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The aim of the study was to study the clinical and typological features of eating disorders in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders.Materials and methods. We studied 136 patients (84 women and 52 men) with schizophrenia spectrum disorders, aged 19 to 58 years, mean age 37.6±9.8 years; the average duration of the disease was 8.6+7.6 years. Criteria for inclusion in the study: age from 18 to 60 years, the presence of disorders of the schizophrenia spectrum, in accordance with the criteria for ICD-10 (F. 20; F. 25), informed consent for participation in the study. Exclusion criteria: organic diseases of the central nervous system, endocrine pathology, severe somatic and gynecological diseases, pregnancy and lactation. The design of the study was open, comparative, non-randomized. The study of patients was carried out once before the start of therapy. Research methods: anamnestic, clinical-psychopathological, psychometric, anthropometric and clinical-statistical.Results: Clinical and endocrine features of the majority of the studied patients were: appetite deviations, varied in nature, intensity and frequency; an increase in body weight of varying degrees, the predominance of the external type of eating disorders, including as part of a mixed type (more than 60% of cases); a high degree of expressiveness of the emotional and restrictive types; a combination of a significant severity of the emotional type with the apathetic nature of affective disorders occurring within the framework of the underlying disease; single-phase variant of the flow of restrictive type. Clinical features in the studied patients with obesity were the stability of disorders and the combination of increased appetite and daily volume of high-calorie nutrition, incorrect family culinary traditions, the prevalence of mixed or external type.Conclusion. The management of patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders with eating disorders should be comprehensive, together with endocrinologists, therapists, nutritionists. An integrated approach should include: observation and counseling by narrow specialists, recommendations for the normalization of lifestyle, diet, the formation of a low-calorie diet and nutrition stereotype in the patient’s family.

The European physical journal / D 76(11), 205 (2022). doi:10.1140/epjd/s10053-022-00535-y, The petawatt (PW) laser facility of the Berkeley Lab Laser Accelerator (BELLA) Center has recently commissioned its second laser pulse transport line. This new beamline can be operated in parallel with the first beamline and enables strong-field quantum electrodynamics (SF-QED) experiments at BELLA. In this paper, we present an overview of the upgraded BELLA PW facility with a SF-QED experimental layout in which intense laser pulses collide with GeV-class laser-wakefield-accelerated electron beams. We present simulation results showing that experiments will allow the study of laser-particle interactions from the classical to the SF-QED regime with a nonlinear quantum parameter of up to χ∼2. In addition, we show that experiments will enable the study and production of GeV-class, mrad-divergence positron beams via the Breit–Wheeler process., Published by Springer, Heidelberg

The focused field and its intensity distribution achieved by the 4pi-spherical focusing scheme are investigated within the framework of diffraction optics. Generalized mathematical formulas describing the spatial distributions of the focused electric and magnetic fields are derived for the transverse magnetic and transverse electric mode electromagnetic waves with and without the orbital angular momentum attribute. The mathematical formula obtained shows no singularity in the field in the focal region and satisfies the finite field strength and electromagnetic energy conditions. The 4pi-spherical focusing of the transverse magnetic mode electromagnetic wave provides the highest field strength at the focus and the peak intensity reaches 10^26^ W/cm^2^ for the laser power of 100 PW at 800 nm wavelength. As an example of using the mathematical formula, the electron-positron pair production via the Schwinger mechanism is analyzed and compared with previous results.

The availability of ever stronger, laser-generated electromagnetic fields underpins continuing progress in the study and application of nonlinear phenomena in basic physical systems, ranging from molecules and atoms to relativistic plasmas and quantum electrodynamics. This raises the question: how far will we be able to go with future lasers? One exciting prospect is the attainment of field strengths approaching the Schwinger critical field ${E}_{\mathrm{cr}}$ in the laboratory frame, such that the field invariant ${E}^2-{c}^2{B}^2>{E}_{\mathrm{cr}}^2$ is reached. The feasibility of doing so has been questioned, on the basis that cascade generation of dense electron–positron plasma would inevitably lead to absorption or screening of the incident light. Here we discuss the potential for future lasers to overcome such obstacles, by combining the concept of multiple colliding laser pulses with that of frequency upshifting via a tailored laser–plasma interaction. This compresses the electromagnetic field energy into a region of nanometre size and attosecond duration, which increases the field magnitude at fixed power but also suppresses pair cascades. Our results indicate that laser facilities with peak power of tens of PW could be capable of reaching ${E}_{\mathrm{cr}}$ . Such a scenario opens up prospects for the experimental investigation of phenomena previously considered to occur only in the most extreme environments in the universe.

