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Difference is not an epiphenomenon of socio-spatial relations, but a genuine worldmaking driving-force, provided that it is the handling of difference that paves the way to specific interactions that end up shaping society and, ultimately, space. There exists not merely ‘a world of difference’ but a world because, and out of, differences. This article offers a neo-Hegelian analysis of the spatial basis of politico-economic and ethnic-social differences, making use of the striking example of anti-difference violence suffered by indigenous peoples under the hegemony of financial-rentier capitalism. There are two main pillars of socio-spatial difference, ethnicity and class, which co-determine each other and eventually result in hybrid, ethnoclass differences held by all humans and according to their specific and general circumstances. The socio-spatial trajectory of the Guarani-Kaiowa indigenous nation, in the center of Brazil, is emblematic of the dialectical basis of ethnoclass differences, and also of the political potentiality of difference.

This article discusses some of the long-term tendencies of the Paraguayan political economy, focusing, in particular, on impacts on indigenous peoples and, because of the ongoing agribusiness expansion in the northeast of the country, on the Paĩ Tavyterã nation. This analysis is warranted because of the growing recognition of the importance of land-related disputes affecting indigenous peoples, particularly in countries such as Paraguay that rely heavily on agribusiness exports and on the exploitation of natural resources. It is based on more than six years of research dedicated to the land struggles of the Paĩ Tavyterã (and members of the same ethnic group in Brazil, called Guarani-Kaiowa). Instead of a comparative study, this is a relational storytelling text that draws insights from various actors, communities and situations that were obtained through a qualitative and participative methodology, involving indigenous communities as co-participants and co-investigators in the study. Empirical results demonstrate that, despite the fact that Paraguay is a major exporter of agribusiness commodities the accumulation of multiple forms of subtraction is a prevailing geographical force. The reaction of indigenous peoples is in the form of anti-subtraction. The main implication of this research is that the process of decolonisation is, first and foremost, an anti-subtraction movement that aims to revert the deficit caused by the systemic subtraction of socio-economic and socio-ecological opportunities.

O presente artigo examina como a emergência política de Donald Trump e Jair Bolsonaro em seus respectivos países impactou os rumos da relações entre os Estados Unidos e o Brasil. O trabalho e a pesquisa que o sustenta se valeram de metodologias várias, incluindo a análise do discurso histórico e de dados qualitativos e quantitavos. Em seu conjunto, nossa estudo nos permite afirmar que as condições de possibilidade que permitiram a ascensão de tais figuras tão idiosincráticas estão ligadas a uma crise mais ampla da ordem liberal criada no pós-Segunda Guerra. Da mesma forma, nosso estudo aponta que, apesar de interligadas como expressões de um movimento neofascista mais amplo, tais figuras não foram capazes de redefinir os rumos da relações bilaterais de maneira consequente dadas as condições específicas de cada país e da natureza assimétrica do relacionamento

Indigenous schools are spaces for the convergence of different worldviews and to demonstrate how the creativity of each ethnic group challenges exogenous and established concepts and methodologies. This article examines main trends and pending gaps related to indigenous education in Brazil between the years 2007 and 2019. Issues such as the characterisation of indigenous schools, teachers and students are analysed, with a focus on the evolution of the number of students enrolled, infrastructure, language and pedagogic approaches. The analysis is focused on the states of Mato Grosso do Sul, which has a large indigenous population and an economy based on export-oriented agribusiness, and São Paulo, the main economic, demographic and political centre of Brazil with a much smaller indigenous population. The results demonstrate concrete improvements, especially the expansion of the number of schools and the student population. A growing number of schools are now dedicated to serve indigenous populations and make use of specific teaching material (although this material is of uneven quality). However, many problems remain unresolved, including threats to funding and uncertain administrative support from public authorities, a situation that has been aggravated in recent years with the growing adoption of elitist, anti-indigenous government policies.

Os modelos climáticos e seus cenários são importantes ferramentas para descrever como poderão ser os padrões climáticos no contexto das nações e seus territórios, além destes modelos serem importantes ferramentas técnicas para o desenvolvimento de ações estratégicas territoriais. Seguindo este princípio, este artigo tem como objetivo analisar possíveis cenários futuros para a Escócia, ao longo do século XXI. A Escócia é uma importante nação que integra o Reino Unido e possui um significativo potencial hídrico na Europa, especialmente em termos qualitativos. No mais, este país possui uma política hídrica avançada, fortemente relacionada às regras da Diretiva das Águas da Europa. Para o desenvolvimento de um conciso relatório climático sobre a Escócia, este artigo descreverá os principais resultados de dois modelos climáticos Europeus inseridos no AR5, modelos estes criados por Collins at al. apud IPCC (2013) e Christensen & Kanicharla apud IPCC (2013).

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Copyright of Revista NERA is the property of Revista NERA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista NERA is the property of Revista NERA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)