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This study aimed to assess the protective effect of encapsulating humic acid‐iron complexed nanoparticles (HA‐Fe NPs) inside glucanmannan lipid particles (GMLPs) extracted from yeast cell wall against aflatoxin B (AFB1) toxicity in vivo. Four groups of male Sprague‐Dawley rats were treated orally for 2 weeks included the control group, AFB1 treated group (80 µg/kg b.w); GMLP/HA‐Fe NPs treated group (0.5 mg/kg b.w), and the group treated with AFB1 plus GMLP/HA‐Fe NPs. GMLPs are empty 3–4 micron permeable microspheres that provide an efficient system for the synthesis and encapsulation of AFB1‐absorbing nanoparticles (NPs). Humic acid nanoparticles (HA‐NPs) were incorporated inside the GMLP cavity by complexation with ferric chloride. In vivo study revealed that AFB1 significantly elevated serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, creatinine, uric acid, urea, cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, malondialdehyde, and nitric oxide. It significantly decreased total protein, high‐density lipoprotein, hepatic and renal CAT and glutathione peroxidase content and induced histological changes in the liver and kidney (p ≤ 0.05). The coadministration of the synthesized formulation GMLP/HA‐Fe NPs with AFB1 has a protective effect against AFB1‐induced hepato‐nephrotoxicity, oxidative stress and histological alterations in the liver and kidney. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Aspergillus genera are one of the most abundant and widely distributed fungi. Among the Aspergillus genera are A. parasiticus, A. flavus, which produces aflatoxins, A. ochraceus, and A. niger that can produce ochratoxin A. Therefore, the aim of this study is to perform molecular identification and differentiation using the ISSR technique to the Aspergillus species, and study the ability of fungal isolates to produce mycotoxins. The ISSR markers are used in the analysis of the genetic similarity of Aspergillus isolated from peanuts. Data show the ability of the isolated A. flavus, and A. parasiticus to produce aflatoxins, whereas A. ochraceus produced ochratoxin A. To analyze the genetic similarity among the different fungal isolates, a total of 165 full bands were scored from the amplified products with the ten ISSR primers; 116 bands were polymorphic, and forty-one were unique bands with an average range size of (143-1939) bp. The similarity matrix between the isolated fungi revealed that the isolates A. parasiticus and A. niger showed the highest similarity (59 %). The ISSR molecular markers are an extremely valuable means to characterize the genetic similarity of the Aspergillus genera. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to assess the protective effect of encapsulating humic acid-iron complexed nanoparticles (HA-Fe NPs) inside glucanmannan lipid particles (GMLPs) extracted from yeast cell wall against aflatoxin B (AFB 1 ) toxicity in vivo. Four groups of male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated orally for 2 weeks included the control group, AFB 1 treated group (80 µg/kg b.w); GMLP/HA-Fe NPs treated group (0.5 mg/kg b.w), and the group treated with AFB 1 plus GMLP/HA-Fe NPs. GMLPs are empty 3-4 micron permeable microspheres that provide an efficient system for the synthesis and encapsulation of AFB 1 -absorbing nanoparticles (NPs). Humic acid nanoparticles (HA-NPs) were incorporated inside the GMLP cavity by complexation with ferric chloride. In vivo study revealed that AFB 1 significantly elevated serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, creatinine, uric acid, urea, cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, malondialdehyde, and nitric oxide. It significantly decreased total protein, high-density lipoprotein, hepatic and renal CAT and glutathione peroxidase content and induced histological changes in the liver and kidney (p ≤ 0.05). The coadministration of the synthesized formulation GMLP/HA-Fe NPs with AFB 1 has a protective effect against AFB 1 -induced hepato-nephrotoxicity, oxidative stress and histological alterations in the liver and kidney., (© 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)