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1,291 results on '"Santos, Raul D."'

3. New-Onset Diabetes Mellitus in COVID-19: A Scoping Review

Author

Pantea Stoian, Anca, Bica, Ioana-Cristina, Salmen, Teodor, Al Mahmeed, Wael, Al-Rasadi, Khalid, Al-Alawi, Kamila, Banach, Maciej, Banerjee, Yajnavalka, Ceriello, Antonio, Cesur, Mustafa, Cosentino, Francesco, Firenze, Alberto, Galia, Massimo, Goh, Su-Yen, Janez, Andrej, Kalra, Sanjay, Kapoor, Nitin, Kempler, Peter, Lessan, Nader, Lotufo, Paulo, Mikhailidis, Dimitri P., Nibali, Luigi, Papanas, Nikolaos, Powell-Wiley, Tiffany, Rizvi, Ali A., Sahebkar, Amirhossein, Santos, Raul D., Toth, Peter P., Viswanathan, Vijay, and Rizzo, Manfredi

Published
2024
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4. International Atherosclerosis Society guidance for implementing best practice in the care of familial hypercholesterolaemia

Author

Watts, Gerald F., Gidding, Samuel S., Hegele, Robert A., Raal, Frederick J., Sturm, Amy C., Jones, Laney K., Sarkies, Mitchell N., Al-Rasadi, Khalid, Blom, Dirk J., Daccord, Magdalena, de Ferranti, Sarah D., Folco, Emanuela, Libby, Peter, Mata, Pedro, Nawawi, Hapizah M., Ramaswami, Uma, Ray, Kausik K., Stefanutti, Claudia, Yamashita, Shizuya, Pang, Jing, Thompson, Gilbert R., and Santos, Raul D.

Published
2023
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5. Contributors

Author

Agha, Ali M., primary, Alexander, Lydia C., additional, Ballantyne, Christie M., additional, Bays, Harold, additional, Bhatt, Deepak L., additional, Blumenthal, Roger S., additional, Boffa, Michael B., additional, Bond, Rachel M., additional, Brandts, Julia M., additional, Brinton, Eliot A., additional, Brothers, Julie A., additional, Catapano, Alberico L., additional, Chan, Dick C., additional, Chiavaroli, Laura, additional, Cho, Laura Browning, additional, Cho, Leslie, additional, Cummings, Danielle, additional, Daniels, Stephen R., additional, Deshotels, Matthew R., additional, Dove, Erik, additional, Feldman, David I., additional, Fellström, Bengt, additional, Ferdinand, Keith C., additional, Fichtenbaum, Carl J., additional, Fitch, Angela, additional, Gaudet, Daniel, additional, Ginsberg, Henry N., additional, Gluckman, Ty J., additional, Hegele, Robert A., additional, Hoogeveen, Ron C., additional, Hussain, Aliza, additional, Jardine, Alan G., additional, Jenkins, David J.A., additional, Jones, Peter H., additional, Jones, Peter, additional, Kachur, Sergey M., additional, Kendall, Cyril W.C., additional, Knowles, Joshua W., additional, Kobashigawa, Jon A., additional, Koschinsky, Marlys L., additional, Kris-Etherton, Penny M., additional, Lavie, Carl J., additional, Libby, Peter, additional, Marcovina, Santica M., additional, Mark, Patrick B., additional, Marston, Nicholas A., additional, Martin, Seth Shay, additional, Michos, Erin D., additional, Mirrahimi, Arash, additional, Mora, Samia, additional, Moriarty, Patrick M., additional, Nambi, Vijay, additional, Nelson, Adam J., additional, Nicholls, Stephen J., additional, Nissen, Steven E., additional, Nordestgaard, Børge Grønne, additional, Norata, Giuseppe Danilo, additional, Orringer, Carl, additional, Palmisano, Brian T., additional, Patel, Darshna, additional, Patel, Rajan K., additional, Pulipati, Vishnu Priya, additional, Raal, Frederick J., additional, Rader, Daniel J., additional, Ray, Kausik K., additional, Richter, Chesney, additional, Ridker, Paul M., additional, Sabatine, Marc S., additional, Safarova, Maya S., additional, Santos, Raul D., additional, Saseen, Joseph J., additional, Schwartz, Gregory G., additional, Shustak, Rachel J., additional, Sievenpiper, John L., additional, Singh, Nickpreet, additional, Skulas-Ray, Ann C., additional, Srichaikul, Kristie, additional, Stone, Neil J., additional, Tokgözoğlu, Lale, additional, Tybjærg-Hansen, Anne, additional, Virani, Salim S., additional, Watson, Karol, additional, Watts, Gerald F., additional, Wenger, Nanette K., additional, and Wong, Julia M.W., additional

