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Summary: This case report describes the treatment and outcome of a 3.5‐month‐old lame foal, with a history of pneumonia associated with Rhodococcus equi. Clinical examination identified osteomyelitis of the scapulohumeral joint. The unusual location of the Rhodococcus equi osteomyelitis unresponsive to prevention and adequate treatment led to euthanasia of the patient. Post‐mortem findings confirmed bronchopneumonia due to Rhodococcus equi as well as the osteomyelitis of the scapulohumeral joint. This case highlights that Rhodococcus equi should be considered as a pathogen in extrapulmonary locations such as septic arthritis and osteomyelitis in foals with history of bronchopneumonia. Early and aggressive treatment should be considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: This case report describes a minimally invasive transurethral approach to repair a caudally located, ventral tear in the neck of the bladder in a standing mare. The mare was diagnosed with a ruptured bladder 16 h post‐partum based on clinical signs, transabdominal ultrasonography, peritoneal fluid analysis and serum biochemistry, and cystoscopy. Under sedation and epidural anaesthesia, the tear was visualised with a laparoscope placed through a sterile disposable foil large animal vaginal speculum (Henry Schein®; Henry Schein Animal Health, Dublin, Ohio, USA). Using Karl Storz Macro needle holders (Karl Storz Endoscopy, Culver City, California, USA.) passed through the speculum, the defect was sutured in a single layer simple continuous pattern using 0 Polyglactin 910 (Vicryl®; Ethicon Inc., Cornelia, Georgia, USA.). The surgical time was 30 min and no complications were encountered. The mare has shown no signs of urine pooling, urine dribbling, or cystitis since the operation. She is alive at the time of submission (130 days post‐operatively). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Three Thoroughbred mares that had undergone previous colopexy following surgical correction of a large colon volvulus presented for colic signs unresponsive to medical management. Exploratory laparotomy was elected and a midline celiotomy was performed in the caudal aspect of the ventral abdomen in each mare. Examination of the cranial abdomen revealed the large colon was not adhered to the ventral body wall, indicating dehiscence of the previous colopexy. Further examination of the abdomen in each mare revealed a 360‐degree large colon volvulus. The previous colopexy site appeared as a linear haemorrhagic area of fibrosis in one mare and a pale area of fibrosis in two mares. The large colon volvulus was corrected and a second colopexy was then performed using the same technique as the first colopexy – by incorporating 10–12 cm of the lateral free band of the left ventral colon into the midline linea alba closure using number 3 polyglactin 910 (Vicryl®). The mares each recovered uneventfully from anaesthesia and were discharged 2–10 days later. Two of the mares are still alive at the time of manuscript submission, 475 and 789 days post‐operatively. The third mare survived 4 years post‐operatively, following which she was lost to follow‐up. Data available from our clinic indicate an incidence rate of 0.79% for colopexy dehiscence followed by a repeat episode of large colon volvulus. This phenomenon should be considered as a differential diagnosis when a mare that previously underwent a colopexy presents with severe signs of colic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]