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To study the evolution of the clinical profile of a population discharged with a main diagnosis of heart failure (HF) in the first two decades of the century and the predictive variables of mortality and readmission in the first year of discharge.Observational, retrospective, longitudinal study. SITE: Don Benito Villanueva de la Serena Badajoz health area.All patients discharged with a main diagnosis of HF between 2000 and 2019 in a general hospital complex were included.Sociodemographic and clinical variables were collected, and a one-year follow-up; the result variable was a composite of mortality and/or readmission.A total of 4107 discharges were included, mean age 77.1 (SD±10.5) years, 53.1% women. The number of admissions, age, history of neoplasms, stroke, kidney failure, and anemia increased, as did readmissions (P for trends.001), while mortality remained constant. Predictive variables for readmission and/or death were HR (95%CI): age (per year) 1.04 (1.03-1.04), diabetes: 1.11 (1.01-1.24), previous HF 1.41 (1.28-1.57), composite variable myocardial infarction, stroke and/or peripheral artery disease 1.24 (1.11-1.38), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) 1.29 (1.15-1.44), neoplasia 1.33 (1.16-1.53), anemia 1.63 (1.41-1.86), chronic kidney failure 1.42 (1.26-1.60).In the last 20 years, admissions for heart failure, patient age, and comorbidity have increased. Predictive variables for mortality and/or readmission were age, diabetes, previous cardiovascular disease, neoplasms, COPD, kidney failure, and anemia; however, mortality at one year remained constant.

Resumen Introduccion La endocarditis infecciosa (EI) sobre transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) es una complicacion emergente. Existen datos incompletos y dispares sobre su incidencia. Se aporta la experiencia en nuestro centro sobre incidencia, mortalidad y factores asociados de la EI post-TAVI y se compara con datos de la literatura. Metodos Estudio retrospectivo observacional de los casos de EI diagnosticados en pacientes que habian recibido TAVI, entre el 1 de junio de 2009 y el 1 de noviembre de 2017, en un centro universitario tras una mediana de seguimiento de 15,3 meses (rango intercuartil [RIC] 9,1-36,2). Se analizaron la incidencia, los datos clinicos, microbiologicos y pronosticos, y los factores asociados a EI post-TAVI. Resultados Se detectaron 11 pacientes con EI de 200 TAVI. Incidencia global: 5,5% (2,77 casos por 100 anos-paciente). La mediana de tiempo hasta la EI post-TAVI fue de 112 dias (RIC 36-578), la tasa de mortalidad intrahospitalaria fue del 36,4% y la mortalidad al ano, del 54,5%. Todos los microorganismos identificados fueron grampositivos (4 Enterococcus faecalis, 3 Staphylococcus coagulasa negativo). Los pacientes con EI post-TAVI eran significativamente mas jovenes (mediana 78, RIC 73-80, frente a 82, RIC 79-84, p = 0,002), tenian un EuroSCORE mayor (5,1 ± 2,4 frente a 3,2 ± 1,2, p Conclusiones En nuestro medio, la incidencia de EI post-TAVI es mayor que la descrita en series multicentricas, lo que concuerda con la tendencia publicada en la literatura. Conlleva una elevada mortalidad y se asocia con una peor situacion clinica basal.

An 85-year-old patient with permanent atrial fibrillation with a DDD pacemaker, and with indication for left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO). Sent for LAAO due to recurrent gastrointestinal bleedings even on apixaban and with a CHA 2 DS 2 VASc and HAS-BLED scores of 4 and 3 respectively.