Published
2024
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7. Correction to: New-Onset Diabetes Mellitus in COVID-19: A Scoping Review

Author

Pantea Stoian, Anca, Bica, Ioana-Cristina, Salmen, Teodor, Al Mahmeed, Wael, Al-Rasadi, Khalid, Al-Alawi, Kamila, Banach, Maciej, Banerjee, Yajnavalka, Ceriello, Antonio, Cesur, Mustafa, Cosentino, Francesco, Firenze, Alberto, Galia, Massimo, Goh, Su-Yen, Janez, Andrej, Kalra, Sanjay, Kapoor, Nitin, Kempler, Peter, Lessan, Nader, Lotufo, Paulo, Mikhailidis, Dimitri P., Nibali, Luigi, Papanas, Nikolaos, Powell-Wiley, Tiffany, Rizvi, Ali A., Sahebkar, Amirhossein, Santos, Raul D., Toth, Peter P., Viswanathan, Vijay, and Rizzo, Manfredi

Published
2024
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16. Age- and sex-based heterogeneity in coronary artery plaque presence and burden in familial hypercholesterolemia: A multi-national study

Author

Nasir, Khurram, Mszar, Reed, Cainzos-Achirica, Miguel, Grandhi, Gowtham R., Tromp, Tycho R., Alonso, Rodrigo, Bittencourt, Márcio S., Bruckert, Eric, Díaz-Díaz, José Luis, Gallo, Antonio, Hovingh, G. Kees, Miname, Marcio H., Muñiz-Grijalvo, Ovidio, Pang, Jing, de Isla, Leopoldo Perez, Sijbrands, Eric J.G., Watts, Gerald F., Mata, Pedro, and Santos, Raul D.

Published
2024
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17. World Heart Federation Cholesterol Roadmap 2022

Author

Ray, Kausik K, Ference, Brian A, Séverin, Tania, Blom, Dirk, Nicholls, Stephen J, Shiba, Mariko H, Almahmeed, Wael, Alonso, Rodrigo, Daccord, Magdalena, Ezhov, Marat, Olmo, Rosa Fernández, Jankowski, Piotr, Lanas, Fernando, Mehta, Roopa, Puri, Raman, Wong, Nathan D, Wood, David, Zhao, Dong, Gidding, Samuel S, Virani, Salim S, Lloyd-Jones, Donald, Pinto, Fausto, Perel, Pablo, and Santos, Raul D

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Cardiovascular Medicine and Haematology, Heart Disease, Health Services, Patient Safety, Prevention, Atherosclerosis, Cardiovascular, Clinical Research, Heart Disease - Coronary Heart Disease, Good Health and Well Being, Humans, Cholesterol, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors, Dyslipidemias, Lipoproteins, Apolipoproteins B, Cardiovascular Diseases, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol prevention, ASCVD, lipid lowering therapy, familial hypercholesterolaemia, Cardiorespiratory Medicine and Haematology, Cardiovascular medicine and haematology
Abstract

BackgroundAtherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD) including myocardial infarction, stroke and peripheral arterial disease continue to be major causes of premature death, disability and healthcare expenditure globally. Preventing the accumulation of cholesterol-containing atherogenic lipoproteins in the vessel wall is central to any healthcare strategy to prevent ASCVD. Advances in current concepts about reducing cumulative exposure to apolipoprotein B (apo B) cholesterol-containing lipoproteins and the emergence of novel therapies provide new opportunities to better prevent ASCVD. The present update of the World Heart Federation Cholesterol Roadmap provides a conceptual framework for the development of national policies and health systems approaches, so that potential roadblocks to cholesterol management and thus ASCVD prevention can be overcome.MethodsThrough a review of published guidelines and research papers since 2017, and consultation with a committee composed of experts in clinical management of dyslipidaemias and health systems research in low-and-middle income countries (LMICs), this Roadmap identifies (1) key principles to effective ASCVD prevention (2) gaps in implementation of these interventions (knowledge-practice gaps); (3) health system roadblocks to treatment of elevated cholesterol in LMICs; and (4) potential strategies for overcoming these.ResultsReducing the future burden of ASCVD will require diverse approaches throughout the life-course. These include: a greater focus on primordial prevention; availability of affordable cholesterol testing; availability of universal cholesterol screening for inherited dyslipidaemias; risk stratification moving beyond 10-year risk to look at lifetime risk with adequate risk estimators; wider availability of affordable cholesterol-lowering therapies which should include statins as essential medications globally; use of adequate doses of potent statin regimens; and combination therapies with ezetimibe or other therapies in order to attain and maintain robust reductions in LDL-C in those at highest risk. Continuing efforts are needed on health literacy for both the public and healthcare providers, utilising multi-disciplinary teams in healthcare and applications that quantify both ASCVD risk and benefits of treatment as well as increased adherence to therapies.ConclusionsThe adverse effects of LDL-cholesterol and apo B containing lipoprotein exposure are cumulative and result in ASCVD. These are preventable by implementation of different strategies, aimed at efficiently tackling atherosclerosis at different stages throughout the human life-course. Preventive strategies should therefore be updated to implement health policy, lifestyle changes and when needed pharmacotherapies earlier with investment in, and a shift in focus towards, early preventive strategies that preserve cardiovascular health rather than treat the consequences of ASCVD.

Published
2022

18. Cardiometabolic disorders, inflammation and the incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A longitudinal study comparing lean and non-lean individuals

Author

Aneni, Ehimen C, Saeed, Gul Jana, Bittencourt, Marcio Sommer, Cainzos-Achirica, Miguel, Osondu, Chukwuemeka U, Budoff, Matthew, Parise, Edison R, Santos, Raul D, and Nasir, Khurram

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Public Health, Health Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Digestive Diseases, Liver Disease, Cardiovascular, Clinical Research, Chronic Liver Disease and Cirrhosis, Prevention, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Aetiology, Good Health and Well Being, Alcoholism, Blood Glucose, Body Mass Index, C-Reactive Protein, Humans, Hypertension, Incidence, Inflammation, Longitudinal Studies, Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, Risk Factors, General Science & Technology
Abstract

BackgroundThere is limited knowledge about the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) associated with cardiometabolic disorders in lean persons. This study examines the contribution of cardiometabolic disorders to NAFLD risk among lean individuals and compares to non-lean individuals.MethodsWe analyzed longitudinal data from 6,513 participants of a yearly voluntary routine health testing conducted at the Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Brazil. NAFLD was defined as hepatic ultrasound diagnosed fatty liver in individuals scoring below 8 on the alcohol use disorders identification test. Our main exposure variables were elevated blood glucose, elevated blood pressure (BP), presence of atherogenic dyslipidemia (AD, defined as the combination of elevated triglycerides and low HDL cholesterol) and physical inactivity (

Published
2022

28. Predicting intention to participate in self-management behaviors in patients with Familial Hypercholesterolemia: A cross-national study.

Author

Hagger, Martin S, Hamilton, Kyra, Hardcastle, Sarah J, Hu, Miao, Kwok, See, Lin, Jie, Nawawi, Hapizah M, Pang, Jing, Santos, Raul D, Soran, Handrean, Su, Ta-Chen, Tomlinson, Brian, and Watts, Gerald F

Subjects
Humans, Cross-Sectional Studies, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Intention, Patient Participation, Brazil, Malaysia, China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Australia, Female, Male, Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II, Surveys and Questionnaires, United Kingdom, Self-Management, Attitudes, Common sense model, Hyperlipidaemia, Illness perceptions, Theoretical integration, Theories of social cognition, Theory of planned behavior, Basic Behavioral and Social Science, Prevention, Atherosclerosis, Behavioral and Social Science, Cardiovascular, Clinical Research, 7.1 Individual care needs, Management of diseases and conditions, Medical and Health Sciences, Economics, Studies in Human Society, Public Health
Abstract