Physics of plasmas 29(8), 083102 (2022). doi:10.1063/5.0089331, The new capabilities of the short focal length, high intensity beamline, named iP2, at the BELLA Center will extend the reach of research in high energy density science, including accessing new regimes of high gradient ion acceleration and their applications. This 1 Hz system will provide an on-target peak intensity beyond 1021 W/cm2 with a temporal contrast ratio of, Published by American Institute of Physics, [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar]

The plasma channel formation in the focus of a knife-like nanosecond laser pulse irradiating a gas target is studied theoretically, and in gas-dynamics computer simulations. The distribution of the electromagnetic field in the focus region, obtained analytically, is used to calculate the energy deposition in the plasma, which then is implemented in the magnetohydrodynamic computer code. The modelling of the channel evolution shows that the plasma profile, which can guide the laser pulse, is formed by the tightly focused short knife-like lasers. The results of the simulations show that a proper choice of the convergence angle of a knife-like laser beam (determined by the focal length of the last cylindrical lens), and laser pulse duration may provide a sufficient degree of azimuthal symmetry of the formed plasma channel.

In the limit of extremely intense electromagnetic fields the Maxwell equations are modified due to the photon-photon scattering that makes the vacuum refraction index depend on the field amplitude. In the presence of electromagnetic waves with small but finite wave numbers the vacuum behaves as a dispersive medium. We show that the interplay between the vacuum polarization and the nonlinear effects in the interaction of counter-propagating electromagnetic waves can result in the formation of Kadomtsev-Petviashvily solitons and, in one-dimension configuration, of Korteveg-de-Vries type solitons that can propagate over a large distance without changing their shape.

Moving electron vortices have been observed in laser interaction with non-uniform near-critical-density plasma by multi-dimensional Particle-in-Cell simulations. In two dimensional geometry, there are two vortices with opposite magnetic polarity, moving perpendicularly to the plasma density gradient direction. The field distribution and particle motion composing such a moving structure have been clearly observed in simulations, which explains the vortex motion. Two components of loop currents are formed around each electron vortex, which dominate the vortex motion. The moving velocity can be as large as a 0.2c level, forming relativistic vortices inside the plasma. Laser plasma conditions such as intensity, polarization, density profile, and external magnetic field effects on the vortex motion and evolution are also studied. In three dimensions, the structure appears as an expanding magnetic ring with an internal magnetic field up to 1000 Tesla. Such vortex structures suggest an interesting way of energy (with more than 5% of the laser energy) transportation to ambient plasmas as far as 50 μm away from the laser-plasma interaction region, which may have applications in laser plasma-based inertial confinement fusion and laboratory astrophysics.

Ultrahigh intensity lasers inducing Micro-bubble implosions (MBI) have the potential to produce ultrahigh densities and consequently ultrahigh electrostatic fields. The field can be sufficiently strong so that gamma-rays passing near the imploded MBI core can be bent by the modification of the vacuum making transient gamma-ray lenses possible. At sufficiently high laser intensities the electrostatic fields could approach the Schwinger field. The substantial reduction of the pair creation threshold field from the vacuum in the finite volume of multiple focusing lasers has been shown previously. Here, we apply the same formalism to the Coulomb fields in the finite volume of the MBI to determine the probability of electron-pair creation verses initial density and cavity size., 2019 US-Japan Workshop on Theory and Simulations of High Energy Density Physics with Extreme Fields

