery. Significantly more operations were completed by two operators rather than three operators at robotic surgery compared to laparoscopic surgery (59% vs. 26%, p = 0.007). The hospitalization days were 1.5 days shorter in the robotic surgery group than in the laparoscopic surgery group (p < 0.001). Exactly 18 patients underwent robotic surgery with pelvic lymphadenectomy, and 26 underwent laparoscopic surgery with pelvic lymphadenectomy. Patients who underwent robotic surgery required less operation time than those who underwent laparoscopic surgery (226 (199–246) vs. 261 (236–287) min, p = 0.001). Conclusions: In the surgical treatment of stage I endometrial cancer, robotic surgery was associated with a significantly shorter operation time, shorter hospital stay, and no obvious complications. This study proposes that robotic surgery is a promising solution for the sustainable introduction of minimally invasive surgery for stage I endometrial cancer in rural hospitals or hospitals with few gynecologists.

Abstract Background To determine the prevalence of and risk factors for malignant transformation of ovarian endometrioma during dienogest therapy, which is very rare, we examined multiple cases of malignant transformation of ovarian endometrioma during dienogest therapy and performed a multivariate analysis of the records in our hospital. Methods The medical records of 174 patients who underwent DNGT for the treatment of OMA from June 1, 2011, to May 31, 2018, were reviewed retrospectively with the approval of the Human Ethical Committee of the University of Teikyo Hospital. And we provided one representative case of MT with obtaining written informed consent. To assess the effects of six representative factors, including advanced age, parity, surgical history, and endometrial cyst characteristics (including 3 factors), on the possibility of malignant transformation, we performed a multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results Of the 174 cases, 4 were diagnosed with malignant transformation, and these cases are reported. In the multivariate analysis, advanced age (P = 0.0064), nullipara (P = 0.0322), and enlargement (P = 0.0079) showed significant differences for malignant transformation occurrence. All 4 malignant transformation cases were among the 19 patients who had all of these 3 factors. Conclusions For a more accurate determination of the treatment approach, a larger sample size will be needed to determine the risk factors for malignant transformation during dienogest therapy.

Background: Prompt detection and treatment of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), namely, CIN3, are important for preventing malignant transformation. In most cases, such treatment is performed through conization, but minimally invasive procedures must also be considered. Therefore, we present a surgical method using a combination of monopolar electrosurgical conization (MESC) and oxidized regenerated cellulose-based haemostat (ORCH) (Surgicel®) and discuss its merits and risk factors. Methods: The medical records of 274 patients treated at our hospital from January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2021, were retrospectively reviewed. To detect risk factors for postoperative problems, we considered 2 indicators: postoperative recurrence and haemostatic suture for severe postoperative bleeding. We also focused on the following 10 representative factors for predicting significant risk for postoperative problems: (1) advanced age, (2) high BMI, (3) nulliparity, (4) smoking history, (5) long operation time, (6) intraoperative suture, (7) positive margin, (8) invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), (9) no dysplasia, and (10) cervical glandular neoplasia (CGN). Results: Among the 274 patients, 19 instances of postoperative recurrence and 8 instances of haemostatic suture were detected. In a multivariate analysis of the 10 factors, we detected no significant impact except for “no dysplasia” on both indicators. This result indicated that our method had no specific risk and could provide a certain extent of usability. Conclusions: The combination of MESC and ORCH for the treatment of CIN3 could be performed effectively and safely with minimal intraoperative haemostatic suturing of the cut surface.

Objective: To evaluate the TRUCLEAR™ system (Smith and Nephew Inc., London, UK), a hysteroscopic system that morcellates and aspirates masses, in terms of the operating time, surgeon's convenience, and effect on patients compared with conventional electrosurgical resection. Methods: Patients undergoing hysteroscopic resection of endometrial polyps were randomly allocated to undergo hysteroscopic morcellation or electrosurgical resection (UMIN-CTR identifier: UMIN000019649). The primary outcome was the operating time. Secondary outcomes were the removal success, fluid deficit, convenience with the technique, insertion time, number of insertions during the operation, visibility of the operative field, recurrence of the patient's chief complaint, and adverse events. Results: Sixty-seven women were randomly allocated to the morcellation arm (n = 34) or electrosurgical resection arm (n = 33) from November 2015 to November 2016. The polyps were completely removed, and no adverse events were observed in all 67 patients. The average operating time (8.3 min vs. 12.0 min, P = 0.014), insertion time (5.0 min vs. 9.0 min, P < 0.001), and number of insertions (1.0 vs. 8.2, P < 0.001) were significantly lower in the morcellation arm than in the electrosurgical resection arm. Surgeons' subjective evaluation measured on a 10-cm visual analog scale was higher in the morcellation arm than in the electrosurgical resection arm in terms of easiness of removal (8.4 vs. 6.5, P < 0.001) and visibility of the operative field (7.8 vs. 6.4, P < 0.001). Conclusion: Surgeons gave the hysteroscopic morcellator system a better evaluation compared than electrosurgical resection, and the system shortened the operating time.