RATIONALE:Familial Hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a genetic condition that predisposes patients to substantially increased risk of early-onset atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. FH risks can be minimized through regular participation in three self-management. BEHAVIORS: physical activity, healthy eating, and taking cholesterol lowering medication. OBJECTIVE:The present study tested the effectiveness of an integrated social cognition model in predicting intention to participate in the self-management behaviors in FH patients from seven countries. METHOD:Consecutive patients in FH clinics from Australia, Hong Kong, Brazil, Malaysia, Taiwan, China, and UK (total N = 726) completed measures of social cognitive beliefs about illness from the common sense model of self-regulation, beliefs about behaviors from the theory of planned behavior, and past behavior for the three self-management behaviors. RESULTS:Structural equation models indicated that beliefs about behaviors from the theory of planned behavior, namely, attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control, were consistent predictors of intention across samples and behaviors. By comparison, effects of beliefs about illness from the common sense model were smaller and trivial in size. Beliefs partially mediated past behavior effects on intention, although indirect effects of past behavior on intention were larger for physical activity relative to taking medication and healthy eating. Model constructs did not fully account for past behavior effects on intentions. Variability in the strength of the beliefs about behaviors was observed across samples and behaviors. CONCLUSION:Current findings outline the importance of beliefs about behaviors as predictors of FH self-management behaviors. Variability in the relative contribution of the beliefs across samples and behaviors highlights the imperative of identifying sample- and behavior-specific correlates of FH self-management behaviors.

Published
2019

30. The Dual Pandemics of COVID-19 and Obesity: Bidirectional Impact

Author

Kapoor, Nitin, Kalra, Sanjay, Al Mahmeed, Wael, Al-Rasadi, Khalid, Al-Alawi, Kamila, Banach, Maciej, Banerjee, Yajnavalka, Ceriello, Antonio, Cesur, Mustafa, Cosentino, Francesco, Firenze, Alberto, Galia, Massimo, Goh, Su-Yen, Janez, Andrej, Kempler, Peter, Lessan, Nader, Lotufo, Paulo, Papanas, Nikolaos, Rizvi, Ali A., Sahebkar, Amirhossein, Santos, Raul D., Stoian, Anca Pantea, Toth, Peter P., Viswanathan, Vijay, and Rizzo, Manfredi

Published
2022
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35. Molecular and pro-inflammatory aspects of COVID-19: The impact on cardiometabolic health

Author

Lo Presti, Elena, Nuzzo, Domenico, Al Mahmeed, Wael, Al-Rasadi, Khalid, Al-Alawi, Kamila, Banach, Maciej, Banerjee, Yajnavalka, Ceriello, Antonio, Cesur, Mustafa, Cosentino, Francesco, Firenze, Alberto, Galia, Massimo, Goh, Su-Yen, Janez, Andrej, Kalra, Sanjay, Kapoor, Nitin, Kempler, Peter, Lessan, Nader, Lotufo, Paulo, Papanas, Nikolaos, Rizvi, Ali A., Sahebkar, Amirhossein, Santos, Raul D., Stoian, Anca P., Toth, Peter P., Viswanathan, Vijay, and Rizzo, Manfredi

Published
2022
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36. Post-COVID syndrome, inflammation, and diabetes

Author

Rizvi, Ali A., Kathuria, Amita, Al Mahmeed, Wael, Al-Rasadi, Khalid, Al-Alawi, Kamila, Banach, Maciej, Banerjee, Yajnavalka, Ceriello, Antonio, Cesur, Mustafa, Cosentino, Francesco, Galia, Massimo, Goh, Su-Yen, Janez, Andrej, Kalra, Sanjay, Kempler, Peter, Lessan, Nader, Lotufo, Paulo, Papanas, Nikolaos, Santos, Raul D., Stoian, Anca P., Toth, Peter P., Viswanathan, Vijay, and Rizzo, Manfredi

Published
2022
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37. Paediatric patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia treated with evolocumab for 80 weeks (HAUSER-OLE): a single-arm, multicentre, open-label extension of HAUSER-RCT