In future high-energy accelerators such as the International Linear Collider (ILC) the beam energy can be above 100 GeV. For example, the beam power of the ILC can be 5-17 MW depending of its energy and treating such huge power consumption at the beam dumps is a challenge task as engineering work. We consider a new beam dump using a combination of high power laser and plasma. The plasma wake driven by electron or positron beams can decelerate the latter part of a bunch but cannot be done for the front portion of the bunch efficiently. In addition to the plasma dump an intense laser pulse strongly damps the beam energy via radiation damping and/or other QED processes. This scheme is also opens a new path to study fundamental physics problems., Optics & Photonics International Congress 2019 (HEDS2019)

We show that electron-positron pair production from the vacuum is possible via the strong Coulomb fields generated by micro-bubble implosions induced by ultra-high intensity lasers. Even in the case where the Coulomb fields are lower than the pair creation threshold, externally injected high energy electrons or photons could be used to generate pairs.

We show investigations into using high intensity lasers to stop high energy electron beams., The 2018 International Workshop on Future Linear Colliders (LCWS18) 出席

We show using 3D simulations that the challenge of generating dense mono-energetic laser-driven ion beams with low angular divergence can be overcome by utilizing structured targets with a relativistically transparent channel and an overdense wall. In contrast to a uniform target that produces a chirped ion beam, the target structure facilitates formation of a dense electron bunch whose longitudinal electric field reverses the energy chirp. This approach works in conjunction with existing acceleration mechanisms, augmenting the ion spectra. For example, our 3D simulations predict a significant improvement for a 2 PW laser pulse with a peak intensity of $5 \times 10^{22}$ W/cm$^2$. The simulations show a mono-energetic proton peak in a highly desirable energy range of 200 MeV with an unprecedented charge of several nC and relatively low divergence that is below 10$^{\circ}$., 6 pages, 5 figures

Relativistic flying mirrors generated by ultra-high intensity laser pulses propagating in plasma have been used to upshift and focus counter-propagating laser pulses via the double Doppler effect. We have shown that a source pulse of high intensity generates boosted harmonics. We will simulate two colliding laser pulses of high intensity colliding and present our considerations for using relativistic flying mirrors for achieving high flux γ-ray sources., 45thConference on Plasma Physics

The large discrepancy between measurements and theoretical predictions of photon-photon is mainly due to the very small cross section and need for high photon fluxes. We previously theoretically investigated the possibility of measuring it using relativistic mirrors. We further investigate this using particle-in-cell simulations and estimate the laser parameters necessary to observe photon-photon scattering and pair creation., 国際学会HEDLA2018参加

The paper presents a review of dynamic stabilization mechanisms for plasma instabilities. One of the dynamic stabilization mechanisms for plasma instability was proposed in the papers [Phys. Plasmas 19, 024503(2012) and references therein], based on a perturbation phase control. In general, instabilities emerge from the perturbations of the physical quantity. Normally the perturbation phase is unknown so that the instability growth rate is discussed. However, if the perturbation phase is known, the instability growth can be controlled by a superimposition of perturbations imposed actively: if the perturbation is introduced by, for example, a driving beam axis oscillation or so, the perturbation phase can be controlled and the instability growth is mitigated by the superimposition of the growing perturbations. Based on this mechanism we present the application results of the dynamic stabilization mechanism to the Rayleigh-Taylor (R-T) instability and to the filamentation instability as typical examples in this paper. On the other hand, in the paper [Comments Plasma Phys. Controlled Fusion 3, 1(1977)] another mechanism was proposed to stabilize the R-T instability based on the strong oscillation of acceleration, which was realized by the laser intensity modulation in laser inertial fusion [Phys. Rev. Lett. 71, 3131(1993)]. In the latter mechanism, the total acceleration strongly oscillates, so that the additional oscillating force is added to create a new stable window in the system. Originally the latter mechanism was proposed by P. L. Kapitza, and it was applied to the stabilization of an inverted pendulum. In this paper we review the two dynamic stabilization mechanisms, and present the application results of the former dynamic stabilization mechanism.