An 81-year-old man was referred for left atrial appendage (LAA) closure because of nonvalvular atrial fibrillation and recurrent gastrointestinal bleeds with 2 direct oral anticoagulants. He had a CHA2DS2-VASc score of 4 and a HAS-BLED score of 3. A 25-mm Amplatzer Amulet device (St. Jude Medical

Background Fractional flow reverse (FFR) is the gold standard assessment of the hemodynamic significance of coronary stenoses. However, it requires the catheterization of the coronary artery to determine the pressure waveforms proximal and distal to the stenosis. On the contrary, computational fluid dynamics enables the calculation of the FFR value from relatively non-invasive computed tomography angiography (CTA). Methods We analyze the flow across idealized highly-eccentric coronary stenoses by solving the Navier–Stokes equations. We examine the influence of several aspects (approximations) of the simulation method on the calculation of the FFR value. We study the effects on the FFR value of errors made in the segmentation of clinical images. For this purpose, we compare the FFR value for the nominal geometry with that calculated for other shapes that slightly deviate from that geometry. This analysis is conducted for a range of stenosis severities and different inlet velocity and pressure waveforms. Results and conclusions The errors made in assuming a uniform velocity profile in front of the stenosis, as well as those due to the Newtonian and laminar approximations, are negligible for stenosis severities leading to FFR values around the threshold 0.8. The limited resolution of the stenosis geometry reconstruction is the major source of error when predicting the FFR value. Both systematic errors in the contour detection of just 1-pixel size in the CTA images and a low-quality representation of the stenosis surface (coarse faceted geometry) may yield wrong outcomes of the FFR assessment for an important set of eccentric stenoses. On the contrary, the spatial resolution of images acquired with optical coherence tomography may be sufficient to ensure accurate predictions for the FFR value.

We present a case of a 52 year old female who suffered from a sudden syncope. A coronariography was performed and spontaneous coronary dissection was diagnosed in the posterior descending artery after an optical coherence tomography (OCT) was performed. A conservative management was decided. During hospitalization the patient presented with an episode of chest pain with an anterior ST elevation on ECG. Coronariography showed total occlusion of the left descending artery and again a dissection was diagnosed by OCT. This time, 2 stents were implanted in the affected artery. The hypothesis that the coronary adventitial volume of vasa vasorum is higher in patients with spontaneous coronary artery dissection has been demonstrated in a recent small study and it was observed in this patient. Conservative management is preferred in most cases, proceeding to revascularization for patients with ongoing chest pain, hemodynamic instability and ST elevation, mostly if it affects major arteries.

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is an increasingly common procedure for the treatment of aortic stenosis in elderly patients with comorbidities that prevent the use of standard surgery. It has been shown that implantation without aortic regurgitation is related to lower mortality. Mild paravalvular regurgitation is inevitable in some cases due to calcification of the aortic annulus and its usually somewhat elliptical shape. Central regurgitation is less common, but has been associated with valve overdilatation in cases in which reduction of paravalvular regurgitation was attempted after the initial inflation. However, there are no reported cases of central prosthetic aortic regurgitation due to acute LV dysfunction. We report a case in which central aortic regurgitation occurred due to transient ventricular dysfunction secondary to occlusion of the right coronary artery by an embolus. The regurgitation disappeared after thrombus aspiration and normal ventricular function was immediately recovered. Resumo: A substituição percutânea de válvula aórtica (transcatheter aortic valve replacement – TAVR) tem-se tornado cada vez mais frequente para o tratamento da estenose aórtica em pacientes idosos com doenças associadas, para evitar a cirurgia convencional. Sabe-se que, não havendo refluxo aórtico após o implante, a mortalidade será mais baixa. Em alguns casos, contudo, um refluxo paravalvular moderado é inevitável, devido à calcificação do ânulo-aórtico e à sua configuração geralmente elíptica. O refluxo central é mais raro, tendo sido associado à excessiva dilatação da válvula em casos em que se tentou redução do refluxo paravalvular, após a inflação inicial. Entretanto, não foram referidos casos de refluxo aórtico central por disfunção ventricular esquerda aguda. Referimos um caso em que ocorreu refluxo aórtico central por disfunção ventricular transitória, secundária à oclusão da artéria coronária direita por êmbolo. O refluxo desapareceu após aspiração do trombo, sendo recuperada imediatamente a função ventricular normal. Keywords: Aortic regurgitation, Transcatheter aortic valve replacement, Coronary occlusion, Palavras-chave: Insuficiência aórtica, Substituição percutânea de válvula aórtica, Oclusâo coronária