Author

Santos, Raul D, Ruzza, Andrea, Hovingh, G Kees, Stefanutti, Claudia, Mach, François, Descamps, Olivier S, Bergeron, Jean, Wang, Bei, Bartuli, Andrea, Buonuomo, Paola Sabrina, Greber-Platzer, Susanne, Luirink, Ilse, Bhatia, Ajay K, Raal, Frederick J, Kastelein, John J P, Wiegman, Albert, and Gaudet, Daniel

Published
2022
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46. Worldwide experience of homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia: retrospective cohort study

Author

Tromp, Tycho R., Hartgers, Merel L., Hovingh, G. Kees, Vallejo-Vaz, Antonio J., Ray, Kausik K., Soran, Handrean, Freiberger, Tomas, Bertolini, Stefano A., Harada-Shiba, Mariko, Pang, Jing, Watts, Gerald F., Greber-Platzer, Susanne, Mäser, Martin, Stulnig, Thomas M., Ebenbichler, Christoph F., Bin Thani, Khalid, Cassiman, David, Descamps, Olivier S., Rymen, Daisy, Witters, Peter, Santos, Raul D., Brunham, Liam R., Francis, Gordon A., Genest, Jacques, Hegele, Robert A., Kennedy, Brooke A., Ruel, Isabelle, Sherman, Mark H., Jiang, Long, Wang, Luya, Reiner, Željko, Blaha, Vladimir, Ceska, Richard, Dvorakova, Jana, Dlouhy, Lubomir, Horak, Pavel, Soska, Vladimir, Tichy, Lukas, Urbanek, Robin, Vaverkova, Helena, Vrablik, Michal, Zemek, Stanislav, Zlatohlavek, Lukas, Emil, Sameh, Naguib, Tarek, Reda, Ashraf, Béliard, Sophie, Bruckert, Eric, Gallo, Antonio, Elisaf, Moses S., Kolovou, Genovefa, Cohen, Hofit, Durst, Ronen, Dann, Eldad J., Elis, Avishay, Hussein, Osama, Leitersdorf, Eran, Schurr, Daniel, Setia, Nitika, Verma, Ishwar C., Alareedh, Mohammed D., Al-Khnifsawi, Mutaz, Abdalsahib Al-Zamili, Ali F., Rhadi, Sabah H., Shaghee, Foaad K., Arca, Marcello, Averna, Maurizio, Bartuli, Andrea, Bucci, Marco, Buonuomo, Paola S., Calabrò, Paolo, Calandra, Sebastiano, Casula, Manuela, Catapano, Alberico L., Cefalù, Angelo B., Cicero, Arrigo F.G., D'Addato, Sergio, D'Erasmo, Laura, Di Costanzo, Alessia, Fasano, Tommaso, Gazzotti, Marta, Giammanco, Antonina, Iannuzzo, Gabriella, Ibba, Anastasia, Negri, Emanuele A., Pasta, Andrea, Pavanello, Chiara, Pisciotta, Livia, Rabacchi, Claudio, Ripoli, Carlo, Sampietro, Tiziana, Sbrana, Francesco, Sileo, Fulvio, Suppressa, Patrizia, Tarugi, Patrizia, Trenti, Chiara, Zenti, Maria G., Hori, Mika, Ayesh, Mahmoud H., Azar, Sami T., Bitar, Fadi F., Fahed, Akl C., Moubarak, Elie M., Nemer, Georges, Nawawi, Hapizah M., Madriz, Ramón, Mehta, Roopa, Cupido, Arjen J., Defesche, Joep C., Reijman, M. Doortje, Roeters-van Lennep, Jeanine E., Stroes, Erik S.G., Wiegman, Albert, Zuurbier, Linda, Al-Waili, Khalid, Sadiq, Fouzia, Chlebus, Krzysztof, Bourbon, Mafalda, Gaspar, Isabel M., Lalic, Katarina S., Ezhov, Marat V., Susekov, Andrey V., Groselj, Urh, Charng, Min-Ji, Khovidhunkit, Weerapan, Aktan, Melih, Altunkeser, Bulent B., Demircioglu, Sinan, Kose, Melis, Gokce, Cumali, Ilhan, Osman, Kayikcioglu, Meral, Kaynar, Leyla G., Kuku, Irfan, Kurtoglu, Erdal, Okutan, Harika, Ozcebe, Osman I., Pekkolay, Zafer, Sag, Saim, Salcioglu, Osman Z., Temizhan, Ahmet, Yenercag, Mustafa, Yilmaz, Mehmet, Yilmaz Yasar, Hamiyet, Mitchenko, Olena, Lyons, Alexander R.M., Stevens, Christophe A.T., Brothers, Julie A., Hudgins, Lisa C., Nguyen, Christina, Alieva, Rano, Shek, Aleksandr, Do, Doan-Loi, Kim, Ngoc-Thanh, Le, Hong-An, Le, Thanh-Tung, Nguyen, Mai-Ngoc T., Truong, Thanh-Huong, Blom, Dirk J., Raal, Frederick J., Cuchel, Marina, Tromp, Tycho R, Hartgers, Merel L, Hovingh, G Kees, Vallejo-Vaz, Antonio J, Ray, Kausik K, Bertolini, Stefano, Blom, Dirk J, and Raal, Frederick J