For several decades the capillary discharges have been under intensive investigations due to various promising applications, e.g. for the laser electron accelerators as well as for the X-ray lasers [1,2]. A major portion of the experiments were done with circular cross-section capillaries. An appropriate theoretical and numerical study of circular capillaries can be greatly simplified to a 1D model [3] assuming rotational and axial symmetries of the plasma flow in a long thin channel. On the other hand, studying capillaries with non-circular cross-section [4], which have been attracting substantially less attention, requires more complicated 2D models. Such capillaries, for example, square one, possess several advantages related to their fabrication as well as for plasma diagnostics The aim of our work is to compare the plasma density and temperature distributions formed at the quasistationary stage of the discharge. We present the results of MHD simulations of hydrogen-filled capillary discharges with circular and rectangular cross-sections under almost the same conditions characterizing the initial configurations and the external electric circuit. The simulation parameters are choosen to correspond to the capillary discharge based waveguide for the laser wakefield accelerator [5]. Bibliography [1] Leemans W. P. et al 2014 Phys. Rev. Lett. 113 245002 [2] Benware B. R. et al 1998 Phys. Rev. Lett. 81 5804 [3] Bobrova N. A. et al 2001 Phys. Rev. E 65 016407 [4] Gonsalves A. J. et al 2007 Phys. Rev. Lett. 98 025002 [5] Esarey E. et al 2009 Rev. Mod. Phys. 81 1229

A new one-dimensional analytical model of a thin double layer foil interaction with a laser pulse is presented. It is based on one-dimensional electrodynamics. This model can be used for the study of high intensity laser pulse interactions with overdense plasmas, leading to frequency upshifting, high order harmonic generation, and ion acceleration in different regimes.

The article presents the methodology of assessing the level of traffic service during the operation, conversion or creation of new focal points in urban areas. The presented methodology of assessing the level of traffic service within the context of traffic performance of uncontrolled intersections allows assessing the degree of influence of focal points on the adjacent street-and-road network. The methodology contains nine consecutive steps and results in assessment of the level of traffic service. The distinctive feature of the methodology is the need to distribute the intensity of traffic flows at the entrance or exit to/from the territory in question when there are several feeding intersections. The result of distribution of transport flows is a matrix that relies on the intensity of the transit flow. If the intensity of conflicting traffic flows exceeds the limit values recommended by the national regulatory standards, the traffic must be controlled by traffic lights. An integrated mathematical model is presented; it allows assessing the load factor of traffic on the basis of open source data, for example, geometric parameters of feeding intersections, the area of the focal point and its remoteness from the city center. Such data can be obtained using GIS technologies. The unique character of the integrated model is that it involves parameters reflecting both the transport demand and traffic performance of the feeding intersection. The model includes the boundary intervals of vehicles driving in the main flow and the intervals of movement in the minor flow. The sequence of calculation of the transport demand converted into the influence of traffic flow intensity on the street-and-road network and traffic load factor is shown. Recommendations on how to choose a traffic management pattern for uncontrolled intersections are given.

An ultrarelativistic electron emits Cherenkov radiation in a vacuum with an induced by strong electromagnetic wave refraction index larger than unity. During the interaction with this wave, the electron also radiates photons via Compton scattering. A synergic Cherenkov-Compton process can be observed by colliding laser accelerated electrons with a high-intensity electromagnetic pulse. Extremely high energy photons cannot be emitted via the Cherenkov radiation because the vacuum refraction index tends to unity at these energies. Experiments on studying these phenomena will reveal the properties of the vacuum predicted by nonlinear quantum electrodynamics.

This is a summary of presentations and discussions in the “Laser-Plasma Acceleration of Ions” Working Group at the 2016 Advanced Accelerator Concepts Workshop. Presentations on various aspects of short pulse high intensity laser-driven ion acceleration in plasma are reviewed, and the status on acceleration mechanisms, targets, and diagnostics development are presented, along with future directions of research.

We have previously shown that laser light can be upshifted to higher frequencies by its reflection off relativistically moving mirrors in plasma. These mirrors were generated with ultra-high intensity laser pulses. However, the laser light which was reflected off the mirrors had relatively low intensity. We show via simulations that even high intensity light can be reflected off the mirrors and that this can generate relativistically upshifted harmonics.