Published
2022
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47. Branched-Chain Amino Acids, Alanine, and Thyroid Function: A Cross-Sectional, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)-Based Approach from ELSA-Brasil.

Author

Janovsky, Carolina Castro Porto Silva, Meneghini, Vandrize, Tebar, William, Martins, Joao Roberto Maciel, Sgarbi, José Augusto, Teixeira, Patrícia de Fatima dos Santos, Jones, Steven R., Blaha, Michael J., Toth, Peter P., Lotufo, Paulo A., Bittencourt, Marcio S., Santos, Raul D., Santos, Itamar S., Chaker, Layal, and Bensenor, Isabela M.

Subjects
ESSENTIAL amino acids, AMINO acids, NUCLEAR magnetic resonance, ALANINE, THYROTROPIN, LEUCINE
Abstract

The association of thyroid function with essential and non-essential amino acids is understudied, despite their common metabolic roles. Thus, our aim was to evaluate the association of thyroid function with the levels of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs—leucine, isoleucine, and valine) and of alanine in the general population. We utilized data from the São Paulo research center of ELSA-Brasil, a longitudinal population-based cohort study. Thyroid parameters included thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free T4 and free T3 levels, and the FT4:FT3 ratio. BCAAs and alanine were analyzed on a fully automated NMR platform. The current analysis included euthyroid participants and participants with subclinical hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. We used Pearson's coefficient to quantify the correlation between thyroid-related parameters and amino acids. Linear regression models were performed to analyze whether thyroid parameters were associated with BCAAs and alanine levels. We included 4098 participants (51.3 ± 9.0 years old, 51.5% women) in this study. In the most adjusted model, higher levels of TSH were associated with higher levels of alanine, FT4 levels were inversely associated with isoleucine levels, FT3 levels were statistically significant and positively associated with valine and leucine, and the T3:T4 ratio was positively associated with all amino acids. We observed that subclinical hypothyroidism was positively associated with isoleucine and alanine levels in all models, even after full adjustment. Our findings highlight the association of subclinical hypothyroidism and thyroid-related parameters (including TSH, free T4, free T3, and FT4:FT3 ratio) with BCAAs and alanine. Further studies are needed to explore the mechanisms underlying this association. These insights contribute to our understanding of the influence of thyroid-related parameters on BCAA and alanine metabolism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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49. Adverse effects of statin therapy: perception vs. the evidence – focus on glucose homeostasis, cognitive, renal and hepatic function, haemorrhagic stroke and cataract

Author

Mach, François, Ray, Kausik K, Wiklund, Olov, Corsini, Alberto, Catapano, Alberico L, Bruckert, Eric, De Backer, Guy, Hegele, Robert A, Hovingh, G Kees, Jacobson, Terry A, Krauss, Ronald M, Laufs, Ulrich, Leiter, Lawrence A, März, Winfried, Nordestgaard, Børge G, Raal, Frederick J, Roden, Michael, Santos, Raul D, Stein, Evan A, Stroes, Erik S, Thompson, Paul D, Tokgözoğlu, Lale, Vladutiu, Georgirene D, Gencer, Baris, Stock, Jane K, Ginsberg, Henry N, and Chapman, M John

Subjects
Aging, Brain Disorders, Prevention, Patient Safety, Liver Disease, Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities, Digestive Diseases, Stroke, Clinical Research, Evaluation of treatments and therapeutic interventions, Aetiology, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, 6.1 Pharmaceuticals, Cataract, Cerebral Hemorrhage, Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury, Cognition Disorders, Glucose, Homeostasis, Humans, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors, Kidney Diseases, European Atherosclerosis Society Consensus Panel, Cardiorespiratory Medicine and Haematology, Clinical Sciences, Cardiovascular System & Hematology
Abstract

AimsTo objectively appraise evidence for possible adverse effects of long-term statin therapy on glucose homeostasis, cognitive, renal and hepatic function, and risk for haemorrhagic stroke or cataract.Methods and resultsA literature search covering 2000-2017 was performed. The Panel critically appraised the data and agreed by consensus on the categorization of reported adverse effects. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and genetic studies show that statin therapy is associated with a modest increase in the risk of new-onset diabetes mellitus (about one per thousand patient-years), generally defined by laboratory findings (glycated haemoglobin ≥6.5); this risk is significantly higher in the metabolic syndrome or prediabetes. Statin treatment does not adversely affect cognitive function, even at very low levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and is not associated with clinically significant deterioration of renal function, or development of cataract. Transient increases in liver enzymes occur in 0.5-2% of patients taking statins but are not clinically relevant; idiosyncratic liver injury due to statins is very rare and causality difficult to prove. The evidence base does not support an increased risk of haemorrhagic stroke in individuals without cerebrovascular disease; a small increase in risk was suggested by the Stroke Prevention by Aggressive Reduction of Cholesterol Levels study in subjects with prior stroke but has not been confirmed in the substantive evidence base of RCTs, cohort studies and case-control studies.ConclusionLong-term statin treatment is remarkably safe with a low risk of clinically relevant adverse effects as defined above; statin-associated muscle symptoms were discussed in a previous Consensus Statement. Importantly, the established cardiovascular benefits of statin therapy far outweigh the risk of adverse effects.

Published
2018

50. NHLBI Working Group Recommendations to Reduce Lipoprotein(a)-Mediated Risk of Cardiovascular Disease and Aortic Stenosis

Author

Tsimikas, Sotirios, Fazio, Sergio, Ferdinand, Keith C, Ginsberg, Henry N, Koschinsky, Marlys L, Marcovina, Santica M, Moriarty, Patrick M, Rader, Daniel J, Remaley, Alan T, Reyes-Soffer, Gissette, Santos, Raul D, Thanassoulis, George, Witztum, Joseph L, Danthi, Simhan, Olive, Michelle, and Liu, Lijuan

Subjects
Cardiovascular, Heart Disease, Prevention, Good Health and Well Being, Aortic Valve Stenosis, Cardiovascular Diseases, Humans, Lipoprotein(a), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (U.S.), Needs Assessment, Research, Risk Factors, United States, aortic stenosis, cardiovascular disease, lipoprotein(a), metabolism, pathophysiology, therapy, Cardiorespiratory Medicine and Haematology, Public Health and Health Services, Cardiovascular System & Hematology
Abstract

Pathophysiological, epidemiological, and genetic studies provide strong evidence that lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is a causal mediator of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD). Specific therapies to address Lp(a)-mediated CVD and CAVD are in clinical development. Due to knowledge gaps, the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute organized a working group that identified challenges in fully understanding the role of Lp(a) in CVD/CAVD. These included the lack of research funding, inadequate experimental models, lack of globally standardized Lp(a) assays, and inadequate understanding of the mechanisms underlying current drug therapies on Lp(a) levels. Specific recommendations were provided to facilitate basic, mechanistic, preclinical, and clinical research on Lp(a); foster collaborative research and resource sharing; leverage expertise of different groups and centers with complementary skills; and use existing National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute resources. Concerted efforts to understand Lp(a) pathophysiology, together with diagnostic and therapeutic advances, are required to reduce Lp(a)-mediated risk of CVD and CAVD.

Published
2018

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