© 2016 American Physical Society. The dynamics of an electron bunch irradiated by two focused colliding super-intense laser pulses and the resulting γ and e-e+ production are studied. Due to attractors of electron dynamics in a standing wave created by colliding pulses the photon emission and pair production, in general, are more efficient with linearly polarized pulses than with circularly polarized ones. The dependence of the key parameters on the laser intensity and wavelength allows us to identify the conditions for the cascade development and γe-e+ plasma creation.

Progress toward a hydrogen-filled capillary discharge waveguide operating at kHz repetition rates is presented. The discharge current pulse was optimized for erosion mitigation with laser guiding experiments and MHD simulation. Heat flow simulations showed modest temperature rise at the capillary wall due to the average heat load at kHz repetition rates which is promising for realizing applications of LPAs such as short-wavelength radiation sources.

The interaction of a high-energy electron beam with an intense laser pulse with subsequent production of photons, and electron positron pairs is studied. It is shown that charged particles in the strong electromagnetic field experience multiple emissions of photons, leading to the fast depletion of particle energy. The final distributions of electrons, positrons, and photons are calculated for the case of a high-energy electron beam interacting with a counterstreaming, short intense laser pulse.

The dynamics of an electron bunch irradiated by two focused colliding super-intense laser pulses and the resulting γ and e(-)e(+) production are studied. Due to attractors of electron dynamics in a standing wave created by colliding pulses the photon emission and pair production, in general, are more efficient with linearly polarized pulses than with circularly polarized ones. The dependence of the key parameters on the laser intensity and wavelength allows us to identify the conditions for the cascade development and γe(-)e(+) plasma creation.

Acceleration of electrons using intense laser pulses that excite multi-gigavolt fields in plasmas will be described and the path forward to practical accelerators. Experiments with the

A method for the asymmetric focusing of electron bunches, based on the active plasma lensing technique, is proposed. This method takes advantage of the strong inhomogeneous magnetic field generated inside the capillary discharge plasma to focus on the ultrarelativistic electrons. The plasma and magnetic field parameters inside the capillary discharge are described theoretically and modeled with dissipative magnetohydrodynamic computer simulations enabling analysis of the capillaries of rectangle cross-sections. Large aspect ratio rectangular capillaries might be used to transport electron beams with high emittance asymmetries, as well as assist in forming spatially flat electron bunches for final focusing before the interaction point.

The multiple colliding laser pulse concept formulated by Bulanov et al. (Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 104, 2010b, 220404) is beneficial for achieving an extremely high amplitude of coherent electromagnetic field. Since the topology of electric and magnetic fields of multiple colliding laser pulses oscillating in time is far from trivial and the radiation friction effects are significant in the high field limit, the dynamics of charged particles interacting with the multiple colliding laser pulses demonstrates remarkable features corresponding to random walk trajectories, limit circles, attractors, regular patterns and Levy flights. Under extremely high intensity conditions the nonlinear dissipation mechanism stabilizes the particle motion resulting in the charged particle trajectory being located within narrow regions and in the occurrence of a new class of regular patterns made by the particle ensembles.

Gamma-ray flash generation in near-critical-density target irradiated by four symmetrical colliding laser pulses is numerically investigated. With peak intensities about 10^23 W/cm^2, the laser pulses boost electron energy through direct laser acceleration, while pushing them inward with the ponderomotive force. After backscattering with counterpropagating laser, the accelerated electron is trapped in the electromagnetic standing waves or the ponderomotive potential well created by the coherent overlapping of the laser pulses, and emits gamma-ray photons in a multiple-laser-scattering regime, where electrons act as a medium transferring energy from the laser to gamma rays in the ponderomotive potential valley.

γ-ray flash generation in near-critical-density target irradiated by four symmetrical colliding laser pulses is numerically investigated. With peak intensities about 1023 W/cm2, the laser pulses boost electron energy through direct laser acceleration, while pushing them inward with the ponderomotive force. After backscattering with counterpropagating laser, the accelerated electron is trapped in the electromagnetic standing waves or the ponderomotive potential well created by the coherent overlapping of the laser pulses, and emits γ-ray photons in a multiple-laser-scattering regime, where electrons act as a medium transferring energy from the laser to γ rays in the ponderomotive potential valley.